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        "titulo" => "&#40;KEZKAK&#58; erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresoreen galdeketa elebiduna"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Construir y validar un cuestionario biling&#252;e &#40;castellano&#47; euskera&#41; para medir los estresores que tienen los estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a en las pr&#225;cticas cl&#237;nicas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha partido de las ideas recogidas fundamentalmente en reuniones realizadas con los alumnos&#46; En un primer momento 287 estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a de la Escuela de Enfermer&#237;a de San Sebasti&#225;n respondieron a la versi&#243;n inicial de 55 &#237;temes y al cuestionario STAI de ansiedad&#46; Tras la depuraci&#243;n por &#237;tem-an&#225;lisis&#44; se ha obtenido la versi&#243;n final de 41 &#237;temes&#46; Algunos de los sujetos respondieron nuevamente la versi&#243;n final a los 2 meses &#40;n &#61; 198&#41; y a los 6 meses &#40;n &#61; 211&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cuestionario presenta una alta consistencia interna &#40;&#945; de Cronbach&#44; 0&#44;95&#41;&#44; una fiabilidad considerable &#40;0&#44;72 a los 2 meses y 0&#44;68 a los 6 meses&#41;&#44; y una validez concurrente aceptable &#40;0&#44;39 con ansiedad-rasgo&#41;&#46; El an&#225;lisis factorial arroja nueve factores que tienen una alta consistencia interna y explican el 64&#44;4&#37; de la varianza&#46; Seg&#250;n esos factores&#44; los principales estresores para los estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a en las pr&#225;cticas cl&#237;nicas se derivan de la falta de competencia &#40;11&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; del contacto con el sufrimiento &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; de la relaci&#243;n con tutores y compa&#241;eros &#40;8&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; de la impotencia e incertidumbre &#40;7&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; de no controlar la relaci&#243;n con el enfermo &#40;7&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; de la implicaci&#243;n emocional &#40;5&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; de la relaci&#243;n con el enfermo &#40;da&#241;arse en la relaci&#243;n &#91;5&#44;2&#37;&#93; y el enfermo busca una relaci&#243;n &#237;ntima &#91;4&#44;6&#37;&#93;&#41; y de la sobrecarga &#40;4&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Se discuten aspectos metodol&#243;gicos y pr&#225;cticos del cuestionario y su utilidad en la planificaci&#243;n pedag&#243;gica de futuras enfermeras&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cuestionario KEZKAK es un instrumento &#250;til para medir los estresores de los estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a en las pr&#225;cticas cl&#237;nicas&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Laburpena"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Helburua</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresore edo faktore estresagarriak neurtzeko galdeketa elebiduna &#40;gaztelania-euskera&#41; eraiki eta balioztatzea&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodoak</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ikasleekin eginiko bileretan bildu ditugun ideietatik abiatu gara&#46; Lehen momentuan&#44; Donostiako Erizaintza Eskolako 287 ikaslek&#44; 55 itemetako lehenengo bertsioa bete zuten&#44; eta&#44; baita ere&#44; larritasuna neurtzeko STAI galdeketa&#46; Item-analisiz eginiko garbiketaren ondoren&#44; 41 itemetako azken bertsioa lortu dugu&#46; Ikasle batzuek berriz bete zuten azken bertsioa&#44; 2 hilabete &#40;n &#61; 198&#41; eta 6 hilabete &#40;n &#61; 211&#41; geroago&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Emaitzak</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Galdeketak barne trinkotasun garrantzitsua du &#40;Cronbach-en &#945; 0&#44;95&#41;&#44; fidagarritasun nabarmena &#40;0&#44;72 bi hilabetera eta 0&#44;68 sei hilabetera&#41;&#44; eta onartzeko moduko konkurrentzi baliagarritasuna &#40;0&#44;39 larritasunerako joerarekin&#41;&#46; Analisi faktorialak 