Journal Information
Vol. 11. Issue 6.
Pages 274-280 (November - December 1997)
Vol. 11. Issue 6.
Pages 274-280 (November - December 1997)
Open Access
Validación de un cuestionario para medir retrospectivamente la exposición laboral a plaguicidas
validation of a questionnaire on retrospective assessment of occupational exposure to pesticides
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E. Orts Ríos1,*, A.M. García García2, F.G. Benavides1,3, T. Fletcher4
1 Instituí Valenciá d’Estudis en Salut Pública
2 Departament de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública. Universitat de Valencia
3 Departament de Ciéncies de la Salut. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona
4 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
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Resumen
Objetivos

Validar un cuestionario diseñado para medir retrospectivamente la exposición laboral a plaguicidas en un estudio de casos y controles sobre trabajadores expuestos a plaguicidas y malformaciones congénitas.

Métodos

Se compara la información obtenida mediante una entrevista personal con 56 agricultores con: 1) una entrevista con los empleadores de los agricultores, 2) la observación directa de los lugares de trabajo y 3) un cuestionario que cumplimentaron los agncultores durante la realización del Programa de Capacitación para Manipuladores de Plaguicidas.

Resultados

Los índices de exactitud y fiabilidad fueron altos para las variables «cultivos trabajados», «períodos de tratamiento» y «utilización de protección personal», con sensibilidades entre 0,81 y 1 e índices Kappa de 0,65 a 0,80. Sin embargo, las variables «duración de los tratamientos» y «productos plaguicidas utilizados» presentaron índices de exactitud más bajos con sensibilidades entre 0,32 y 0,50.

Conclusiones

Los resultados sugieren que el cuestionario es un buen instrumento para la medición de algunas variables pero en otras reflejan la existencia de problemas de recuerdo. Esto hace necesario adoptar medidas que mejoren la exactitud de la medida de la exposición como la introducción en el cuestionario del tamaño del área tratada como otra variable que permita valorar la duración de la exposición y la utilización de listas de recuerdo de productos plaguicidas durante la entrevista.

Palabras clave:
Cuestionario
Validez
Exposición laboral
Plaguicidas
Trabajadores agrícolas
Summary
Objective

The aim of this study is to validate a questionnaire intended to assess retrospective occupational exposure to pesticides in a case control study of workers exposed to pesticides and congenital malformations.

Methods

Occupational data were gathered through personal interviews to 56 agricultural workers and this information was compared to: 1) personal interviews with the workers’ foremen, 2) direct observation of working places and 3) another questionnaire self-administered previously by the workers as a part of the «Training Program for Pesticide Aplicators».

Results

Accuracy and reliability indices are high for variables such as the crops where the interviewees have been working, the time period of the treatments with pesticides and the use of personal protection during treatments (sensitivity ranges between 0.81 and 1 and Kappa index ranges between 0.65 and 0.80). However, for variables such as the duration of the treatments and the pesticides used, sensitivity values range between 0.32 and 0.50.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the questionnaire is a valid tool for measuring some items but in order to improve the quality of the exposure assessment the questionnaire was modified, including a question about size of treated areas (as a proxy variable for duration of treatments) and prompt lists were developed to make easier recall by the workers of specific pesticides used in treatments.

Key words:
Questionnaire
Validity
Occupational exposure
Pesticides
Agricultural workers
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Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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