array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0213911104719937"
  "issn" => "02139111"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(04)71993-7"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-01-01"
  "aid" => "71993"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2004"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2004;18:7-15"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2672
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 121
      "HTML" => 2019
      "PDF" => 532
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911104719949"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(04)71994-9"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-01-01"
    "aid" => "71994"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2004;18:16-23"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2827
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 120
        "HTML" => 2193
        "PDF" => 514
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Desigualdades en mortalidad en la ciudad de Sevilla"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "16"
          "paginaFinal" => "23"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Inequalities in mortality in Seville [Spain]"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Miguel Ruiz-Ramos, José Sánchez, Gloria Garrucho, Francisco Viciana"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Miguel"
              "apellidos" => "Ruiz-Ramos"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "José"
              "apellidos" => "Sánchez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Gloria"
              "apellidos" => "Garrucho"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Francisco"
              "apellidos" => "Viciana"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911104719949?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001800000001/v1_201310251603/S0213911104719949/v1_201310251603/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911104719925"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(04)71992-5"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-01-01"
    "aid" => "71992"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "edi"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2004;18:5-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 5031
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 106
        "HTML" => 4425
        "PDF" => 500
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:7 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "La investigación cualitativa en GACETA SANITARIA: bienvenida y mejor valorada"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "5"
          "paginaFinal" => "6"
        ]
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Manel Nebot, Ana María García"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Manel"
              "apellidos" => "Nebot"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ana"
              "apellidos" => "María García"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911104719925?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001800000001/v1_201310251603/S0213911104719925/v1_201310251603/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:13 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Análisis de la mortalidad en ciudades: resultados en Valencia y Alicante"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "7"
        "paginaFinal" => "15"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Andreu Nolasco, Inmaculada Melchor, Joaquín Moncho, Carmen García, José Verdú, Pablo Caballero, Socorro Valero, Purificación Martínez, María Jesús Pérez"
        "autores" => array:9 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Andreu"
            "apellidos" => "Nolasco"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "nolasco@ua.es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Inmaculada"
            "apellidos" => "Melchor"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Joaqu&#237;n"
            "apellidos" => "Moncho"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Carmen"
            "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jos&#233;"
            "apellidos" => "Verd&#250;"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Pablo"
            "apellidos" => "Caballero"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Socorro"
            "apellidos" => "Valero"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Purificaci&#243;n"
            "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          8 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a"
            "apellidos" => "Jes&#250;s P&#233;rez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Salud P&#250;blica&#46; Universidad de Alicante&#46; Alicante"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Registro de Mortalidad&#46; Conselleria de Sanitat i Consum&#46; Generalitat Valenciana&#46; Valencia&#46; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia&#58; Departamento de Salud P&#250;blica&#46; Universidad de Alicante&#46; Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig&#46; 03080 Alicante&#46; Espa&#241;a&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2003-06-03"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2003-11-23"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268662"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Mortalidad"
            1 => "Desigualdades en salud"
            2 => "Vigilancia en Salud P&#250;blica"
            3 => "Ciudades"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268661"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Mortality"
            1 => "Health inequalities"
            2 => "Public health surveillance"
            3 => "Cities"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir los patrones de mortalidad&#44; general y por causas espec&#237;ficas seleccionadas&#44; en Valencia y Alicante&#59; establecer las diferencias internas por distritos&#44; y evaluar los cambios en la magnitud de estas desigualdades en el tiempo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las defunciones ocurridas en residentes en las ciudades de Valencia y Alicante durante los per&#237;odos 1990-1992 y 1996-1998 se asignaron a los distritos municipales de residencia&#46; La comparaci&#243;n entre los per&#237;odos de estudio o entre ciudades se ha realizado a trav&#233;s del riesgo relativo estimado mediante regresi&#243;n de Poisson&#46; Se calcul&#243; la raz&#243;n comparativa de mortalidad &#40;RCM&#41; seg&#250;n los 17 grandes grupos de la Clasificaci&#243;n Internacional de Enfermedades &#40;9&#46;a revisi&#243;n&#41;&#46; Por distritos se han calculado en cada per&#237;odo de estudio las tasas ajustadas por el m&#233;todo directo&#44; la raz&#243;n de mortalidad estandarizada &#40;RME&#41;&#44; la raz&#243;n de a&#241;os potenciales de vida perdida &#40;RAPVP&#41; y la esperanza de vida al nacimiento&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los riesgos de muerte por todas las causas disminuyen del primer al segundo per&#237;odo tanto en varones&#44; como en mujeres en ambas ciudades&#46; La esperanza de vida aumenta significativamente en ambas ciudades en los varones&#44; y en Valencia en las mujeres&#46; La ciudad de Valencia presenta un mayor riesgo de muerte en ambos per&#237;odos&#46; Algunos