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"resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los estudios transversales las medidas de asociación clásicamente descritas son la razón de odds (odds ratio, OR) y la razón de prevalencias (prevalence ratio, PR). Algunos estudios epidemiológicos con diseño transversal expresan sus resultados en forma de OR, pero utilizan la definición de PR. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es describir y comparar diferentes métodos de cálculo de la PR discutidos en la bibliografía reciente en dos escenarios (prevalencia < 20% y prevalencia > 20%).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para conocer las técnicas más utilizadas para la estimación de la PR. Los 4 procedimientos más empleados fueron: a) seguir obteniendo OR mediante regresión logística no condicional, pero utilizando su definición correcta de OR; b) utilizar una regresión de Breslow-Cox; c) utilizar un modelo lineal generalizado con la transformación logaritmo y familia binomial, y d) utilizar una fórmula de conversión de una OR, obtenida mediante regresión logística tradicional, a una PR. Se han replicado para cada uno de los dos escenarios (prevalencia < 20% y prevalencia > 20%) los modelos hallados utilizando datos reales de la Encuesta de Salud de Catalunya de 1994.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No se observan grandes diferencias entre las estimaciones ni entre los errores estándar obtenidos al utilizar una u otra técnica cuando la prevalencia es baja. Cuando la prevalencia es alta existen diferencias entre los estimadores y entre los intervalos de confianza, aunque todas las medidas mantienen la significación estadística.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todos los métodos propuestos tienen sus pros y sus contras, y debe ser el propio investigador/a quien escoja la técnica que mejor se adapte a sus datos y ser coherente a la hora de utilizar un estimador y su interpretación.</p>"
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"resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The most commonly used measures of association in cross-sectional studies are the odds ratio (OR) and the prevalence ratio (PR). Some cross-sectional epidemiologic studies describe their results as OR but use the definition of PR. The main aim of this study was to describe and compare different calculation methods for PR described in literature using two situations (prevalence < 20% and prevalence > 20%).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A literature search was carried out to determine the most commonly used techniques for estimating the PR. The four most frequent methods were: 1) obtaining the OR using non-conditional logistic regression but using the correct definition; 2) using Breslow-Cox regression; 3) using a generalized linear model with logarithmic transformation and binomial family, and 4) using the conversion formula from OR into PR. The models found were replicated for both situations (prevalence less than 20% and greater than 20%) using real data from the 1994 Catalan Health Interview Survey.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">When prevalence was low, no substantial differences were observed in either the estimators or standard errors obtained using the four procedures. When prevalence was high, differences were found between estimators and confidence intervals although all the measures maintained statistical significance.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All the methods have advantages and disadvantages. Individual researchers should decide which technique is the most appropriate for their data and should be consistent when using an estimator and interpreting it.</p>"
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