Journal Information
Vol. 11. Issue 6.
Pages 274-280 (November - December 1997)
Vol. 11. Issue 6.
Pages 274-280 (November - December 1997)
Open Access
Validación de un cuestionario para medir retrospectivamente la exposición laboral a plaguicidas
validation of a questionnaire on retrospective assessment of occupational exposure to pesticides
Visits
4302
E. Orts Ríos1,*, A.M. García García2, F.G. Benavides1,3, T. Fletcher4
1 Instituí Valenciá d’Estudis en Salut Pública
2 Departament de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública. Universitat de Valencia
3 Departament de Ciéncies de la Salut. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona
4 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumen
Objetivos

Validar un cuestionario diseñado para medir retrospectivamente la exposición laboral a plaguicidas en un estudio de casos y controles sobre trabajadores expuestos a plaguicidas y malformaciones congénitas.

Métodos

Se compara la información obtenida mediante una entrevista personal con 56 agricultores con: 1) una entrevista con los empleadores de los agricultores, 2) la observación directa de los lugares de trabajo y 3) un cuestionario que cumplimentaron los agncultores durante la realización del Programa de Capacitación para Manipuladores de Plaguicidas.

Resultados

Los índices de exactitud y fiabilidad fueron altos para las variables «cultivos trabajados», «períodos de tratamiento» y «utilización de protección personal», con sensibilidades entre 0,81 y 1 e índices Kappa de 0,65 a 0,80. Sin embargo, las variables «duración de los tratamientos» y «productos plaguicidas utilizados» presentaron índices de exactitud más bajos con sensibilidades entre 0,32 y 0,50.

Conclusiones

Los resultados sugieren que el cuestionario es un buen instrumento para la medición de algunas variables pero en otras reflejan la existencia de problemas de recuerdo. Esto hace necesario adoptar medidas que mejoren la exactitud de la medida de la exposición como la introducción en el cuestionario del tamaño del área tratada como otra variable que permita valorar la duración de la exposición y la utilización de listas de recuerdo de productos plaguicidas durante la entrevista.

Palabras clave:
Cuestionario
Validez
Exposición laboral
Plaguicidas
Trabajadores agrícolas
Summary
Objective

The aim of this study is to validate a questionnaire intended to assess retrospective occupational exposure to pesticides in a case control study of workers exposed to pesticides and congenital malformations.

Methods

Occupational data were gathered through personal interviews to 56 agricultural workers and this information was compared to: 1) personal interviews with the workers’ foremen, 2) direct observation of working places and 3) another questionnaire self-administered previously by the workers as a part of the «Training Program for Pesticide Aplicators».

Results

Accuracy and reliability indices are high for variables such as the crops where the interviewees have been working, the time period of the treatments with pesticides and the use of personal protection during treatments (sensitivity ranges between 0.81 and 1 and Kappa index ranges between 0.65 and 0.80). However, for variables such as the duration of the treatments and the pesticides used, sensitivity values range between 0.32 and 0.50.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the questionnaire is a valid tool for measuring some items but in order to improve the quality of the exposure assessment the questionnaire was modified, including a question about size of treated areas (as a proxy variable for duration of treatments) and prompt lists were developed to make easier recall by the workers of specific pesticides used in treatments.

