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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los estudios transversales las medidas de asociaci&#243;n cl&#225;sicamente descritas son la raz&#243;n de odds &#40;odds ratio&#44; OR&#41; y la raz&#243;n de prevalencias &#40;prevalence ratio&#44; PR&#41;&#46; Algunos estudios epidemiol&#243;gicos con dise&#241;o transversal expresan sus resultados en forma de OR&#44; pero utilizan la definici&#243;n de PR&#46; El objetivo principal de este trabajo es describir y comparar diferentes m&#233;todos de c&#225;lculo de la PR discutidos en la bibliograf&#237;a reciente en dos escenarios &#40;prevalencia &#60; 20&#37; y prevalencia &#62; 20&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; una b&#250;squeda bibliogr&#225;fica para conocer las t&#233;cnicas m&#225;s utilizadas para la estimaci&#243;n de la PR&#46; Los 4 procedimientos m&#225;s empleados fueron&#58; a&#41; seguir obteniendo OR mediante regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica no condicional&#44; pero utilizando su definici&#243;n correcta de OR&#59; b&#41; utilizar una regresi&#243;n de Breslow-Cox&#59; c&#41; utilizar un modelo lineal generalizado con la transformaci&#243;n logaritmo y familia binomial&#44; y d&#41; utilizar una f&#243;rmula de conversi&#243;n de una OR&#44; obtenida mediante regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica tradicional&#44; a una PR&#46; Se han replicado para cada uno de los dos escenarios &#40;prevalencia &#60; 20&#37; y prevalencia &#62; 20&#37;&#41; los modelos hallados utilizando datos reales de la Encuesta de Salud de Catalunya de 1994&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No se observan grandes diferencias entre las estimaciones ni entre los errores est&#225;ndar obtenidos al utilizar una u otra t&#233;cnica cuando la prevalencia es baja&#46; Cuando la prevalencia es alta existen diferencias entre los estimadores y entre los intervalos de confianza&#44; aunque todas las medidas mantienen la significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todos los m&#233;todos propuestos tienen sus pros y sus contras&#44; y debe ser el propio investigador&#47;a quien escoja la t&#233;cnica que mejor se adapte a sus datos y ser coherente a la hora de utilizar un estimador y su interpretaci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The most commonly used measures of association in cross-sectional studies are the odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; and the prevalence ratio &#40;PR&#41;&#46; Some cross-sectional epidemiologic studies describe their results as OR but use the definition of PR&#46; The main aim of this study was to describe and compare different calculation methods for PR described in literature using two situations &#40;prevalence &#60; 20&#37; and prevalence &#62; 20&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A literature search was carried out to determine the most commonly used techniques for estimating the PR&#46; The four most frequent methods were&#58; 1&#41; obtaining the OR using non-conditional logistic regression but using the correct definition&#59; 2&#41; using Breslow-Cox regression&#59; 3&#41; using a generalized linear model with logarithmic transformation and binomial family&#44; and 4&#41; using the conversion formula from OR into PR&#46; The models found were replicated for both situations &#40;prevalence less than 20&#37; and greater than 20&#37;&#41; using real data from the 1994 Catalan Health Interview Survey&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">When prevalence was low&#44; no substantial differences were observed in either the estimators or standard errors obtained using the four procedures&#46; When prevalence was high&#44; differences were found between estimators and confidence intervals although all the measures maintained statistical significance&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All the methods have advantages and disadvantages&#46; Individual researchers should decide which technique is the most appropriate for their data and should be consistent when using an estimator and interpreting it&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 17. Núm. 1.
Páginas 70-74 (enero - febrero 2003)
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Vol. 17. Núm. 1.
Páginas 70-74 (enero - febrero 2003)
Open Access
¿Odds ratio o razón de proporciones? Su utilización en estudios transversales
Odds ratio or prevalence ratio? Their use in cross-sectional studies
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9688
A. Schiaffinoa,*, M. Rodríguezb, M.I. Pasarínb, E. Regidorc, C. Borrellb, E. Fernándeza
a Servei de Prevenció i Control del Cáncer. Institut Català d'Oncologia. Barcelona. España
b Servei d'Informació Sanitària. Institut Municipal de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
c Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Antecedentes

En los estudios transversales las medidas de asociación clásicamente descritas son la razón de odds (odds ratio, OR) y la razón de prevalencias (prevalence ratio, PR). Algunos estudios epidemiológicos con diseño transversal expresan sus resultados en forma de OR, pero utilizan la definición de PR. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es describir y comparar diferentes métodos de cálculo de la PR discutidos en la bibliografía reciente en dos escenarios (prevalencia < 20% y prevalencia > 20%).

Material y métodos

Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para conocer las técnicas más utilizadas para la estimación de la PR. Los 4 procedimientos más empleados fueron: a) seguir obteniendo OR mediante regresión logística no condicional, pero utilizando su definición correcta de OR; b) utilizar una regresión de Breslow-Cox; c) utilizar un modelo lineal generalizado con la transformación logaritmo y familia binomial, y d) utilizar una fórmula de conversión de una OR, obtenida mediante regresión logística tradicional, a una PR. Se han replicado para cada uno de los dos escenarios (prevalencia < 20% y prevalencia > 20%) los modelos hallados utilizando datos reales de la Encuesta de Salud de Catalunya de 1994.

Resultados

No se observan grandes diferencias entre las estimaciones ni entre los errores estándar obtenidos al utilizar una u otra técnica cuando la prevalencia es baja. Cuando la prevalencia es alta existen diferencias entre los estimadores y entre los intervalos de confianza, aunque todas las medidas mantienen la significación estadística.

Conclusión

Todos los métodos propuestos tienen sus pros y sus contras, y debe ser el propio investigador/a quien escoja la técnica que mejor se adapte a sus datos y ser coherente a la hora de utilizar un estimador y su interpretación.

Palabras clave:
Odds ratio
Razón de prevalencias
Estudio transversal
Abstract
Background

The most commonly used measures of association in cross-sectional studies are the odds ratio (OR) and the prevalence ratio (PR). Some cross-sectional epidemiologic studies describe their results as OR but use the definition of PR. The main aim of this study was to describe and compare different calculation methods for PR described in literature using two situations (prevalence < 20% and prevalence > 20%).

Material and methods

A literature search was carried out to determine the most commonly used techniques for estimating the PR. The four most frequent methods were: 1) obtaining the OR using non-conditional logistic regression but using the correct definition; 2) using Breslow-Cox regression; 3) using a generalized linear model with logarithmic transformation and binomial family, and 4) using the conversion formula from OR into PR. The models found were replicated for both situations (prevalence less than 20% and greater than 20%) using real data from the 1994 Catalan Health Interview Survey.

Results

When prevalence was low, no substantial differences were observed in either the estimators or standard errors obtained using the four procedures. When prevalence was high, differences were found between estimators and confidence intervals although all the measures maintained statistical significance.

Conclusion

All the methods have advantages and disadvantages. Individual researchers should decide which technique is the most appropriate for their data and should be consistent when using an estimator and interpreting it.

Key words:
Odds ratio
Prevalence ratio
Cross-sectional study
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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