Journal Information
Vol. 9. Issue 46.
Pages 42-52 (January - February 1995)
Vol. 9. Issue 46.
Pages 42-52 (January - February 1995)
Open Access
Revisión: Diseños Híbridos de Estudios de Cohortes y de Estudios de Casos y Controles
Review: Hibrid Designs of Cohort Studies and Case-control Studies
Visits
6799
Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez1,*, María Sillero2
1 Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria. Santander
2 Área de Programas de salud. Delegación de Salud y Consumo. Jaén
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumen

Se revisan en su conjunto los diseños híbridos de estudios de casos y controles y de estudios de cohortes. Dentro de su diseño se parte de las características de selección de los dos grupos que se comparan. La selección de los casos requiere la existencia de un sistema de registro o monitorización de la población de base. El tipo de muestreo de la referencia permite identificar los dos grandes tipos de diseños híbridos: el estudio de cohorte y casos (muestreo al inicio del período de riesgo de la población diana) y el estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte (muestreo habitualmente por densidad y emparejado). Se comentan las condiciones que permiten a la odds ratioestimar sin sesgo al riesgo relativo o a la razón de tasas, sin necesidad de asumir la condición de rareza de la enfermedad. Se resumen las ventajas, utilidades e inconvenientes de este tipo de diseños, así como las ventajas relativas entre ellos. Por último, se trazan las directrices generales de su análisis.

Palabras clave:
Diseños híbridos
Estudios de casos y controles
Estudio de cohortes
Summary

Hybrid epidemiologic designs combining elements from case-control studies and cohort studies are reviewed. Firstly, the characteristics of selection of both index group and reference group are commented on. The selection of cases requires a population-based disease registry. The type of selection of reference group permits to identify the main hybrid designs: the case-cohort approach, sampling from the base at the beginning of risk period, and the nested (within acohort) case-control studies, usually with a matched density sampling. The asumptions needed for estimating without bias relative risk or rate ratio via odds ratio and without needing the condition of disease rarity are revised. Advantages, uses, and drawbacks are summarized. Lastly, general guidelines for the analysis of these designs are displayed.

