Información del artículo
Resumen
Se revisa la literatura relativa a programas desarrollados en el medio escolar tendentes a prevenir el uso de tabaco y otras sustancias adictivas entre los adolescentes. Se describen los ejes fundamentales de dichos programas. Los programas que refuerzan las habilidades para resistir la presión social para el consumo de sustancias adictivas son los que obtienen mejores resultados, pues consiguen reducciones significativas en el inicio del tabaquismo y resultados prometedores, aunque no tan inequivocas, en relación con el abuso del alcohol y de otras drogas. La duración de estos programas oscila de ocho a doce horas en un año, en general entre sexto y octavo curso.
Otras propuestas de duración similar, basadas en la mejora de la autoestima, el desarrollo de actividades alternativas al consumo de drogas o la simple transmisión de información sobre las mismas, no han mostrado resultados positivos apreciables al ser aplicados en estas edades.
Palabras clave:
Educación sanitaria
Prevención de las drogas
Alcohol
Tabaco
Escuela
Summary
We review the literature on school programs of prevention of consumption of tobacco and other addictive substances among adolescents. We describe the keys of these programs. The programs emforcing the abilities to ressist the social pressure to the consumption of addictive substances report better results and they achieve significant reduction in the initiation of tobacco consumption. They also report promising results for alcohol and other addictive substances, but they are not so clearly supported. Average duration of the programs is between 8 and 12 ours a year, generally in 6th and 8th course.
Other purposes of similar duration based on: self-estim, the development of activities other than drug consumption, or the simple information on drugs, have not shown significant positive results for these ages.
Key words:
Health education
Drug prevention
Alcohol
Tobacco
School
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