Key words:
Questionnaire
Validity
Occupational exposure
Pesticides
Agricultural workers
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
World Health Organization.
Public Health impact of pesticides used in agriculture.
[2.]
D.S. Sharp, B. Eskenazi, R. Harrison, P. Callas, A.H. Smith.
Delayed health hazards of pesticide exposure.
Ann Rev Public Health, 7 (1986), pp. 441-471
[3.]
K. Hemminki, I. Satoniemi, K. Luoma, T. Salonen, H. Partanen, H. Vainio, et al.
Transplacental carcinogens and mutagens: childhood cancer, malformations and abortions as nsk indicators.
J Toxicol Environ Health, 6 (1980), pp. 1115-1126
[4.]
J.E. Gordon, C.M. Shy.
Agricultural chemical use and congenital deft lip and/or palate.
Arch Env Health, 36 (1981), pp. 213-220
[5.]
R. Balarajan, M. McDowall.
Congenital malformations and agricultural workers Lancet, 1 (1983), pp. 1112-1113
[6.]
J. Tikkanen, K. Kurppa, H. Timonen, P.C. Holmberg, E. Kuosma, K. Rantala.
Cardiovascular malformations, work attendance and occupational exposures during pregnancy in Finland.
Am J Ind Med, 14 (1988), pp. 197-204
[7.]
G. Ahlborg, C. Hogstedt, L. Bodin, S. Barany.
Pregnancy outcome among working women.
Scand J Work Env Health, 15 (1989), pp. 227-233
[8.]
M. Restrepo, N. Muñoz, N.E. Day, J.E. Parra, C. Hernández, M. Blett-ner, et al.
Birth defects among children born to a population occupationally exposed to pesticides in Colombia.
Scand J Work Environ Health, 16 (1990), pp. 239-246
[9.]
D.A. Schwartz, J.P. LoGerfo.
Congenital limb reduction defects in the agricultural setting.
Am J Pub Health, 78 (1988), pp. 654-657
[10.]
K. Kurppa, P.C. Holmberg, S. Hernberg, K. Rantala, R. Riala, T. Nurminen.
Screening for occupational exposures and congenital malformations.
Scand J Work Environ Health, 9 (1983), pp. 89-93
[11.]
O. Nanni, M. Ricci, C. Lugaresi, D. Amadori, F. Falcini, E. Bulatti.
Iterative use of a priori exposure matrices to improve the cha-racterization of chemical exposures in agricultural work studies.
Scand J Work Environ Health, 19 (1993), pp. 191-199
[12.]
L. Miligi, L. Settimi, G. Masala, P. Maiozzi, S. Alberghini, A. Seniorl, et al.
Pesticide exposure assessment: A crop exposure matrix.
Int J Epidemiol, 22 (1993), pp. S42-S45
[13.]
J.P. Daures, I. Momas, J. Bemon, F. Gremy.
A vine-growing exposure matrix in the Hérault area of France.
Int J Epidemiol, 22 (1993), pp. S36-S41
[14.]
T. Nurminen, K. Rantala, K. Kurppa, P.C. Holmberg.
Agricultural work during pregnancy and selected structural malformations in Finland.
Epidemiology, 6 (1995), pp. 23-30
[15.]
M. Maroni.
Indicadores biológicos para la valoración de la exposición a los compuestos químicos industriales: Plaguicidas orga-nofosforados.
pp. 54-76
[16.]
T.P. Kauppinen.
Assessment of exposure in occupational epidemiology.
Scand J Work Environ Health, 20 (1993), pp. 19-29
[17.]
A. Blair.
Pesticides. Rome: European Centre for Environment and Health.
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, (1993),
[18.]
J.V. Marti, E. Santolaria, V. Villanueva, M. Ferrer, V. Esteban, M.A. Cabrera, et al.
Condiciones de trabajo en la manipulación de plaguicidas de uso fitosanitario en la Comunidad Valenciana.
Valén-cia: Conselleria de Sanitat i Consum, Generalitat Valenciana, (1993), pp. 85-90
[19.]
J.L. Fleiss.
Statistical methods for rates and proportions.
pp. 212-235
[20.]
A. Blair, S.H. Zahm.
Methodologic issues in exposure assessment for case-control studies of cancer and herbicides.
Am J Ind Med, 18 (1990), pp. 285-293
[21.]
W.J. Hayes.
Handbook of pesticide toxicology,
[22.]
B. Eskenazi, K. Pearson.
Validation of a self administered questionnaire for assessing occupational and environmental exposures of pregnant women.
Am J Epidemiol, 28 (1988), pp. 1117-1129
Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Download PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?