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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Advances in genomic analysis technologies have led to the development of new diagnostic tests with clinical application&#46;Therefore&#44; as in other diagnostic fields&#44; awareness of the methodological limitations of genetic investigation will facilitate the application of the results&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">44 articles which studied the diagnostic accuracy of genetic&#44; molecular and proteomic tests&#44; and published in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">JAMA&#44; Lancet&#44; New England Journal of Medicine&#44; Cancer Research y Clinical Cancer Research</span> from 2002 to June 2005 were analysed&#46; 24 methodological criteria of the STARD guide &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy</span>&#41; were applied&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean number of methodological criteria satisfied was 9&#46;8 &#40;95&#37;&#44; CI 8&#46;8-10&#46;6&#41;&#44; with the greatest deficiencies observed in the aspects related to the description of patient selection&#44; 9 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&#44; the treatment of indeterminate results&#44; 5 &#40;11&#37;&#41;&#44; and the determination of the technique&#39;s reproducibility&#44; 6 &#40;13&#37;&#41;&#46; In contrast&#44; a high frequency was observed in the description of the reference standard&#44; 39 &#40;87&#37;&#41;&#44; and the method used&#44; 28 &#40;62&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The articles evaluated fail to fulfil many of the quality requirements laid out in the STARD proposal&#44; with the methodological quality being lower than in other diagnostic fields&#46; The aspects most in need of improvement are those related to the description of patient selection and the determination of reproducibility&#46; Research and progress in new genetic-molecular technologies require improved fulfilment of the epidemiological and clinical standards which are already applied by other diagnostic fields&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El avance en las tecnolog&#237;as del an&#225;lisis gen&#243;mico ha supuesto el desarrollo de nuevas pruebas diagn&#243;sticas con potencial aplicaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica&#46; As&#237; como ha sucedido en otros campos del diagn&#243;stico&#44; conocer las limitaciones metodol&#243;gicas de la investigaci&#243;n en gen&#233;tica facilitar&#225; la aplicaci&#243;n de sus resultados&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron 44 art&#237;culos publicados en <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">JAMA&#44; Lancet&#44; New England Journal of Medicine&#44; Cancer Research y Clinical Cancer Research</span>&#44; de 2002 a junio de 2005&#44; que estudiaban la exactitud diagn&#243;stica de pruebas gen&#233;ticas&#44; moleculares y de prote&#243;mica&#46; Se aplicaron 24 criterios metodol&#243;gicos de la gu&#237;a STARD &#40;Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La media de cumplimiento de los criterios aplicados fue de 9&#44;8 &#40;intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; del 95&#37;&#44; 8&#44;8-10&#44;6&#41;&#44; y las mayores deficiencias se observaron en los aspectos relacionados con la descripci&#243;n de la selecci&#243;n de los pacientes &#40;9&#59; 20&#37;&#41;&#44; el tratamiento de los resultados indeterminados &#40;5&#59;11&#37;&#41; y la determinaci&#243;n de la reproducibilidad de la t&#233;cnica &#40;6&#59; 13&#37;&#41;&#46; En cambio&#44; s&#237; se observ&#243; una alta frecuencia en la descripci&#243;n del patr&#243;n de referencia &#40;39&#59; 87&#37;&#41; y del m&#233;todo usado &#40;28&#59; 62&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discusi&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los art&#237;culos evaluados incumplen gran parte de los requisitos de calidad recogidos en la propuesta STARD&#44; observ&#225;ndose una peor calidad metodol&#243;gica que en otros campos diagn&#243;sticos&#46; Los aspectos que m&#225;s necesitan mejorar son los relacionados con la descripci&#243;n de la selecci&#243;n de los pacientes y la determinaci&#243;n de la reproducibilidad&#46; La investigaci&#243;n y el avance en nuevas tecnolog&#237;as gen&#233;tico-moleculares requieren un mejor cumplimiento de los est&#225;ndares epidemiol&#243;gicos y cl&#237;nicos que ya se aplican a otros campos diagn&#243;sticos&#46;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Empirical evidence of design-related bias in studies of diagnostic tests"
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Vol. 20. Núm. 5.
Páginas 368-373 (septiembre - octubre 2006)
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Vol. 20. Núm. 5.
Páginas 368-373 (septiembre - octubre 2006)
Originales
Open Access
Evaluation of the research methodology in genetic, molecular and proteomic tests
Valoración de la metodología de la investigación en pruebas de genética, molecular y proteómica
Visitas
975
Blanca Lumbreras
Autor para correspondencia
blumbreras@umh.es

