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        "resumen" => "<span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mejora de la coordinaci&#243;n asistencial es una prioridad para muchos sistemas de salud y&#44; especialmente&#44; para la atenci&#243;n de problemas de salud cr&#243;nicos en los que intervienen m&#250;ltiples profesionales y servicios&#46; La abundancia de estrategias y mecanismos de coordinaci&#243;n promovidos requiere una sistematizaci&#243;n que ayude a utilizarlos de forma adecuada&#46; El objetivo del art&#237;culo es analizar la coordinaci&#243;n asistencial y sus instrumentos&#44; a partir de la teor&#237;a organizacional&#46; Los mecanismos se pueden clasificar seg&#250;n el proceso b&#225;sico utilizado para la coordinaci&#243;n de las actividades&#44; programaci&#243;n o retroalimentaci&#243;n&#46; La combinaci&#243;n &#243;ptima de mecanismos depender&#225; de 3 factores&#58; grado de diferenciaci&#243;n de las actividades asistenciales&#44; volumen y tipo de interdependencies y grado de incertidumbre&#46; Hist&#243;ricamente&#44; los servicios sanitarios han confiado la coordinaci&#243;n a la estandarizaci&#243;n de las habilidades y&#44; de manera m&#225;s reciente&#44; de los procesos mediante gu&#237;as&#44; mapas y planes&#46; Su utilizaci&#243;n resulta insuficiente para enfermedades cr&#243;nicas en las que intervienen diversos profesionales con interdependencias rec&#237;procas&#44; variabilidad en la respuesta y un volumen de informaci&#243;n procesada elevado&#46; En este caso&#44; son m&#225;s efectivos los mecanismos basados en la retroalimentaci&#243;n&#44; como grupos de trabajo&#44; profesionales de enlace y sistemas de informaci&#243;n vertical&#46; La evaluaci&#243;n de la coordinaci&#243;n asistencial ha sido realizada hasta el momento de forma poco sistem&#225;tica&#44; mediante la utilizaci&#243;n de indicadores de estructura&#44; proceso y resultado&#46; Las diversas estrategias e instrumentos se han aplicado&#44; sobre todo&#44; en los niveles sociosanitario y de salud mental&#59; uno de los retos para la coordinaci&#243;n es extender y evaluar su uso a lo largo del continuo asistencial&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Improving healthcare coordination is a priority in many healthcare systems&#44; particularly in chronic health problems in which a number of professionals and services intervene&#46; There is an abundance of coordination strategies and mechanisms that should be systematized so that they can be used in the most appropriate context&#46; The present article aims to analyse healthcare coordination and its instruments using the organizational theory&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Coordination mechanisms can be classified according to two basic processes used to coordinate activities&#58; programming and feedback&#46; The optimal combination of mechanisms will depend on three factors&#58; the degree to which healthcare activities are differentiated&#44; the volume and type of interdependencies&#44; and the level of uncertainty&#46; Historically&#44; healthcare services have based coordination on skills standardization and&#44; most recently&#44; on processes standardization&#44; through clinical guidelines&#44; maps&#44; and plans&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Their utilisation is unsatisfactory in chronic diseases involving intervention by several professionals with reciprocal interdependencies&#44; variability in patients&#8217; response to medical interventions&#44; and a large volume of information to be processed&#46; In this case&#44; mechanisms based on feedback&#44; such as working groups&#44; linking professionals and vertical information systems&#44; are more effective&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To date&#44; evaluation of healthcare coordination has not been conducted systematically&#44; using structure&#44; process and results indicators&#46; The different strategies and instruments have been applied mainly to long-term care and mental health and one of the challenges to healthcare coordination is to extend and evaluate their use throughout the healthcare continuum&#46;</p></span>"
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Vol. 20. Núm. 6.
Páginas 485-495 (noviembre 2006)
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Vol. 20. Núm. 6.
Páginas 485-495 (noviembre 2006)
Revisión
Open Access
La coordinación entre niveles asistenciales: una sistematización de sus instrumentos y medidas
Coordination among healthcare levels: systematization of tools and measures
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Rebeca Terraza Núñez
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rterraza@chc.es