grupos de causas de muerte aumentan &#40;grupos 5 y 6&#44; que incluyen trastornos mentales y enfermedades del sistema nervioso y &#243;rganos de los sentidos&#41;&#46; Por distritos&#44; se observa una mayor variabilidad en Valencia &#8212;donde destacan los distritos 1 y 11 con un elevado riesgo de mortalidad&#8212; que en Alicante&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El proceso de vigilancia de la mortalidad interna&#44; por distritos&#44; es reproducible&#46; En la ciudad de Valencia existen diferencias en la mortalidad que se mantienen en el tiempo&#46; La ciudad de Alicante presenta una menor variabilidad interna en sus indicadores de mortalidad&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe mortality patterns&#44; in general and by selected specific causes in Valencia and Alicante&#44; to establish internal inequalities by districts&#44; and to evaluate changes in the magnitude of these inequalities over time&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Deaths among residents of Valencia and Alicante in the periods 1990-1992 and 1996-1998 were assigned to residential municipal districts&#46; Comparisons between the periods studied and between cities were carried out using the relative risk derived from a Poisson regression model&#46; A comparative mortality figure was calculated using the 17 largest groups of the 9th International Classification of Diseases&#46; Rates adjusted by the direct method&#44; standardized mortality ratio&#44; potential years of life lost &#40;PYLL&#41; ratio and life expectancy at birth were calculated by districts in each study period&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The risks of death from all causes decreased between the first and second periods in both men and women in both cities&#46; Life expectancy significantly increased in both cities for men and in Valencia for women&#46; The city of Valencia had the greatest risk of death in both periods&#46; Some causes of death increased &#40;groups 5 and 6&#44; mental and nervous system disorders and sensory organ diseases&#41;&#46; By districts&#44; there was greater variability in Valencia than in Alicante&#44; especially in districts 1 and 11 in Valencia&#44; which showed a high risk of death&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The process of internal mortality surveillance by districts is reproducible&#46; In the city of Valencia there were inequalities in mortality that were maintained over time&#46; The city of Alicante showed less internal variability in its mortality indicators&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:39 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Desigualdades de salud en Barcelona"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Alonso"
                            1 => "JM&#46; Ant&#243;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4"
                        "paginaFinal" => "12"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3147259"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Exc&#233;s de mortalitat en una &#224;rea urbana c&#232;ntrica&#58; el cas de la Ciutat Vella a Barcelona"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                            1 => "A&#46; Plasencia"
                            2 => "H&#46; Pa&#241;ella"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "110"
                        "paginaInicial" => "161"
                        "paginaFinal" => "166"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Desigualtats en mortalitat als barris de Barcelona"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                            1 => "A&#46; Arias"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "205"
                        "paginaFinal" => "220"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8225787"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Socio-economic factors and mortality in urban settings&#58; the case of Barcelona &#40;Spain&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                            1 => "A&#46; Arias"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "460"
                        "paginaFinal" => "465"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7499987"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Widening social inequalities in mortality&#58; the case of a southern European city &#40;Barcelona&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                            1 => "A&#46; Plas&#232;ncia"
                            2 => "M&#46;I&#46; Pasar&#237;n"
                            3 => "V&#46; Ort&#250;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "659"
                        "paginaFinal" => "667"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9519129"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Inequalities in mortality according to educational level in two large Southern European cities"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                            1 => "E&#46; Regidor"
                            2 => "L&#46;C&#46; Arias"
                            3 => "P&#46; Navarro"
                            4 => "R&#46; Puigpin&#243;s"
                            5 => "V&#46; Dom&#237;nguez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "58"
                        "paginaFinal" => "63"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195665"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0091674900405087"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00916749"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Desigualdades sociales en mortalidad en Barcelona"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                            1 => "MI&#46; Pasar&#237;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Desigualdades sociales en salud&#58; situaci&#243;n en Espa&#241;a en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os del siglo XX"
                        "paginaInicial" => "37"
                        "paginaFinal" => "58"
                        "serieFecha" => "2002"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Desigualdades de salud en Barcelona y Valencia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Arias"
                            1 => "M&#46; Rebagliato"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; Palumbo"
                            3 => "R&#46; Bellver"
                            4 => "J&#46; Ashton"
                            5 => "C&#46; Colomer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "281"
                        "paginaFinal" => "287"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis de la mortalidad en la ciudad de Valencia &#40;1990-92&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Nolasco"
                            1 => "J&#46; Moncho"
                            2 => "C&#46; Godoy"
                            3 => "V&#46; Molina"
                            4 => "H&#46; Vanaclocha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1995"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The structure of urban mortality&#46; A methodological study of Hannover&#44; Germany &#40;part I&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "G&#46;C&#46; Myers"
                            1 => "K&#46;G&#46; Manton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "203"
