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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En este estudio se examina la influencia del m&#233;todo de encuesta&#44; telef&#243;nica y &#171;cara a cara&#187; domiciliaria&#44; sobre la estimaci&#243;n de los factores de riesgo para la salud asociados al comportamiento y la realizaci&#243;n de pr&#225;cticas preventivas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El mismo cuestionario fue administrado en 2 muestras independientes de poblaci&#243;n de 18-64 a&#241;os residente en el municipio de Madrid&#46; Una muestra &#40;n &#61; 1&#46;391&#41; realiz&#243; la entrevista telef&#243;nica y la otra &#40;n &#61; 739&#41;&#44; la entrevista &#171;cara a cara&#187; domiciliaria&#46; Se compararon los resultados de las 2 muestras para 28 variables relacionadas con la antropometr&#237;a&#44; la actividad f&#237;sica&#44; el consumo de alimentos&#44; el consumo de tabaco y alcohol&#44; las pr&#225;cticas preventivas y la accidentabilidad&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La muestra telef&#243;nica obtuvo una mayor tasa de no contactos &#40;31&#44;8 frente a 22&#44;2&#37;&#41; pero un mayor grado de cooperaci&#243;n que la muestra con entrevista &#171;cara a cara&#187; &#40;83 frente a 74&#37;&#41;&#46; En total&#44; 19 de las 28 variables mostraron una variaci&#243;n relativa entre ambas encuestas &#60; 10&#37;&#44; en 8 variables las diferencias se encontraban entre el 10 y el 20&#37;&#44; y 1 super&#243; el 20&#37;&#46; S&#243;lo en 4 variables &#40;sedentarismo en el tiempo libre&#44; consumo de verdura&#44; abandono del consumo de tabaco y medici&#243;n del colesterol&#41; las diferencias fueron estad&#237;sticamente significativas&#44; con una variaci&#243;n relativa del 6&#44;1&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#44; 10&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; 36&#44;7&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41; y 8&#44;6&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;01&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; El coste global de la entrevista telef&#243;nica ha sido la mitad de la domiciliaria &#171;cara a cara&#187;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados de las encuestas telef&#243;nica y &#171;cara a cara&#187; domiciliaria fueron muy similares&#46; El menor coste de la encuesta telef&#243;nica la convierte en una buena alternativa para la investigaci&#243;n de salud p&#250;blica que requiera la recogida de datos por entrevista&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study examines the influence of the interview method &#40;telephone or face-to-face in households&#41; on the assessment of health behaviors and preventive practices&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and method</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The same questionnaire was completed by two independent samples of the population aged 18-64 years living in the municipality of Madrid&#46; One sample &#40;n &#61; 1&#44;391 subjects&#41; completed the questionnaire by telephone interview and the other &#40;n &#61; 739&#41; by face-to-face interview in households&#46; The results of the two samples for 28 variables related to anthropometry&#44; physical activity&#44; food consumption&#44; tobacco and alcohol use&#44; preventive practices and injuries were compared&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The telephone sample had a higher rate of failed contact &#40;31&#46;8&#37; vs&#46; 22&#46;2&#37;&#41; but a greater degree of cooperation than the sample for the face-to-face interview &#40;83&#46;0&#37; vs&#46; 74&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#46; In total&#44; 19 of the 28 variables showed a relative variation of less than 10&#37; between the two surveys&#59; the differences found were between 10 and 20&#37; for eight variables and were higher than 20&#37; for one variable&#46; Differences were statistically significant for only four variables &#40;sedentary leisure time&#44; consumption of vegetables&#44; giving up smoking and cholesterol measurement&#41;&#44; with a relative variation of 6&#46;1&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;01&#41;&#44; 10&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;001&#41;&#44; 36&#46;7&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;01&#41; and 8&#46;6&#37; &#40;p &#60; 0&#46;01&#41;&#44; respectively&#46; The total cost of the telephone interview was half that of the face-to-face household interview&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results of both surveys were very similar&#46; Because of its lower cost&#44; the telephone interview is a good option in public health research when data collection by interview is required&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 18. Núm. 6.
Páginas 440-450 (noviembre - diciembre 2004)
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Vol. 18. Núm. 6.
Páginas 440-450 (noviembre - diciembre 2004)
Open Access
Comparación entre encuestas telefónicas y encuestas «cara a cara» domiciliarias en la estimación de hábitos de salud y prácticas preventivas
Telephone versus face-to-face household interviews in the assessment of health behaviors and preventive practices
Visitas
8501
Iñaki Galána,
Autor para correspondencia
inaki.galan@madrid.org

