Journal Information
Vol. 4. Issue 18.
Pages 93-99 (May - June 1990)
Vol. 4. Issue 18.
Pages 93-99 (May - June 1990)
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La asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la utilización de los servicios sanitarios*
The Association Between Alcohol Intake and Health Services Utilization
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Armando Peruga**, Rosa María Martínez, Luisa Martín Sánchez, Encarnación Aracil Rodríguez
Instituto Regional de Estudios de la Consejería de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid
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La asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la utilización de los servicios sanitarios se examinó mediante un estudio transversal de la población general de Madrid. Esta asociación se estimó a través del cálculo de las Odds Ratios (ORs) mediante regresión logística.

Los resultados indican que, sobre todo, el consumidor moderado de alcohol utiliza los recursos sanitarios proporcionalmente menos que el abstemio. El consumo moderado está asociado de una manera estadísticamente significativa a unas menores utilización hospitalaria (OR=0,65 IC=0,48-0,89) y ambulatoria (OR=0,79 IC=0,66-0,95); a unas menores frecuentación ambulatoria (OR=0,79 IC=0,64-0,95), y de servicios de urgencia (C)R=0,38 IC=0,21-0,69). Tanto el consumo moderado como el excesivo están significativamente asociados a una menor duración de la estancia hospitalaria con OR de 0,41 (IC=0,21-0,79) y 0,29 (IC=0.11-0.73). respectivamente. El consumo excesivo, además, sólo está significativamente asociado a una menor frecuentación de los servicios de urgencia que los abstemios (C)R=0,43 10=0,19-0,97).

Los motivos de este efecto “protector”, especialmente del consumo moderado, son discutidos en relación con los diagnósticos causantes de la utilización de los servicios.

Palabras clave:
Consumo de alcohol
Utilización de servicios
Investigación de servicios
Summary

The association between alcohol consumption patterns and the use of health services was examined in a crossectional survey of the general population of the Region of Madrid. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds of moderate drinkers, excessive drinkers and non-drinkers to utilize health care services.

Our findings indicate that moderate drinkers have a lower probability of utilizing health care services as compared to non-drinkers. Specifically, moderate drinkers showed a lower probability of utilizing both hospital (OR=0.65 CI=0.48-0.89) and ambulatory care (OR=0.79 CI=0.66-0.95) services. Furthermore, the frequency of use of ambulatory (OR=079 CI=0.64-0.95) and emergency care services (OR=0.38 CI=0.21-0.69) was also lower for moderate drinkers. Excessive drinkers also showed a tendency to use emergency care services less frequently (OR=0.43 CI=0.19-0.93). Both moderate and excessive drinking were also significantly associated with a shorter length of stay as compared to non-drinkers. The odds ratios are 0.41 (CI=0.21-0.79) and 0.29 (CI=0.19-0.39) respectively.

Possible explanations of this “protective” effect of alcohol consumption, especially of moderate drinking, are discussed in relation to the diagnostic entities motivating the use of health care services.

Key words:
Alcohol consumption
Health services utilization
Health services research
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Resultados parciales de este estudio fueron presentados en la V Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología. San Sebastián, 1988. Estudio financiado por el Comité Conjunto Hispano-Norteamericano para la Cooperación Cientifico-Técnica.

Copyright © 1990. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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