                        "paginaFinal" => "212"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/338520"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The structure of urban mortality&#46; A methodological study of Hannover&#44; Germany &#40;part II&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46;G&#46; Manton"
                            1 => "G&#46;C&#46; Myers"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "214"
                        "paginaFinal" => "223"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Inequalities in health in the city of Bristol&#58; a preliminary review of statistical evidence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Townsend"
                            1 => "D&#46; Simpson"
                            2 => "N&#46; Tibbs"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Health Serv"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "637"
                        "paginaFinal" => "663"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3841091"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0091674900180376"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00916749"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Patterns of mortality from selected causes in a urban population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Dayal"
                            1 => "R&#46; Goldberg-Alberts"
                            2 => "J&#46; Kinman"
                            3 => "J&#46; Ramos"
                            4 => "R&#46; Sharrar"
                            5 => "H&#46; Shapiro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Chron Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "877"
                        "paginaFinal" => "888"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3793839"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Using mortality data to describe geographic variations in health status at sub-district level"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46;S&#46; Williams"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Scott"
                            2 => "S&#46;M&#46; Scott"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "109"
                        "paginaInicial" => "67"
                        "paginaFinal" => "73"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7871148"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Regional and social class variation in the relative risk of death from amenable causes in the city of Helsinki&#44; 1980-86"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Poikolainen"
                            1 => "J&#46; Eskola"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "114"
                        "paginaFinal" => "118"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7797332"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0091674900744897"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00916749"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Differential mortality in New York city &#40;1988-1992&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Fang"
                            1 => "W&#46; Bosworth"
                            2 => "Sh Madhavan"
                            3 => "H&#46; Cohen"
                            4 => "M&#46;H&#46; Alderman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bull NY Acad Med"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "72"
                        "paginaInicial" => "483"
                        "paginaFinal" => "499"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Residential segregation and mortality in New York city"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Fang"
                            1 => "S&#46; Madhavan"
                            2 => "W&#46; Bosworth"
                            3 => "M&#46;H&#46; Alderman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Soc Sci Med"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "469"
                        "paginaFinal" => "476"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9680230"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intra-urban variations in incidence and mortality in myocardial infarction&#46; A study from the myocardial infarction register in the city of Malm&#246;&#44; Sweden"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Tyden"
                            1 => "O&#46; Hansen"
                            2 => "L&#46; Janzon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1795"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1801"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9886721"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Social inequalities and health&#58; ecological study of mortality in Budapest&#44; 1980-1983 and 1990-1993"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46; J&#243;zan"
                            1 => "D&#46;P&#46; Forster"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "318"
                        "paginaInicial" => "914"
                        "paginaFinal" => "915"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102855"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Studio Longitudinale Toscano&#58; un&#39;analisi per quartiere per la citta di Firenze e Livorno"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Biggeri"
                            1 => "M&#46; Marchi"
                            2 => "E&#46; Dreasi"
                            3 => "P&#46; Baldi"
                            4 => "A&#46; Benvenutti"
                            5 => "E&#46; Merler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Epidemiol Prev"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "161"
                        "paginaFinal" => "174"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10605249"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Small-area variation in mortality in the city of Oulu&#44; Finland&#44; during the period 1978-1995"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Rytkonen"
                            1 => "J&#46; Rusanen"
                            2 => "S&#46; Nayha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Place"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "75"
                        "paginaFinal" => "79"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11470221"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Desigualdades sociales de salud en Espa&#241;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Navarro"
                            1 => "J&#46; Benach"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Salud P&#250;blica"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "70"
                        "paginaInicial" => "505"
                        "paginaFinal" => "636"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9011370"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The study of social inequalities in health in Spain&#58; where are we&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                            1 => "M&#46;I&#46; Pasarin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "388"
                        "paginaFinal" => "389"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10492728"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prioridades en vigilancia en Salud P&#250;blica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Bernal"
