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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los estudios transversales las medidas de asociaci&#243;n cl&#225;sicamente descritas son la raz&#243;n de odds &#40;odds ratio&#44; OR&#41; y la raz&#243;n de prevalencias &#40;prevalence ratio&#44; PR&#41;&#46; Algunos estudios epidemiol&#243;gicos con dise&#241;o transversal expresan sus resultados en forma de OR&#44; pero utilizan la definici&#243;n de PR&#46; El objetivo principal de este trabajo es describir y comparar diferentes m&#233;todos de c&#225;lculo de la PR discutidos en la bibliograf&#237;a reciente en dos escenarios &#40;prevalencia &#60; 20&#37; y prevalencia &#62; 20&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; una b&#250;squeda bibliogr&#225;fica para conocer las t&#233;cnicas m&#225;s utilizadas para la estimaci&#243;n de la PR&#46; Los 4 procedimientos m&#225;s empleados fueron&#58; a&#41; seguir obteniendo OR mediante regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica no condicional&#44; pero utilizando su definici&#243;n correcta de OR&#59; b&#41; utilizar una regresi&#243;n de Breslow-Cox&#59; c&#41; utilizar un modelo lineal generalizado con la transformaci&#243;n logaritmo y familia binomial&#44; y d&#41; utilizar una f&#243;rmula de conversi&#243;n de una OR&#44; obtenida mediante regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica tradicional&#44; a una PR&#46; Se han replicado para cada uno de los dos escenarios &#40;prevalencia &#60; 20&#37; y prevalencia &#62; 20&#37;&#41; los modelos hallados utilizando datos reales de la Encuesta de Salud de Catalunya de 1994&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No se observan grandes diferencias entre las estimaciones ni entre los errores est&#225;ndar obtenidos al utilizar una u otra t&#233;cnica cuando la prevalencia es baja&#46; Cuando la prevalencia es alta existen diferencias entre los estimadores y entre los intervalos de confianza&#44; aunque todas las medidas mantienen la significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todos los m&#233;todos propuestos tienen sus pros y sus contras&#44; y debe ser el propio investigador&#47;a quien escoja la t&#233;cnica que mejor se adapte a sus datos y ser coherente a la hora de utilizar un estimador y su interpretaci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The most commonly used measures of association in cross-sectional studies are the odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; and the prevalence ratio &#40;PR&#41;&#46; Some cross-sectional epidemiologic studies describe their results as OR but use the definition of PR&#46; The main aim of this study was to describe and compare different calculation methods for PR described in literature using two situations &#40;prevalence &#60; 20&#37; and prevalence &#62; 20&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A literature search was carried out to determine the most commonly used techniques for estimating the PR&#46; The four most frequent methods were&#58; 1&#41; obtaining the OR using non-conditional logistic regression but using the correct definition&#59; 2&#41; using Breslow-Cox regression&#59; 3&#41; using a generalized linear model with logarithmic transformation and binomial family&#44; and 4&#41; using the conversion formula from OR into PR&#46; The models found were replicated for both situations &#40;prevalence less than 20&#37; and greater than 20&#37;&#41; using real data from the 1994 Catalan Health Interview Survey&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">When prevalence was low&#44; no substantial differences were observed in either the estimators or standard errors obtained using the four procedures&#46; When prevalence was high&#44; differences were found between estimators and confidence intervals although all the measures maintained statistical significance&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All the methods have advantages and disadvantages&#46; Individual researchers should decide which technique is the most appropriate for their data and should be consistent when using an estimator and interpreting it&#46;</p>"
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