Correspondence: Dra. Blanca Lumbreras. Departamento de Salud Pública, Historia de la Ciencia y Ginecología. Campus de San Juan. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Ctra. de Valencia, km 8,7. 03550 San Juan de Alicante. España.
, Inmaculada Jarrín, Ildefonso Hernández Aguado
Department of Public Health, History of Science and Gynaecology. Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Advances in genomic analysis technologies have led to the development of new diagnostic tests with clinical application.Therefore, as in other diagnostic fields, awareness of the methodological limitations of genetic investigation will facilitate the application of the results.

Methods

44 articles which studied the diagnostic accuracy of genetic, molecular and proteomic tests, and published in JAMA, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Cancer Research y Clinical Cancer Research from 2002 to June 2005 were analysed. 24 methodological criteria of the STARD guide (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) were applied.

Results

The mean number of methodological criteria satisfied was 9.8 (95%, CI 8.8-10.6), with the greatest deficiencies observed in the aspects related to the description of patient selection, 9 (20%), the treatment of indeterminate results, 5 (11%), and the determination of the technique's reproducibility, 6 (13%). In contrast, a high frequency was observed in the description of the reference standard, 39 (87%), and the method used, 28 (62%).

Discussion

The articles evaluated fail to fulfil many of the quality requirements laid out in the STARD proposal, with the methodological quality being lower than in other diagnostic fields. The aspects most in need of improvement are those related to the description of patient selection and the determination of reproducibility. Research and progress in new genetic-molecular technologies require improved fulfilment of the epidemiological and clinical standards which are already applied by other diagnostic fields.

Key words:
Genetic tests
Methodology
Sensitivity and specificity
Resumen
Introducción

El avance en las tecnologías del análisis genómico ha supuesto el desarrollo de nuevas pruebas diagnósticas con potencial aplicación clínica. Así como ha sucedido en otros campos del diagnóstico, conocer las limitaciones metodológicas de la investigación en genética facilitará la aplicación de sus resultados.

Métodos

Se analizaron 44 artículos publicados en JAMA, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Cancer Research y Clinical Cancer Research, de 2002 a junio de 2005, que estudiaban la exactitud diagnóstica de pruebas genéticas, moleculares y de proteómica. Se aplicaron 24 criterios metodológicos de la guía STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy).

Resultados

La media de cumplimiento de los criterios aplicados fue de 9,8 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 8,8-10,6), y las mayores deficiencias se observaron en los aspectos relacionados con la descripción de la selección de los pacientes (9; 20%), el tratamiento de los resultados indeterminados (5;11%) y la determinación de la reproducibilidad de la técnica (6; 13%). En cambio, sí se observó una alta frecuencia en la descripción del patrón de referencia (39; 87%) y del método usado (28; 62%).

Discusión

Los artículos evaluados incumplen gran parte de los requisitos de calidad recogidos en la propuesta STARD, observándose una peor calidad metodológica que en otros campos diagnósticos. Los aspectos que más necesitan mejorar son los relacionados con la descripción de la selección de los pacientes y la determinación de la reproducibilidad. La investigación y el avance en nuevas tecnologías genético-moleculares requieren un mejor cumplimiento de los estándares epidemiológicos y clínicos que ya se aplican a otros campos diagnósticos.

Palabras clave:
Pruebas genéticas
Metodología
Sensibilidad y especificidad
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