                            1 => "F&#46; Pradas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Informe SESPAS 2002&#46; Invertir para la salud&#46; Prioridades en Salud P&#250;blica"
                        "paginaInicial" => "59"
                        "paginaFinal" => "64"
                        "serieFecha" => "2002"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clasificaci&#243;n Internacional de Enfermedades&#44; 9&#46;a revisi&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "OPS&#47;OMS"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1975"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Statistical methods in cancer research&#46; Vol II&#58; the design and analysis of cohort studies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46;E&#46; Breslow"
                            1 => "N&#46;E&#46; Day"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1987"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Los m&#233;todos de estandarizaci&#243;n de tasas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ru&#233;"
                            1 => "C&#46; Borrell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Salud P&#250;blica"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "263"
                        "paginaFinal" => "295"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Potential years of life lost between ages 1 and 70&#46; An indicator of premature mortality for health planning"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Romeder"
                            1 => "J&#46;R&#46; McWhinnie"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "834"
                        "paginaFinal" => "840"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Col&#183;lectiu d&#39;Estudis de Mortalitat del Pa&#237;s Valenci&#224;&#46; Raz&#243;n de a&#241;os de vida perdidos evitables&#58; un indicador para identificar exceso de mortalidad en &#225;reas de salud"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "F&#46;G&#46; Benavides"
                            1 => "S&#46; P&#233;rez"
                            2 => "A&#46; Cayuela"
                            3 => "A&#46; Nolasco"
                            4 => "H&#46; Vanaclocha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "12"
                        "paginaFinal" => "17"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2262281"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The life table and its applications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "C&#46;L&#46; Chiang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1984"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "INE&#46; INE base&#46; Demograf&#237;a y poblaci&#243;n &#91;accedido 5&#47;05&#47;2003&#93;&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.ine.es">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ine&#46;es</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tendencias de la mortalidad en Espa&#241;a&#44; 1952-1996&#46; Efecto de la edad&#44; de la cohorte de nacimiento y del per&#237;odo de muerte"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; L&#243;pez-Abente"
                            1 => "M&#46; Poll&#225;n"
                            2 => "N&#46; Aragon&#233;s"
                            3 => "B&#46; P&#233;rez"
                            4 => "A&#46; Ll&#225;cer"
                            5 => "J&#46; P&#233;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "2002"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mortalidad por demencias y des&#243;rdenes neurodegenerativos en la poblaci&#243;n de 65 y m&#225;s a&#241;os en la Comunidad Valenciana&#46; Per&#237;odo 1987-1998"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Melchor"
                            1 => "C&#46; Garc&#237;a"
                            2 => "A&#46; Nolasco"
                            3 => "J&#46; Moncho"
                            4 => "S&#46; Valero"
                            5 => "P&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "numero" => "Supl 3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "31"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anuari estad&#237;stic de la ciutat de Val&#232;ncia 1998"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Ajuntament de Val&#232;ncia"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1999"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib35"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis de la mortalidad en &#225;reas peque&#241;as&#58; el problema de la residencia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Librero"
                            1 => "F&#46;G&#46; Benavides"
                            2 => "C&#46; Godoy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "169"
                        "paginaFinal" => "175"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8375969"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib36"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Uses of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Morgenstern"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Publ Health"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "72"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1336"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1344"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib37"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Indicadores de salud en el medio urbano&#46; Variaciones en funci&#243;n de la coherencia social de las &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas utilizadas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Armero"
                            1 => "M&#46;J&#46; Frau"
                            2 => "C&#46; Colomer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "17"
                        "paginaFinal" => "20"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2045222"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib38"
              "etiqueta" => "38&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Statistics for spatial data"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Cressie"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1993"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib39"
              "etiqueta" => "39&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Statistical analysis of spatial point patterns"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Diggle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:1 [
                        "serieFecha" => "1983"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/02139111/0000001800000001/v1_201310251603/S0213911104719937/v1_201310251603/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "18705"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02139111/0000001800000001/v1_201310251603/S0213911104719937/v1_201310251603/es/main.pdf?idApp=WGSE&text.app=https://gacetasanitaria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911104719937?idApp=WGSE"
]
Compartir
Publique en esta revista
Información de la revista
Vol. 18. Núm. 1.
Páginas 7-15 (enero - febrero 2004)
Respuestas rápidas
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 18. Núm. 1.
Páginas 7-15 (enero - febrero 2004)
Open Access
Análisis de la mortalidad en ciudades: resultados en Valencia y Alicante
Visitas
5808
Andreu Nolascoa,
Autor para correspondencia
nolasco@ua.es

