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        "titulo" => "&#40;KEZKAK&#58; erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresoreen galdeketa elebiduna"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Construir y validar un cuestionario biling&#252;e &#40;castellano&#47; euskera&#41; para medir los estresores que tienen los estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a en las pr&#225;cticas cl&#237;nicas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha partido de las ideas recogidas fundamentalmente en reuniones realizadas con los alumnos&#46; En un primer momento 287 estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a de la Escuela de Enfermer&#237;a de San Sebasti&#225;n respondieron a la versi&#243;n inicial de 55 &#237;temes y al cuestionario STAI de ansiedad&#46; Tras la depuraci&#243;n por &#237;tem-an&#225;lisis&#44; se ha obtenido la versi&#243;n final de 41 &#237;temes&#46; Algunos de los sujetos respondieron nuevamente la versi&#243;n final a los 2 meses &#40;n &#61; 198&#41; y a los 6 meses &#40;n &#61; 211&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cuestionario presenta una alta consistencia interna &#40;&#945; de Cronbach&#44; 0&#44;95&#41;&#44; una fiabilidad considerable &#40;0&#44;72 a los 2 meses y 0&#44;68 a los 6 meses&#41;&#44; y una validez concurrente aceptable &#40;0&#44;39 con ansiedad-rasgo&#41;&#46; El an&#225;lisis factorial arroja nueve factores que tienen una alta consistencia interna y explican el 64&#44;4&#37; de la varianza&#46; Seg&#250;n esos factores&#44; los principales estresores para los estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a en las pr&#225;cticas cl&#237;nicas se derivan de la falta de competencia &#40;11&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; del contacto con el sufrimiento &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; de la relaci&#243;n con tutores y compa&#241;eros &#40;8&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; de la impotencia e incertidumbre &#40;7&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; de no controlar la relaci&#243;n con el enfermo &#40;7&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; de la implicaci&#243;n emocional &#40;5&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; de la relaci&#243;n con el enfermo &#40;da&#241;arse en la relaci&#243;n &#91;5&#44;2&#37;&#93; y el enfermo busca una relaci&#243;n &#237;ntima &#91;4&#44;6&#37;&#93;&#41; y de la sobrecarga &#40;4&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Se discuten aspectos metodol&#243;gicos y pr&#225;cticos del cuestionario y su utilidad en la planificaci&#243;n pedag&#243;gica de futuras enfermeras&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cuestionario KEZKAK es un instrumento &#250;til para medir los estresores de los estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a en las pr&#225;cticas cl&#237;nicas&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Laburpena"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Helburua</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresore edo faktore estresagarriak neurtzeko galdeketa elebiduna &#40;gaztelania-euskera&#41; eraiki eta balioztatzea&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodoak</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ikasleekin eginiko bileretan bildu ditugun ideietatik abiatu gara&#46; Lehen momentuan&#44; Donostiako Erizaintza Eskolako 287 ikaslek&#44; 55 itemetako lehenengo bertsioa bete zuten&#44; eta&#44; baita ere&#44; larritasuna neurtzeko STAI galdeketa&#46; Item-analisiz eginiko garbiketaren ondoren&#44; 41 itemetako azken bertsioa lortu dugu&#46; Ikasle batzuek berriz bete zuten azken bertsioa&#44; 2 hilabete &#40;n &#61; 198&#41; eta 6 hilabete &#40;n &#61; 211&#41; geroago&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Emaitzak</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Galdeketak barne trinkotasun garrantzitsua du &#40;Cronbach-en &#945; 0&#44;95&#41;&#44; fidagarritasun nabarmena &#40;0&#44;72 bi hilabetera eta 0&#44;68 sei hilabetera&#41;&#44; eta onartzeko moduko konkurrentzi baliagarritasuna &#40;0&#44;39 larritasunerako joerarekin&#41;&#46; Analisi faktorialak 9 faktoretan biltzen ditu itemak&#46; Faktoreek barne egonkortasun handia dute eta aldagarritasunaren &#37; 64&#44;4 azaltzen dute&#46; Faktore horietan oinarrituta&#44; esan genezake ikasleei praktika klinikoetan gehien estresatzen diena ondorengo hauek direla&#58; gaitasun eza &#40;&#37; 11&#44;2&#41;&#44; oinazearekin kontaktua &#40;&#37; 9&#44;1&#41;&#44; tutore eta lankideekiko harremana &#40;&#37; 8&#44;9&#41;&#44; ezina eta ziurgabetasuna &#40;&#37; 7&#44;7&#41;&#44; gaixoarekiko harremana ez kontrolatzea &#40;&#37; 7&#44;6&#41;&#44; inplikazio emozionala &#40;&#37; 5&#44;8&#41;&#44; gaixoarekiko harremanean mina hartzea &#40;&#37; 5&#44;2&#41;&#44; gaixoak harreman estua bilatzea &#40;&#37; 4&#44;6&#41; eta gainzama &#40;&#37; 4&#44;3&#41;&#46; Galdeketaren alde metodologiko eta praktikoak eztabaidatzen dira&#44; eta baita ere&#44; etorkizuneko erizainen prestakuntzaren planifikazioan izan dezakeen erabilgarritasuna&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Ondoriorak</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">KEZKAK galdeketa erabilgarria da erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresoreak neurtzeko&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To develop a