Correspondencia: Dra. Rebeca Terraza Núñez. Servei d’Estudis i Prospectives en Polítiques de Salut. Consorci Hospitalari de Catalunya. Avda. Tibidabo, 21. 08022 Barcelona. España.
, Ingrid Vargas Lorenzo, María Luisa Vázquez Navarrete
Servei d’Estudis i Prospectives en Polítiques de Salut, Consorci Hospitalari de Catalunya, Barcelona, España
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La mejora de la coordinación asistencial es una prioridad para muchos sistemas de salud y, especialmente, para la atención de problemas de salud crónicos en los que intervienen múltiples profesionales y servicios. La abundancia de estrategias y mecanismos de coordinación promovidos requiere una sistematización que ayude a utilizarlos de forma adecuada. El objetivo del artículo es analizar la coordinación asistencial y sus instrumentos, a partir de la teoría organizacional. Los mecanismos se pueden clasificar según el proceso básico utilizado para la coordinación de las actividades, programación o retroalimentación. La combinación óptima de mecanismos dependerá de 3 factores: grado de diferenciación de las actividades asistenciales, volumen y tipo de interdependencies y grado de incertidumbre. Históricamente, los servicios sanitarios han confiado la coordinación a la estandarización de las habilidades y, de manera más reciente, de los procesos mediante guías, mapas y planes. Su utilización resulta insuficiente para enfermedades crónicas en las que intervienen diversos profesionales con interdependencias recíprocas, variabilidad en la respuesta y un volumen de información procesada elevado. En este caso, son más efectivos los mecanismos basados en la retroalimentación, como grupos de trabajo, profesionales de enlace y sistemas de información vertical. La evaluación de la coordinación asistencial ha sido realizada hasta el momento de forma poco sistemática, mediante la utilización de indicadores de estructura, proceso y resultado. Las diversas estrategias e instrumentos se han aplicado, sobre todo, en los niveles sociosanitario y de salud mental; uno de los retos para la coordinación es extender y evaluar su uso a lo largo del continuo asistencial.

Palabras clave:
Coordinación asistencial
Continuidad en la atención
Relación entre niveles asistenciales
Mecanismos de coordinación asistencial
Evaluación de la coordinación asistencial
Estrategias de coordinación asistencial
Abstract

Improving healthcare coordination is a priority in many healthcare systems, particularly in chronic health problems in which a number of professionals and services intervene. There is an abundance of coordination strategies and mechanisms that should be systematized so that they can be used in the most appropriate context. The present article aims to analyse healthcare coordination and its instruments using the organizational theory.

Coordination mechanisms can be classified according to two basic processes used to coordinate activities: programming and feedback. The optimal combination of mechanisms will depend on three factors: the degree to which healthcare activities are differentiated, the volume and type of interdependencies, and the level of uncertainty. Historically, healthcare services have based coordination on skills standardization and, most recently, on processes standardization, through clinical guidelines, maps, and plans.

Their utilisation is unsatisfactory in chronic diseases involving intervention by several professionals with reciprocal interdependencies, variability in patients’ response to medical interventions, and a large volume of information to be processed. In this case, mechanisms based on feedback, such as working groups, linking professionals and vertical information systems, are more effective.

To date, evaluation of healthcare coordination has not been conducted systematically, using structure, process and results indicators. The different strategies and instruments have been applied mainly to long-term care and mental health and one of the challenges to healthcare coordination is to extend and evaluate their use throughout the healthcare continuum.

Key words:
Healthcare coordination
Continuity of care
Relationship between healthcare levels
Healthcare coordination mechanisms
Healthcare coordination evaluation
Healthcare coordination strategies
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