Correspondencia: Departamento de Salud Pública. Universidad de Alicante. Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig. 03080 Alicante. España.
, Inmaculada Melchorb, Joaquín Monchoa, Carmen Garcíab, José Verdúa, Pablo Caballeroa, Socorro Valerob, Purificación Martínezb, María Jesús Péreza
a Departamento de Salud Pública. Universidad de Alicante. Alicante
b Registro de Mortalidad. Conselleria de Sanitat i Consum. Generalitat Valenciana. Valencia. España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Resumen
Objetivos

Describir los patrones de mortalidad, general y por causas específicas seleccionadas, en Valencia y Alicante; establecer las diferencias internas por distritos, y evaluar los cambios en la magnitud de estas desigualdades en el tiempo.

Métodos

Las defunciones ocurridas en residentes en las ciudades de Valencia y Alicante durante los períodos 1990-1992 y 1996-1998 se asignaron a los distritos municipales de residencia. La comparación entre los períodos de estudio o entre ciudades se ha realizado a través del riesgo relativo estimado mediante regresión de Poisson. Se calculó la razón comparativa de mortalidad (RCM) según los 17 grandes grupos de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (9.a revisión). Por distritos se han calculado en cada período de estudio las tasas ajustadas por el método directo, la razón de mortalidad estandarizada (RME), la razón de años potenciales de vida perdida (RAPVP) y la esperanza de vida al nacimiento.

Resultados

Los riesgos de muerte por todas las causas disminuyen del primer al segundo período tanto en varones, como en mujeres en ambas ciudades. La esperanza de vida aumenta significativamente en ambas ciudades en los varones, y en Valencia en las mujeres. La ciudad de Valencia presenta un mayor riesgo de muerte en ambos períodos. Algunos grupos de causas de muerte aumentan (grupos 5 y 6, que incluyen trastornos mentales y enfermedades del sistema nervioso y órganos de los sentidos). Por distritos, se observa una mayor variabilidad en Valencia —donde destacan los distritos 1 y 11 con un elevado riesgo de mortalidad— que en Alicante.

Conclusiones

El proceso de vigilancia de la mortalidad interna, por distritos, es reproducible. En la ciudad de Valencia existen diferencias en la mortalidad que se mantienen en el tiempo. La ciudad de Alicante presenta una menor variabilidad interna en sus indicadores de mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
Mortalidad
Desigualdades en salud
Vigilancia en Salud Pública
Ciudades
Abstract
Objectives

To describe mortality patterns, in general and by selected specific causes in Valencia and Alicante, to establish internal inequalities by districts, and to evaluate changes in the magnitude of these inequalities over time.

Methods

Deaths among residents of Valencia and Alicante in the periods 1990-1992 and 1996-1998 were assigned to residential municipal districts. Comparisons between the periods studied and between cities were carried out using the relative risk derived from a Poisson regression model. A comparative mortality figure was calculated using the 17 largest groups of the 9th International Classification of Diseases. Rates adjusted by the direct method, standardized mortality ratio, potential years of life lost (PYLL) ratio and life expectancy at birth were calculated by districts in each study period.