9 faktoretan biltzen ditu itemak&#46; Faktoreek barne egonkortasun handia dute eta aldagarritasunaren &#37; 64&#44;4 azaltzen dute&#46; Faktore horietan oinarrituta&#44; esan genezake ikasleei praktika klinikoetan gehien estresatzen diena ondorengo hauek direla&#58; gaitasun eza &#40;&#37; 11&#44;2&#41;&#44; oinazearekin kontaktua &#40;&#37; 9&#44;1&#41;&#44; tutore eta lankideekiko harremana &#40;&#37; 8&#44;9&#41;&#44; ezina eta ziurgabetasuna &#40;&#37; 7&#44;7&#41;&#44; gaixoarekiko harremana ez kontrolatzea &#40;&#37; 7&#44;6&#41;&#44; inplikazio emozionala &#40;&#37; 5&#44;8&#41;&#44; gaixoarekiko harremanean mina hartzea &#40;&#37; 5&#44;2&#41;&#44; gaixoak harreman estua bilatzea &#40;&#37; 4&#44;6&#41; eta gainzama &#40;&#37; 4&#44;3&#41;&#46; Galdeketaren alde metodologiko eta praktikoak eztabaidatzen dira&#44; eta baita ere&#44; etorkizuneko erizainen prestakuntzaren planifikazioan izan dezakeen erabilgarritasuna&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Ondoriorak</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">KEZKAK galdeketa erabilgarria da erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresoreak neurtzeko&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To develop a bilingual questionnaire &#40;Basque-Spanish&#41; to measure nursing students&#8217; stressors in clinical practice&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ideas were gathered from nursing students in group discussions&#46; Initially&#44; 287 nursing students from the School of Nursing in San Sebastian &#40;Spain&#41; completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory &#40;STAI&#41; and the 55-item version of our questionnaire&#46; After analyzing the items&#44; we selected 41 items for the final version&#46; Some of the subjects completed this final version two &#40;198 &#61; 198&#41; and six months &#40;n &#61; 211&#41; later&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaire presented high internal consistency &#40;Cronbach&#39;s &#945;&#58; 0&#46;95&#41;&#44; considerable reliability &#40;Spearman&#39;s correlation&#58; 0&#46;72 at two months and 0&#46;68 at six months&#41;&#44; and acceptable concurrent validity &#40;Spearman&#39;s correlation with anxiety&#58; 0&#46;39&#41;&#46; Factor analysis produced nine factors&#44; with high internal consistency&#44; which explained 64&#46;4&#37; of the variance&#46; Based on these factors&#44; the main stressors for nursing students in the workplace were produced by lack of competence &#40;11&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; contact with suffering &#40;9&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; relationships with tutors&#44; workmates and classmates &#40;8&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; uncertainty and impotence &#40;7&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; lack of control in relationships with patients &#40;7&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; emotional involvement &#40;5&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; relationships with patients &#91;being harmed by the relationship &#40;5&#46;2&#37;&#41; and patients seeking a close relationship &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#93;&#44; and overwork &#40;4&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Methodological and practice aspects of the questionnaire are discussed&#44; as well as its utility in planning the training of future nurses&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The KEZKAK questionnaire is a useful instrument for measuring nursing students&#39; stressors in clinical practice&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 17. Núm. 1.
Páginas 37-51 (enero - febrero 2003)
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Vol. 17. Núm. 1.
Páginas 37-51 (enero - febrero 2003)
Open Access
Kezkak: cuestionario bilingüe de estresores de los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas
(KEZKAK: erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresoreen galdeketa elebiduna
KEZKAK: a new bilingual questionnaire to measure nursing students’ stressors in clinical practice
Visitas
14244
X.Zupiria Gorostidi
Autor para correspondencia
ngpzugox@sc.ehu.es

