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Vol. 20. Núm. 3.
Páginas 244-247 (mayo - junio 2006)
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Vol. 20. Núm. 3.
Páginas 244-247 (mayo - junio 2006)
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Open Access
Vacunología en conflictos armados: una intervención puntual frente a poliomielitis en Afganistán
Vaccinology in armed conflicts: a punctual intervention in poliomyelitis eradication in Afghanistan
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Juan M. López-Gonzáleza, José Tuellsb,
Autor para correspondencia
tuells@ua.es

Correspondencia: Dr. José Tuells. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia. Universidad de Alicante. Campus San Vicente de Raspeig. Apdo. 99. E-03080. Alicante. España.
a Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid, España
b Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España
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Resumen

Las situaciones de conflicto armado suponen un handicap para la erradicación de la poliomielitis por las dificultades de acceso a la población susceptible. En Afganistán, tras la operación militar que supuso la caída del régimen talibán, se llevó a cabo por sanitarios militares españoles una intervención dirigida a mejorar el nivel de protección frente a poliomielitis en la población infantil de la zona donde realizaban su misión.

Solventados los obstáculos logísticos y de planificación, se efectuaron 2 rondas de vacunación con vacuna de polio inactivada (VPI). Un cuestionario mediado por un intérprete permitió una aproximación al escenario vacunal, proporcionando información sobre las características sociodemográficas de los niños que acudieron, su estado vacunal, sus conocimientos sobre las vacunas y el alcance de los medios empleados para difundir la intervención. Fueron inmunizados 293 y 321 niños en dos rondas. Se observó que muy pocos estaban vacunados con anterioridad (10%) y mostraban un bajo conocimiento sobre las vacunas. Los padres no se implicaron en la campaña, que obtuvo mejor resultado de difusión por carteles (70%) que por cuñas radiofónicas (10%). La vacunación es una iniciativa de salud que allana el camino hacia la paz.

Palabras clave:
Poliomielitis
Inmunización
Afganistán
Abstract

The situations of armed conflict suppose a handicap for the eradication of the poliomyelitis due to the difficulties to access the susceptible population. In Afghanistan, after the military operation which put an end to the Taliban regime, Spanish military sanitarians made an intervention in order to immunize the children of the zone where they were conducting their mission, against poliomyelitis. After having solved planning and logistic problems, two rounds of vaccination with IPV were made. A local translator helped to fill out a questionnaire about the state of immunization in that zone, providing information regarding the socio-demographic data of the children that showed up, their immunization status, their knowledge about vaccines and the efficacy of the various social mobilization activities utilized. 293 and 321 children were vaccinated in two different rounds. Very few of them had received a prior vaccination (10%) and they showed very little knowledge regarding immunization. Parents didn’t involve themselves in the campaign, and knowledge about it was achieved better with the use of posters (70%) than with the use of radio ads (10%). Immunization is a health initiative that helps to improve the chances for peace.

Key words:
Poliomyelitis
Immunization
Afghanistan
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Bibliografía
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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