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Vol. 16. Núm. 3.
Páginas 250-256 (mayo - junio 2002)
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Vol. 16. Núm. 3.
Páginas 250-256 (mayo - junio 2002)
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Perspectivas en disrupción endocrina
Perspectives in endocrine disruption
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N. Olea
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nolea@ugr.es

Correspondencia: Dr. Nicolás Olea. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Médicas. Hospital Clínico. Universidad de Granada. 18071 Granada
, M.F. Fernández, P. Araque, F. Olea-Serrano
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Médicas. Hospital Clínico. Universidad de Granada
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Resumen

La descripción de alteraciones en la función reproductora de algunas especies de animales salvajes, junto a la demostración de la exposición humana y animal a sustancias químicas con actividad hormonal –agonista y antagonista– generó, hace dos décadas, lo que se conoce hoy día como hipótesis de disrupción endocrina. Se trata de un problema emergente de salud medioambiental que ha cuestionado algunos de los paradigmas en que se fundamenta el control y la regulación de uso de los compuestos químicos. La necesidad de incluir en los tests toxicológicos habituales nuevos objetivos de investigación, que se refieren específicamente al desarrollo y crecimiento de las especies y a la homeostasis y funcionalidad de los sistemas hormonales, ha venido a complicar tanto la evaluación de los nuevos compuestos químicos como la revaluación de los existentes. Sus repercusiones sobre la reglamentación y el comercio internacional no se han hecho esperar y a ambos lados del Atlántico se han diseñado y establecido sistemas de cribado de disruptores endocrinos y se han desarrollado programas de investigación con objeto de cualificar y cuantificar los efectos adversos sobre la salud humana y animal y poder actuar con medidas de prevención.

Palabras clave:
Disruptores endocrinos
Exposición medioambiental
Evaluación del riesgo
Abstract

Two decades ago, reports of alterations in the reproductive function of some wild animal species and clear evidence of human and animal exposure to chemical substances with hormonal activity –agonist and antagonist–generated what is known now as the hypothesis of endocrine disruption. This is an emerging environmental health problem that has challenged some of the paradigms on which the control and regulation of the use of chemical compounds is based. The need to include in routine toxicology tests new research objectives that specifically refer to the development and growth of species and to the homeostasis and functionality of hormonal systems, has served to complicate both the evaluation of new compounds and the re-evaluation of existing ones. The repercussions on regulation and international trade have not taken long to be felt. On both sides of the Atlantic, screening systems for endocrine disrupters have been designed and established, and research programmes have been launched to characterise and quantify adverse effects on human and animal health and to develop preventive measures.

key words:
Endocrine disruptors
Environmental exposure
Risk assessment
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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