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Vol. 18. Núm. 5.
Páginas 398-405 (septiembre - octubre 2004)
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Vol. 18. Núm. 5.
Páginas 398-405 (septiembre - octubre 2004)
Open Access
La introducción de tecnologías en los sistemas sanitarios: del dicho al hecho
The introduction of technologies in health care systems: from saying to doing
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6205
Anna García-Altés
Autor para correspondencia
annagarcia@post.harvard.edu

Correspondencia: Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud.
Fundación Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
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Resumen
Introducción

La evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias (ETS) es un instrumento basado en la evidencia científica para la toma de decisiones sobre la inclusión de avances tecnológicos en los sistemas sanitarios. Ahora bien, hay múltiples condicionantes y elementos, provenientes tanto de la propia ETS como de profesionales, políticos y de la sociedad, que influyen en que los resultados de la ETS se lleven a cabo. El objetivo de este artículo es describir los principales elementos que condicionan la aplicación de la ETS en la práctica y su uso en el ámbito clínico y en la política sanitaria.

Métodos

Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos biomédica PubMed. Se revisaron las referencias seleccionadas, así como la bibliografía adicional y la literatura gris identificada a partir de las referencias, que trataba de temas relacionados con la práctica de la ETS. Los resultados se presentan de manera descriptiva, haciendo un análisis de los estudios agrupados por los distintos aspectos de la ETS.

Resultados

Algunos elementos clave en los que hay posibilidades de mejora son la estandarización del proceso de evaluación, la descripción de la misión de la organización, la priorización de tecnologías a evaluar, la claridad en la presentación de los resultados, la inclusión de valores sociales y de costeefectividad, y el aumento de la coordinación internacional.

Conclusiones

Para muchos, la razón de ser de la ETS es su función explícita en la toma de decisiones, aunque esto no está exento de problemas. Todo parece indicar que el futuro inmediato de la ETS pasa por explicitar los procesos de evaluación y la clara inclusión de la ETS en la toma de decisiones, con todo lo que ello supone de priorización de tecnologías, establecimiento de límites en cuanto al consumo de recursos económicos y vinculación con los procesos políticos.

Palabras clave:
Evaluación de tecnologías
Política sanitaria
Medicina basada en la evidencia
Asignación de recursos
Abstract
Introduction

Health technology assessment (HTA) is a tool based on scientific evidence useful for making decisions about the introduction of technological advances in healthcare systems. However, there are multiple elements that influence the actual use of the results of HTA. These elements are related both to the characteristics of HTA and to the stakeholders involved –health professionals, politicians, and society. The aim of this article was to describe the main elements that influence the applicability of HTA in practice, as well as the use of HTA in clinical practice and health policy.

Methods

A literature search was performed in PubMed. The references retrieved, as well as additional bibliography and gray literature dealing with different aspects of HTA practice identified from the references retrieved, were reviewed. The results are presented descriptively, with analysis of the studies grouped according to the various HTA-related topics.

Results

Key elements that could be improved are standardization of the evaluation process, description of the organization’s mission, prioritization of the technologies to be assessed, the clarity of the presentation of results, inclusion of values other than scientific evidence, such as social and costeffectiveness values, and increased international coordination.

Conclusions

For many people, the rationale for HTA is its explicit role in decision making, despite its problems. The immediate future of HTA would seem to include making the assessment process explicit, and the inclusion of HTA in decision making. This entails prioritization of technologies, setting limits on resource allocation and interrelation with political processes.

Key words:
Technology assessment
Health policy
Evidence-based medicine
Resource allocation
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