Correspondencia: Xabier Zupiria Gorostidi. Donostiako Erizaintza Eskola. Dr. Begiristain pasealekua, 105. 20080 Donostia. España.
, M.J. Uranga Iturriotz, M.J. Alberdi Erize, M.Barandiaran Lasa
Departamento Enfermería II. Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería de Donostia-San Sebastián. Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco. San Sebastián. España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Construir y validar un cuestionario bilingüe (castellano/ euskera) para medir los estresores que tienen los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas.

Metodos

Se ha partido de las ideas recogidas fundamentalmente en reuniones realizadas con los alumnos. En un primer momento 287 estudiantes de enfermería de la Escuela de Enfermería de San Sebastián respondieron a la versión inicial de 55 ítemes y al cuestionario STAI de ansiedad. Tras la depuración por ítem-análisis, se ha obtenido la versión final de 41 ítemes. Algunos de los sujetos respondieron nuevamente la versión final a los 2 meses (n = 198) y a los 6 meses (n = 211).

Resultados

El cuestionario presenta una alta consistencia interna (α de Cronbach, 0,95), una fiabilidad considerable (0,72 a los 2 meses y 0,68 a los 6 meses), y una validez concurrente aceptable (0,39 con ansiedad-rasgo). El análisis factorial arroja nueve factores que tienen una alta consistencia interna y explican el 64,4% de la varianza. Según esos factores, los principales estresores para los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas se derivan de la falta de competencia (11,2%), del contacto con el sufrimiento (9,1%), de la relación con tutores y compañeros (8,9%), de la impotencia e incertidumbre (7,7%), de no controlar la relación con el enfermo (7,6%), de la implicación emocional (5,8%), de la relación con el enfermo (dañarse en la relación [5,2%] y el enfermo busca una relación íntima [4,6%]) y de la sobrecarga (4,3%). Se discuten aspectos metodológicos y prácticos del cuestionario y su utilidad en la planificación pedagógica de futuras enfermeras.

Conclusion

El cuestionario KEZKAK es un instrumento útil para medir los estresores de los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas.

Palabras clave:
Fiabilidad
Validez de constructo
Estresores
Alumnos de enfermería
Escala
Práctica clínica
Laburpena
Helburua

Erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresore edo faktore estresagarriak neurtzeko galdeketa elebiduna (gaztelania-euskera) eraiki eta balioztatzea.

Metodoak

Ikasleekin eginiko bileretan bildu ditugun ideietatik abiatu gara. Lehen momentuan, Donostiako Erizaintza Eskolako 287 ikaslek, 55 itemetako lehenengo bertsioa bete zuten, eta, baita ere, larritasuna neurtzeko STAI galdeketa. Item-analisiz eginiko garbiketaren ondoren, 41 itemetako azken bertsioa lortu dugu. Ikasle batzuek berriz bete zuten azken bertsioa, 2 hilabete (n = 198) eta 6 hilabete (n = 211) geroago.

Emaitzak

Galdeketak barne trinkotasun garrantzitsua du (Cronbach-en α 0,95), fidagarritasun nabarmena (0,72 bi hilabetera eta 0,68 sei hilabetera), eta onartzeko moduko konkurrentzi baliagarritasuna (0,39 larritasunerako joerarekin). Analisi faktorialak 9 faktoretan biltzen ditu itemak. Faktoreek barne egonkortasun handia dute eta aldagarritasunaren % 64,4 azaltzen dute. Faktore horietan oinarrituta, esan genezake ikasleei praktika klinikoetan gehien estresatzen diena ondorengo hauek direla: gaitasun eza (% 11,2), oinazearekin kontaktua (% 9,1), tutore eta lankideekiko harremana (% 8,9), ezina eta ziurgabetasuna (% 7,7), gaixoarekiko harremana ez kontrolatzea (% 7,6), inplikazio emozionala (% 5,8), gaixoarekiko harremanean mina hartzea (% 5,2), gaixoak harreman estua bilatzea (% 4,6) eta gainzama (% 4,3). Galdeketaren alde metodologiko eta praktikoak eztabaidatzen dira, eta baita ere, etorkizuneko erizainen prestakuntzaren planifikazioan izan dezakeen erabilgarritasuna.

Ondoriorak

KEZKAK galdeketa erabilgarria da erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresoreak neurtzeko.

Hitz-gakoak:
Fidagarritasuna
konstruktu baliagarritasuna
estresoreak
erizaintzako ikasleak
eskala
praktika klinikoak
Abstract
Objective

To develop a bilingual questionnaire (Basque-Spanish) to measure nursing students’ stressors in clinical practice.

Methods

Ideas were gathered from nursing students in group discussions. Initially, 287 nursing students from the School of Nursing in San Sebastian (Spain) completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the 55-item version of our questionnaire. After analyzing the items, we selected 41 items for the final version. Some of the subjects completed this final version two (198 = 198) and six months (n = 211) later.

Results

The questionnaire presented high internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.95), considerable reliability (Spearman's correlation: 0.72 at two months and 0.68 at six months), and acceptable concurrent validity (Spearman's correlation with anxiety: 0.39). Factor analysis produced nine factors, with high internal consistency, which explained 64.4% of the variance. Based on these factors, the main stressors for nursing students in the workplace were produced by lack of competence (11.2%), contact with suffering (9.1%), relationships with tutors, workmates and classmates (8.9%), uncertainty and impotence (7.7%), lack of control in relationships with patients (7.6%), emotional involvement (5.8%), relationships with patients [being harmed by the relationship (5.2%) and patients seeking a close relationship (4.6%)], and overwork (4.3%). Methodological and practice aspects of the questionnaire are discussed, as well as its utility in planning the training of future nurses.

Conclusion

The KEZKAK questionnaire is a useful instrument for measuring nursing students' stressors in clinical practice.

Key words:
Reliability
Construct validity
Stressors
Nursing students
Scale
Clinical practice
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
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