Correspondencia: Servicio de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad de Madrid. Julián Camarillo 4. 28037 Madrid. España.
, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejob, Belén Zorrillaa
a Servicio de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad de Madrid. Madrid
b Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido

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Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

En este estudio se examina la influencia del método de encuesta, telefónica y «cara a cara» domiciliaria, sobre la estimación de los factores de riesgo para la salud asociados al comportamiento y la realización de prácticas preventivas.

Material y método

El mismo cuestionario fue administrado en 2 muestras independientes de población de 18-64 años residente en el municipio de Madrid. Una muestra (n = 1.391) realizó la entrevista telefónica y la otra (n = 739), la entrevista «cara a cara» domiciliaria. Se compararon los resultados de las 2 muestras para 28 variables relacionadas con la antropometría, la actividad física, el consumo de alimentos, el consumo de tabaco y alcohol, las prácticas preventivas y la accidentabilidad.

Resultados

La muestra telefónica obtuvo una mayor tasa de no contactos (31,8 frente a 22,2%) pero un mayor grado de cooperación que la muestra con entrevista «cara a cara» (83 frente a 74%). En total, 19 de las 28 variables mostraron una variación relativa entre ambas encuestas < 10%, en 8 variables las diferencias se encontraban entre el 10 y el 20%, y 1 superó el 20%. Sólo en 4 variables (sedentarismo en el tiempo libre, consumo de verdura, abandono del consumo de tabaco y medición del colesterol) las diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas, con una variación relativa del 6,1% (p < 0,01), 10% (p < 0,001), 36,7% (p < 0,01) y 8,6% (p < 0,01), respectivamente. El coste global de la entrevista telefónica ha sido la mitad de la domiciliaria «cara a cara».

Conclusiones

Los resultados de las encuestas telefónica y «cara a cara» domiciliaria fueron muy similares. El menor coste de la encuesta telefónica la convierte en una buena alternativa para la investigación de salud pública que requiera la recogida de datos por entrevista.

Palabras clave:
Encuestas telefónicas
Encuestas de salud
Factores de riesgo del comportamiento
Prácticas preventivas
Summary
Objective

This study examines the influence of the interview method (telephone or face-to-face in households) on the assessment of health behaviors and preventive practices.

Material and method

The same questionnaire was completed by two independent samples of the population aged 18-64 years living in the municipality of Madrid. One sample (n = 1,391 subjects) completed the questionnaire by telephone interview and the other (n = 739) by face-to-face interview in households. The results of the two samples for 28 variables related to anthropometry, physical activity, food consumption, tobacco and alcohol use, preventive practices and injuries were compared.

Results

The telephone sample had a higher rate of failed contact (31.8% vs. 22.2%) but a greater degree of cooperation than the sample for the face-to-face interview (83.0% vs. 74.0%). In total, 19 of the 28 variables showed a relative variation of less than 10% between the two surveys; the differences found were between 10 and 20% for eight variables and were higher than 20% for one variable. Differences were statistically significant for only four variables (sedentary leisure time, consumption of vegetables, giving up smoking and cholesterol measurement), with a relative variation of 6.1% (p < 0.01), 10% (p < 0.001), 36.7% (p < 0.01) and 8.6% (p < 0.01), respectively. The total cost of the telephone interview was half that of the face-to-face household interview.

Conclusions

The results of both surveys were very similar. Because of its lower cost, the telephone interview is a good option in public health research when data collection by interview is required.

Key words:
Telephone surveys
Health surveys
Behavioral risk factors
Preventive practices
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