Key words:
Hibrid designs
Case-control studies
Cohort studies
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.M. Elwood.
Causal relationships in medicine. A Practical system for critical appraisal.
[2.]
M. Madure.
Taxonomic axes of epidemiologic study designs: a refutationist perspective.
J Clin Epidemiol, 44 (1991), pp. 1045-1053
[3.]
D.G. Kleinbaum, L.L. Kupper, H. Morgenstern.
Epidemiologic Research. Principles and Quantitative Methods.
[4.]
L.L. Kupper, A.J. Mc Michael, R. Spirtas.
A hybrid epidemiologic study design useful in estimating relative risk.
J Am Stat Assoc, 70 (1977), pp. 524-528
[5.]
O.S. Miettinen.
“Directionality” in epidemiologic research.
J Clin Epidemiol, 42 (1989), pp. 825-826
[6.]
B. MacMahon.
Prenatal X-ray exposure and childhood cancer.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 28 (1962), pp. 1173-1191
[7.]
C.J.R. Hogue, D.W. Gaylor, K.F. Schulz.
Estimators or relative risk for case-control studies.
Am J Epidemiol, 118 (1983), pp. 396-407
[8.]
F.D.K. Liddle, J.C. McDonald, D.C. Thomas.
Methods of cohorts analysis appraisal by application to asbestos mining.
J R Stat Soc(A), 140 (1977), pp. 469-491
[9.]
O.S. Miettinen.
Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies.
Am J Epidemiol, 103 (1976), pp. 226-235
[10.]
O.S. Miettinen.
Design options in epidemiologic research: an update?.
Scan J Work Environ Health, 8 (1982), pp. 7-14
[11.]
O.S. Miettinen.
Theoretical Epidemiology. Principles of Ocurrence Research in Medicine.
[12.]
L. Rodrigues, B.R. Kirkwood.
Case-control designs in the study of common diseases: updates on the demise of the rare disease assumption and the choice of sampling scheme for controls.
Int J Epidemiol, 19 (1990), pp. 205-213
[13.]
R.L. Prentice.
Acase-cohortdesignforepidemiologicstudies and disease prevention trial.
Biometrika, 73 (1986), pp. 1-11
[14.]
S. Greenland, D.C. Thomas.
On the need for the rare disease assumption in case-control studies.
Am J Epidemiol, 116 (1982), pp. 547-553
[15.]
B. MacMahon, J.F. Pugh.
Epidemiology. Principles and Methods.
[16.]
C. Diaz Molina, M. García Martín, A. Bueno Cavanillas, A. López Luque, M. Delgado-Rodríguez, R. Gálvez Vargas.
Estimación del coste de la infección nosocomial en una unidad de medicina intensiva.
Med Clin (Barc), 100 (1993), pp. 329-332
[17.]
R.I. Horwitz, A.R. Feinstein.
The application of therapeutic-trial principles to improve the design of epidemiologic research: a case control study suggesting that anticoagulants reduce mortality in patients with myocardial infarction.
J Chron Dis, 34 (1981), pp. 575-583
[18.]
J. Cornfield.
A method of estimating comparative rates fron clinical data. Applications to cancer of the lung, breast, and cervix.
J Natl Cancer Inst, 11 (1951), pp. 1269-1275
[19.]
M. Delgado-Rodríguez, M.A. Ramos-Cuadra, A. Bueno-Cavanillas, E. Jiménez-Romano, J. Guillén-Solvas, R. Gálvez-Vargas.
Nonincreased risk of nosocomial infection during a 22-day strike of housekeeping personnel in a tertiary hospital.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 14 (1993), pp. 706-712
[20.]
PA van den Brandt, R.A. Goldbohm, P. van't Veer, P. Bode, E. Dorant, R.J.J. Hermus, F. Sturmans.
A prospective cohort study on selenium status and the risk of lung cancer.
Cancer Res, 53 (1993), pp. 4860-4865
[21.]
O.S. Miettinen.
The “case-control” study: valid selection of subjects.
J Chron Dis, 38 (1985), pp. 543-548
[22.]
J.H. Lubin, M.H. Gail.
Biased selection of controls for case-control analyses of cohort studies.
Biometrics, 40 (1984), pp. 63-75
[23.]
S. Wacholder, J-F. Boivin.
External comparisons with the case-cohort design.
Am J Epidemiol, 126 (1987), pp. 1198-1209
[24.]
R. Ouellet-Hellstrom, W.F. Stewart.
Miscarriages among female physical therapists who report using radio-and microwave-frequency electromagnetic radiation.
Am J Epidemiol, 138 (1993), pp. 775-786
[25.]
N. Pierce.
What does the odds ratio estimate in case-control study.
Int J Epidemiol, 22 (1993), pp. 1189-1192
[26.]
S.T. Gershman, P.D. Stolley.
A case-control study of testicular cancer using Connecticut tumour registry data.
Int J Epidemiol, 17 (1988), pp. 738-742
[27.]
J.M. Martin Moreno, P. Boyle, L. Gorgojo, W.C. Willet, J. González, F. Villar, P. Maisonneuve.
Alcoholic beverage consumption and risk of breast cancer in Spain.
Cancer Causes Control, 4 (1993), pp. 345-353
[28.]
M. Nurminen.
Assessment of excess risks in case-base studies.
J Clin Epidemiol, 10 (1992), pp. 1081-1092
[29.]
B. Langhoz, D.C. Thomas.
Nested case-control and case-cohort methods of sampling from a cohort: acritical comparison.
Am J Epidemiol, 131 (1990), pp. 169-176
[30.]
S. Wacholder, M. Gail, D. Pee.
Selecting an efficient design for assessing exposure-disease relationships in an assembled cohort.
Biometrics, 47 (1991), pp. 63-76
[31.]
S. Wacholder, M. Gail, D. Pee, R. Brookmeyer.
Alternative varianceandefficiency calculations for the case-cohort design.
Biometrika, 76 (1989), pp. 117-123
[32.]
E.M. Guallar.
Alternativas al diseño tradicional en los estudios de cohortes: estudios de casos y controles híbridos, y estudios de cohortes de casos.
Rev Salud Públ, 2 (1991), pp. 151-167
[33.]
D. Commenges, T. Moreau.
Comparative efficiency of a survival-based case-control design and a random selection cohort design.
Stat Med, 10 (1991), pp. 1775-1782
[34.]
S. Wacholder.
Practical considerations in choosing between the case-cohortand nested case-control designs.
Epidemiology, 2 (1991), pp. 155-158
[35.]
R.R. Neutra, M.E. Drolette.
Estimating exposure-specific disease rates from case-control studies using Bayes’ theorem.
Am J Epidemiol, 108 (1978), pp. 214-222
[36.]
S. Greenland.
Adjustment of risk ratios in case-base studies (hybrid epidemiologic designs).
Atat Med, 5 (1986), pp. 579-584
[37.]
K.J. Rothman.
Modem Epidemiology.
[38.]
Nurminen M. Analysis of epidemiologic case-base studies for binary data.
[39.]
W.D. Flanders, R. Der Simonian, P. Rhodes.
Estimation of risk ratios in case-base studies with competing risks.
Stat Med, 9 (1990), pp. 423-435
[40.]
T. Sato.
Estimation of a common risk ratio in stratified case-cohort studies.
Stat Med, 11 (1992), pp. 1599-1605
[41.]
H.A. Kahn, C.T. Sempos.
Statistical methods in epidemiology.
[42.]
E.G. Schouten, J.M. Dekker, F.J. Kok, S. Le Cessie, H.C. van Houwelingen, J. Pool, J.P. Vandenbroucke.
Risk ratio and rate estimation in case-cohort designs: hypertension and cardiovascular mortality.
Stat Med, 12 (1993), pp. 1733-1745
[43.]
D.L. Preston, J.H. Lubin, D.A. Pierce, M.E. Mc Conney.
Epicure. User's Guide.
Copyright © 1995. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Download PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?