bilingual questionnaire &#40;Basque-Spanish&#41; to measure nursing students&#8217; stressors in clinical practice&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ideas were gathered from nursing students in group discussions&#46; Initially&#44; 287 nursing students from the School of Nursing in San Sebastian &#40;Spain&#41; completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory &#40;STAI&#41; and the 55-item version of our questionnaire&#46; After analyzing the items&#44; we selected 41 items for the final version&#46; Some of the subjects completed this final version two &#40;198 &#61; 198&#41; and six months &#40;n &#61; 211&#41; later&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaire presented high internal consistency &#40;Cronbach&#39;s &#945;&#58; 0&#46;95&#41;&#44; considerable reliability &#40;Spearman&#39;s correlation&#58; 0&#46;72 at two months and 0&#46;68 at six months&#41;&#44; and acceptable concurrent validity &#40;Spearman&#39;s correlation with anxiety&#58; 0&#46;39&#41;&#46; Factor analysis produced nine factors&#44; with high internal consistency&#44; which explained 64&#46;4&#37; of the variance&#46; Based on these factors&#44; the main stressors for nursing students in the workplace were produced by lack of competence &#40;11&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; contact with suffering &#40;9&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; relationships with tutors&#44; workmates and classmates &#40;8&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; uncertainty and impotence &#40;7&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; lack of control in relationships with patients &#40;7&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; emotional involvement &#40;5&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; relationships with patients &#91;being harmed by the relationship &#40;5&#46;2&#37;&#41; and patients seeking a close relationship &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#93;&#44; and overwork &#40;4&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Methodological and practice aspects of the questionnaire are discussed&#44; as well as its utility in planning the training of future nurses&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The KEZKAK questionnaire is a useful instrument for measuring nursing students&#39; stressors in clinical practice&#46;</p>"
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Kezkak: cuestionario bilingüe de estresores de los estudiantes de enfermería en las prácticas clínicas
(KEZKAK: erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresoreen galdeketa elebiduna
KEZKAK: a new bilingual questionnaire to measure nursing students’ stressors in clinical practice
X.Zupiria Gorostidi
Autor para correspondencia
ngpzugox@sc.ehu.es

Correspondencia: Xabier Zupiria Gorostidi. Donostiako Erizaintza Eskola. Dr. Begiristain pasealekua, 105. 20080 Donostia. España.
, M.J. Uranga Iturriotz, M.J. Alberdi Erize, M.Barandiaran Lasa
Departamento Enfermería II. Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería de Donostia-San Sebastián. Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco. San Sebastián. España
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Construir y validar un cuestionario biling&#252;e &#40;castellano&#47; euskera&#41; para medir los estresores que tienen los estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a en las pr&#225;cticas cl&#237;nicas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha partido de las ideas recogidas fundamentalmente en reuniones realizadas con los alumnos&#46; En un primer momento 287 estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a de la Escuela de Enfermer&#237;a de San Sebasti&#225;n respondieron a la versi&#243;n inicial de 55 &#237;temes y al cuestionario STAI de ansiedad&#46; Tras la depuraci&#243;n por &#237;tem-an&#225;lisis&#44; se ha obtenido la versi&#243;n final de 41 &#237;temes&#46; Algunos de los sujetos respondieron nuevamente la versi&#243;n final a los 2 meses &#40;n &#61; 198&#41; y a los 6 meses &#40;n &#61; 211&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cuestionario presenta una alta consistencia interna &#40;&#945; de Cronbach&#44; 0&#44;95&#41;&#44; una fiabilidad considerable &#40;0&#44;72 a los 2 meses y 0&#44;68 a los 6 meses&#41;&#44; y una validez concurrente aceptable &#40;0&#44;39 con ansiedad-rasgo&#41;&#46; El an&#225;lisis factorial arroja nueve factores que tienen una alta consistencia interna y explican el 64&#44;4&#37; de la varianza&#46; Seg&#250;n esos factores&#44; los principales estresores para los estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a en las pr&#225;cticas cl&#237;nicas se derivan de la falta de competencia &#40;11&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; del contacto con el sufrimiento &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; de la relaci&#243;n con tutores y compa&#241;eros &#40;8&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; de la impotencia e incertidumbre &#40;7&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; de no controlar la relaci&#243;n con el enfermo &#40;7&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; de la implicaci&#243;n emocional &#40;5&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#44; de la relaci&#243;n con el enfermo &#40;da&#241;arse en la relaci&#243;n &#91;5&#44;2&#37;&#93; y el enfermo busca una relaci&#243;n &#237;ntima &#91;4&#44;6&#37;&#93;&#41; y de la sobrecarga &#40;4&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Se discuten aspectos metodol&#243;gicos y pr&#225;cticos del cuestionario y su utilidad en la planificaci&#243;n pedag&#243;gica de futuras enfermeras&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cuestionario KEZKAK es un instrumento &#250;til para medir los estresores de los estudiantes de enfermer&#237;a en las pr&#225;cticas cl&#237;nicas&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Helburua</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresore edo faktore estresagarriak neurtzeko galdeketa elebiduna &#40;gaztelania-euskera&#41; eraiki eta balioztatzea&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Metodoak</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ikasleekin eginiko bileretan bildu ditugun ideietatik abiatu gara&#46; Lehen momentuan&#44; Donostiako Erizaintza Eskolako 287 ikaslek&#44; 55 itemetako lehenengo bertsioa bete zuten&#44; eta&#44; baita ere&#44; larritasuna neurtzeko STAI galdeketa&#46; Item-analisiz eginiko garbiketaren ondoren&#44; 41 itemetako azken bertsioa lortu dugu&#46; Ikasle batzuek berriz bete zuten azken bertsioa&#44; 2 hilabete &#40;n &#61; 198&#41; eta 6 hilabete &#40;n &#61; 211&#41; geroago&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Emaitzak</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Galdeketak barne trinkotasun garrantzitsua du &#40;Cronbach-en &#945; 0&#44;95&#41;&#44; fidagarritasun nabarmena &#40;0&#44;72 bi hilabetera eta 0&#44;68 sei hilabetera&#41;&#44; eta onartzeko moduko konkurrentzi baliagarritasuna &#40;0&#44;39 larritasunerako joerarekin&#41;&#46; Analisi faktorialak 9 faktoretan biltzen ditu itemak&#46; Faktoreek barne egonkortasun handia dute eta aldagarritasunaren &#37; 64&#44;4 azaltzen dute&#46; Faktore horietan oinarrituta&#44; esan genezake ikasleei praktika klinikoetan gehien estresatzen diena ondorengo hauek direla&#58; gaitasun eza &#40;&#37; 11&#44;2&#41;&#44; oinazearekin kontaktua &#40;&#37; 9&#44;1&#41;&#44; tutore eta lankideekiko harremana &#40;&#37; 8&#44;9&#41;&#44; ezina eta ziurgabetasuna &#40;&#37; 7&#44;7&#41;&#44; gaixoarekiko harremana ez kontrolatzea &#40;&#37; 7&#44;6&#41;&#44; inplikazio emozionala &#40;&#37; 5&#44;8&#41;&#44; gaixoarekiko harremanean mina hartzea &#40;&#37; 5&#44;2&#41;&#44; gaixoak harreman estua bilatzea &#40;&#37; 4&#44;6&#41; eta gainzama &#40;&#37; 4&#44;3&#41;&#46; Galdeketaren alde metodologiko eta praktikoak eztabaidatzen dira&#44; eta baita ere&#44; etorkizuneko erizainen prestakuntzaren planifikazioan izan dezakeen erabilgarritasuna&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Ondoriorak</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">KEZKAK galdeketa erabilgarria da erizaintzako ikasleek praktika klinikoetan dituzten estresoreak neurtzeko&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To develop a bilingual questionnaire &#40;Basque-Spanish&#41; to measure nursing students&#8217; stressors in clinical practice&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ideas were gathered from nursing students in group discussions&#46; Initially&#44; 287 nursing students from the School of Nursing in San Sebastian &#40;Spain&#41; completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory &#40;STAI&#41; and the 55-item version of our questionnaire&#46; After analyzing the items&#44; we selected 41 items for the final version&#46; Some of the subjects completed this final version two &#40;198 &#61; 198&#41; and six months &#40;n &#61; 211&#41; later&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaire presented high internal consistency &#40;Cronbach&#39;s &#945;&#58; 0&#46;95&#41;&#44; considerable reliability &#40;Spearman&#39;s correlation&#58; 0&#46;72 at two months and 0&#46;68 at six months&#41;&#44; and acceptable concurrent validity &#40;Spearman&#39;s correlation with anxiety&#58; 0&#46;39&#41;&#46; Factor analysis produced nine factors&#44; with high internal consistency&#44; which explained 64&#46;4&#37; of the variance&#46; Based on these factors&#44; the main stressors for nursing students in the workplace were produced by lack of competence &#40;11&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; contact with suffering &#40;9&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; relationships with tutors&#44; workmates and classmates &#40;8&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; uncertainty and impotence &#40;7&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; lack of control in relationships with patients &#40;7&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; emotional involvement &#40;5&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; relationships with patients &#91;being harmed by the relationship &#40;5&#46;2&#37;&#41; and patients seeking a close relationship &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#93;&#44; and overwork &#40;4&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Methodological and practice aspects of the questionnaire are discussed&#44; as well as its utility in planning the training of future nurses&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The KEZKAK questionnaire is a useful instrument for measuring nursing students&#39; stressors in clinical practice&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 02139111
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