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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar cu&#225;l es la mejor forma de informar a un paciente para que elija responsablemente el centro y el servicio sanitario&#44; e identificar los principales factores que actuar&#237;an como motivadores de esta decisi&#243;n&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Sujetos y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se elabor&#243; la informaci&#243;n sobre 3 hospitales ficticios y 3 procesos patol&#243;gicos &#40;c&#225;ncer de mama&#44; hipertrofia benigna de pr&#243;stata y cataratas&#41; en 4 modalidades de presentaci&#243;n&#58; 1 folleto con tablas&#44; 1 folleto con gr&#225;ficos&#44; 3 folletos con tablas y 3 folletos con gr&#225;ficos&#44; que inclu&#237;an datos acerca del personal&#44; sobre los resultados m&#233;dicos y quir&#250;rgicos&#44; los efectos secundarios&#44; la satisfacci&#243;n de otros pacientes y familiares&#44; y las demandas y reclamaciones efectuadas contra el hospital&#46; La informaci&#243;n se suministr&#243; a una muestra de 1&#46;259 sujetos&#44; que cumplimentaron un cuestionario con su valoraci&#243;n de la informaci&#243;n recibida&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ante la elecci&#243;n de tratamiento&#44; la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes &#40;88&#37;&#41; preferir&#237;a que se les informara y tomar la decisi&#243;n conjuntamente con el m&#233;dico&#46; Un 64&#37; eligi&#243; el hospital con mejores resultados cl&#237;nicos&#46; La informaci&#243;n en un solo folleto result&#243; m&#225;s clara mediante tablas &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; y la informaci&#243;n mediante gr&#225;ficos result&#243; m&#225;s clara en 3 folletos &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Se identificaron 3 factores en el caso de las enfermedades m&#225;s graves &#40;satisfacci&#243;n&#44; resultados m&#233;dicos y reclamaciones y demandas&#41; y 2 factores &#40;satisfacci&#243;n y resultados m&#233;dicos&#41; en el caso de una afecci&#243;n leve&#46; Los varones se fijan m&#225;s en la informaci&#243;n sobre los resultados &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; las reca&#237;das &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; y los efectos secundarios &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; A la hora de realizar comparaciones&#44; el personal sanitario se fija m&#225;s en los resultados de efectividad terap&#233;utica y menos en los resultados de satisfacci&#243;n del paciente o sus familiares &#40;rangos t entre 0&#44;40 y 0&#44;90&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hay diferencias en cuanto a la necesidad de informaci&#243;n&#44; la comprensi&#243;n en funci&#243;n de la modalidad de presentaci&#243;n de dicha informaci&#243;n y su contenido en funci&#243;n de la enfermedad&#44; el sexo o el grado de conocimientos m&#233;dicos&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify the best way to inform patients about centers and services so that they can make a responsible choice&#44; and to identify which factors determine patients&#8217; decisions&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Subjects and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data on three illnesses &#40;breast cancer&#44; benign prostatic hypertrophy&#44; and cataracts&#41; in three fictitious hospitals were shown to patients&#46; The data were presented to 1&#44;259 subjects through four different means&#58; a brochure including a table&#44; a brochure with a bar graph&#44; three brochures with tables&#44; and three brochures with bar graphs&#46; Data on each of the hospitals included&#58; professional profiles&#44; medical and surgical outcomes&#44; side effects&#44; patients&#8217; and relatives&#8217; satisfaction&#44; and hospital complaints&#46; The subjects completed a questionnaire evaluating the information received&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Most patients &#40;88&#37;&#41; preferred to receive full information and to share decision-making with their physician&#46; Sixtyfour percent of the patients chose the hospital with the best medical or surgical outcomes&#46; Patients preferred the data presented through a brochure with a table &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Three factors were identified with severe illness &#40;satisfaction&#44; outcomes and complaints&#41; and two factors with non-severe illness &#40;satisfaction and outcomes&#41;&#46; Men paid more attention to medical and surgical outcomes &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#44; relapses &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and side effects &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#46; When performing comparisons&#44; health professionals paid greater attention to medical and surgical outcomes than to patients&#8217; and relatives&#8217; satisfaction &#40;t range between 0&#46;40 and 0&#46;90&#44; p &#60; 0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Differences were found in the need for information and in comprehension depending on the way information was presented and on the type of disease&#46; Gender and health knowledge seem to be predictors of patients&#8217; information needs when choosing a hospital&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 18. Núm. 3.
Páginas 205-212 (mayo - junio 2004)
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Vol. 18. Núm. 3.
Páginas 205-212 (mayo - junio 2004)
Open Access
Determinantes de la elección del hospital por parte de los pacientes
Factors determining patients' choice of hospital
Visitas
5531
José Joaquín Mira
Autor para correspondencia
jose.mira@umh.es