Results

The risks of death from all causes decreased between the first and second periods in both men and women in both cities. Life expectancy significantly increased in both cities for men and in Valencia for women. The city of Valencia had the greatest risk of death in both periods. Some causes of death increased (groups 5 and 6, mental and nervous system disorders and sensory organ diseases). By districts, there was greater variability in Valencia than in Alicante, especially in districts 1 and 11 in Valencia, which showed a high risk of death.

Conclusions

The process of internal mortality surveillance by districts is reproducible. In the city of Valencia there were inequalities in mortality that were maintained over time. The city of Alicante showed less internal variability in its mortality indicators.

Key words:
Mortality
Health inequalities
Public health surveillance
Cities
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J. Alonso, JM. Antó.
Desigualdades de salud en Barcelona.
Gac Sanit, 2 (1988), pp. 4-12
[2.]
C. Borrell, A. Plasencia, H. Pañella.
Excés de mortalitat en una àrea urbana cèntrica: el cas de la Ciutat Vella a Barcelona.
Med Clin (Barc), 110 (1991), pp. 161-166
[3.]
C. Borrell, A. Arias.
Desigualtats en mortalitat als barris de Barcelona.
Gac Sanit, 7 (1993), pp. 205-220
[4.]
C. Borrell, A. Arias.
Socio-economic factors and mortality in urban settings: the case of Barcelona (Spain).
J Epidemiol Community Health, 49 (1995), pp. 460-465
[5.]
C. Borrell, A. Plasència, M.I. Pasarín, V. Ortún.
Widening social inequalities in mortality: the case of a southern European city (Barcelona).
J Epidemiol Community Health, 51 (1997), pp. 659-667
[6.]
C. Borrell, E. Regidor, L.C. Arias, P. Navarro, R. Puigpinós, V. Domínguez, et al.
Inequalities in mortality according to educational level in two large Southern European cities.
Int J Epidemiol, 28 (1999), pp. 58-63
[7.]
C. Borrell, MI. Pasarín.
Desigualdades sociales en mortalidad en Barcelona.
Desigualdades sociales en salud: situación en España en los últimos años del siglo XX, pp. 37-58
[8.]
A. Arias, M. Rebagliato, M.A. Palumbo, R. Bellver, J. Ashton, C. Colomer, et al.
Desigualdades de salud en Barcelona y Valencia.
Med Clin (Barc), 100 (1993), pp. 281-287
[9.]
A. Nolasco, J. Moncho, C. Godoy, V. Molina, H. Vanaclocha.
Análisis de la mortalidad en la ciudad de Valencia (1990-92).
[10.]
G.C. Myers, K.G. Manton.
The structure of urban mortality. A methodological study of Hannover, Germany (part I).
Int J Epidemiol, 6 (1977), pp. 203-212
[11.]
K.G. Manton, G.C. Myers.
The structure of urban mortality. A methodological study of Hannover, Germany (part II).
Int J Epidemiol, 6 (1977), pp. 214-223
[12.]
P. Townsend, D. Simpson, N. Tibbs.
Inequalities in health in the city of Bristol: a preliminary review of statistical evidence.
Int J Health Serv, 15 (1985), pp. 637-663
[13.]
H. Dayal, R. Goldberg-Alberts, J. Kinman, J. Ramos, R. Sharrar, H. Shapiro.
Patterns of mortality from selected causes in a urban population.
J Chron Dis, 39 (1986), pp. 877-888
[14.]
E.S. Williams, C.M. Scott, S.M. Scott.
Using mortality data to describe geographic variations in health status at sub-district level.
Public Health, 109 (1995), pp. 67-73
[15.]
K. Poikolainen, J. Eskola.
Regional and social class variation in the relative risk of death from amenable causes in the city of Helsinki, 1980-86.
Int J Epidemiol, 24 (1995), pp. 114-118
[16.]
J. Fang, W. Bosworth, Sh Madhavan, H. Cohen, M.H. Alderman.
