Journal Information
Vol. 14. Issue 1.
Pages 23-30 (January - February 2000)
Vol. 14. Issue 1.
Pages 23-30 (January - February 2000)
Open Access
Hábito de fumar, exposición al tabaco y síntomas respiratorios en la población escolar de 14–15 años de Terrassa (Barcelona)
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A. Agudo Trigueros1,
Corresponding author
agudo@csm.scs.es

Correspondencia: IREC (Institut de Recerca Epidemiològica i Clínica). C/ Jordi Joan, 5. 08301 Mataró.
, T. Garrich Aumatell2, D. Heras Fortuny3, D. Porras Cano4, A. Sánchez García5
1 IREC (Institut de Recerca Epidemiològica i Clínica), Mataró
2 CAP Terrassa Nord
3 CAP Rambla. Terrassa
4 CAP Ca'n Oriac. Sabadell
5 CAP Sant Felix. Sabadell
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Abstract
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Resumen
Objetivos

Estudio de la prevalencia del hábito de fumar, la exposición pasiva al humo del tabaco, y los síntomas y los antecedentes relacionados con el asma en la población escolar de 14-15 años de Terrassa (Barcelona).

Métodos

En total 793 alumnos de 21 escuelas de Terrassa respondieron un cuestionario que incluía información sobre el hábito de fumar, la exposición ambiental al tabaco, factores del entorno familiar y personal, síntomas respiratorios y antecedentes de asma.

Resultados

La prevalencia de fumadores habituales (diariamente) fue del 16,3% (13,7–18,9), similar en ambos sexos. La edad, el hábito de los amigos y de la madre y tener hermanos mayores se asociaron de manera independiente al hábito de fumar. Durante el último año el 13% de los escolares presentaron sibilancia y 20,3% tos nocturna. El hábito de fumar diariamente y la exposición pasiva al tabaco se asociaron positivamente a la prevalencia de síntomas pero no al diagnóstico previo de asma.

Conclusiones

Se observa cierta estabilización del hábito de fumar en los adolescentes, con tendencia a una mayor prevalencia en el sexo femenino. La presencia de tabaco en el entorno social y familiar se asocia a la presencia del hábito de fumar regularmente en los adolescentes. Tanto el hábito activo como la exposición pasiva al tabaco se asocian a un incremento de la sintomatología relacionada con el asma.

Palabras clave:
Prevalencia
Adolescentes
Hábito de fumar
Exposición ambiental al tabaco
Asma
Summary
Objectives

Assessment of the prevalence of smoking habits, environmental tobacco exposure, and asthma-related symptoms in a cross-sectional study in schoolchildren aged 14–15 years in Terrassa (Barcelona).

Methods

A sample of 793 students from 21 schools answered a self-administered questionnaire including information on smoking habits, environmental tobacco exposure and asthma-related symptoms.

Results

The prevalence of smoking daily was 16.3% (CI 13.7–18.9); no difference between sexes were observed, while the proportion of occasional smokers was higher among girls. Age, maternal habit, friend's smoking habit and having older siblings were independently associated to the schoolchildren's smoking habits. Overall, 13% reported a positive history of wheezing and 20.3% of nocturnal cough during the previous year. Smoking daily and passive smoking were positively associated with the prevalence of asthma-related symptoms, but not with previous diagnosis of asthma.

Conclusions

The prevalence of smoking among adolescents seems to have levelled off. There is some trend toward a higher prevalence among girls than among boys. The presence of smoking in the social environment is a strong predictor of the smoking habits among schoolchildren. Both active smoking and environmental exposure to tobacco smoke are associated to increased asthma-related symptoms.

Key words:
Prevalence
Adolescence
Smoking habits
Tobacco smoke pollution
Asthma
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