Correspondencia: Universidad Miguel Hernández. Avda. del Ferrocarril s/n. 03202 Elche (Alicante). España.
, Sonia Tirado, Virtudes Pérez, Julián Vitaller
Universidad Miguel Hernández. Elche. Alicante. España
Este artículo ha recibido

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Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar cuál es la mejor forma de informar a un paciente para que elija responsablemente el centro y el servicio sanitario, e identificar los principales factores que actuarían como motivadores de esta decisión.

Sujetos y método

Se elaboró la información sobre 3 hospitales ficticios y 3 procesos patológicos (cáncer de mama, hipertrofia benigna de próstata y cataratas) en 4 modalidades de presentación: 1 folleto con tablas, 1 folleto con gráficos, 3 folletos con tablas y 3 folletos con gráficos, que incluían datos acerca del personal, sobre los resultados médicos y quirúrgicos, los efectos secundarios, la satisfacción de otros pacientes y familiares, y las demandas y reclamaciones efectuadas contra el hospital. La información se suministró a una muestra de 1.259 sujetos, que cumplimentaron un cuestionario con su valoración de la información recibida.

Resultados

Ante la elección de tratamiento, la mayoría de los pacientes (88%) preferiría que se les informara y tomar la decisión conjuntamente con el médico. Un 64% eligió el hospital con mejores resultados clínicos. La información en un solo folleto resultó más clara mediante tablas (p < 0,001) y la información mediante gráficos resultó más clara en 3 folletos (p < 0,001). Se identificaron 3 factores en el caso de las enfermedades más graves (satisfacción, resultados médicos y reclamaciones y demandas) y 2 factores (satisfacción y resultados médicos) en el caso de una afección leve. Los varones se fijan más en la información sobre los resultados (p < 0,001), las recaídas (p < 0,001) y los efectos secundarios (p < 0,001). A la hora de realizar comparaciones, el personal sanitario se fija más en los resultados de efectividad terapéutica y menos en los resultados de satisfacción del paciente o sus familiares (rangos t entre 0,40 y 0,90; p < 0,01).

Conclusiones

Hay diferencias en cuanto a la necesidad de información, la comprensión en función de la modalidad de presentación de dicha información y su contenido en función de la enfermedad, el sexo o el grado de conocimientos médicos.

Palabras clave:
Toma de decisiones
Información al paciente
Report cards
Abstract
Objective

To identify the best way to inform patients about centers and services so that they can make a responsible choice, and to identify which factors determine patients’ decisions.

Subjects and methods

Data on three illnesses (breast cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and cataracts) in three fictitious hospitals were shown to patients. The data were presented to 1,259 subjects through four different means: a brochure including a table, a brochure with a bar graph, three brochures with tables, and three brochures with bar graphs. Data on each of the hospitals included: professional profiles, medical and surgical outcomes, side effects, patients’ and relatives’ satisfaction, and hospital complaints. The subjects completed a questionnaire evaluating the information received.

Results

Most patients (88%) preferred to receive full information and to share decision-making with their physician. Sixtyfour percent of the patients chose the hospital with the best medical or surgical outcomes. Patients preferred the data presented through a brochure with a table (p < 0.001). Three factors were identified with severe illness (satisfaction, outcomes and complaints) and two factors with non-severe illness (satisfaction and outcomes). Men paid more attention to medical and surgical outcomes (p < 0.001), relapses (p < 0.001), and side effects (p < 0.001). When performing comparisons, health professionals paid greater attention to medical and surgical outcomes than to patients’ and relatives’ satisfaction (t range between 0.40 and 0.90, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Differences were found in the need for information and in comprehension depending on the way information was presented and on the type of disease. Gender and health knowledge seem to be predictors of patients’ information needs when choosing a hospital.

Key words:
Consumer decision making
Consumer information
Report cards
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Investigación financiada por el Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS 2000/1099).

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