Differential mortality in New York city (1988-1992).
Bull NY Acad Med, 72 (1995), pp. 483-499
[17.]
J. Fang, S. Madhavan, W. Bosworth, M.H. Alderman.
Residential segregation and mortality in New York city.
Soc Sci Med, 47 (1998), pp. 469-476
[18.]
P. Tyden, O. Hansen, L. Janzon.
Intra-urban variations in incidence and mortality in myocardial infarction. A study from the myocardial infarction register in the city of Malmö, Sweden.
Eur Heart J, 19 (1998), pp. 1795-1801
[19.]
P. Józan, D.P. Forster.
Social inequalities and health: ecological study of mortality in Budapest, 1980-1983 and 1990-1993.
BMJ, 318 (1999), pp. 914-915
[20.]
A. Biggeri, M. Marchi, E. Dreasi, P. Baldi, A. Benvenutti, E. Merler.
Studio Longitudinale Toscano: un'analisi per quartiere per la citta di Firenze e Livorno.
Epidemiol Prev, 23 (1999), pp. 161-174
[21.]
M. Rytkonen, J. Rusanen, S. Nayha.
Small-area variation in mortality in the city of Oulu, Finland, during the period 1978-1995.
Health Place, 7 (2001), pp. 75-79
[22.]
V. Navarro, J. Benach.
Desigualdades sociales de salud en España.
Rev Esp Salud Pública, 70 (1996), pp. 505-636
[23.]
C. Borrell, M.I. Pasarin.
The study of social inequalities in health in Spain: where are we?.
J Epidemiol Community Health, 53 (1999), pp. 388-389
[24.]
E. Bernal, F. Pradas.
Prioridades en vigilancia en Salud Pública.
Informe SESPAS 2002. Invertir para la salud. Prioridades en Salud Pública, pp. 59-64
[25.]
OPS/OMS.
Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades, 9.a revisión.
[26.]
N.E. Breslow, N.E. Day.
Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol II: the design and analysis of cohort studies.
[27.]
M. Rué, C. Borrell.
Los métodos de estandarización de tasas.
Rev Salud Pública, 3 (1993), pp. 263-295
[28.]
J.M. Romeder, J.R. McWhinnie.
Potential years of life lost between ages 1 and 70. An indicator of premature mortality for health planning.
Int J Epidemiol, 67 (1977), pp. 834-840
[29.]
F.G. Benavides, S. Pérez, A. Cayuela, A. Nolasco, H. Vanaclocha.
Col·lectiu d'Estudis de Mortalitat del País Valencià. Razón de años de vida perdidos evitables: un indicador para identificar exceso de mortalidad en áreas de salud.
Gac Sanit, 4 (1990), pp. 12-17
[30.]
C.L. Chiang.
The life table and its applications.
[31.]
INE. INE base. Demografía y población [accedido 5/05/2003]. Disponible en: http://www.ine.es.
[32.]
G. López-Abente, M. Pollán, N. Aragonés, B. Pérez, A. Llácer, J. Pérez, et al.
Tendencias de la mortalidad en España, 1952-1996. Efecto de la edad, de la cohorte de nacimiento y del período de muerte.
[33.]
I. Melchor, C. García, A. Nolasco, J. Moncho, S. Valero, P. Martínez, et al.
Mortalidad por demencias y desórdenes neurodegenerativos en la población de 65 y más años en la Comunidad Valenciana. Período 1987-1998.
Gac Sanit, 15 (2001), pp. 31
[34.]
Ajuntament de València.
Anuari estadístic de la ciutat de València 1998.
[35.]
J. Librero, F.G. Benavides, C. Godoy.
Análisis de la mortalidad en áreas pequeñas: el problema de la residencia.
Gac Sanit, 7 (1993), pp. 169-175
[36.]
H. Morgenstern.
Uses of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research.
Am J Publ Health, 72 (1982), pp. 1336-1344
[37.]
M.J. Armero, M.J. Frau, C. Colomer.
Indicadores de salud en el medio urbano. Variaciones en función de la coherencia social de las áreas geográficas utilizadas.
Gac Sanit, 5 (1991), pp. 17-20
[38.]
N. Cressie.
Statistics for spatial data.
[39.]
P. Diggle.
Statistical analysis of spatial point patterns.
Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?