Journal Information
Vol. 11. Issue 4.
Pages 171-175 (July - August 1997)
Vol. 11. Issue 4.
Pages 171-175 (July - August 1997)
Open Access
Evolución de la mortalidad por asma en los grupos de edad 5–34 y 5–44 años. España, 1975–1991
Evolution of asthma mortality in age groups 5–34 y 5–44 years. Spain, 1975–1991
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J.B. Bellido1,*, J. Sunyer2
1 Secció d’Epidemiologia. Direcció Territorial de Sanitat i Consum de Castelló
2 Departament d’Epidemiologia i Salut Pública. Instituí Municipal d’lnvestigació Médica. IMIM. Barcelona
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Abstract
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Fundamentos

La mortalidad por asma ha aumentado en la mayoría de países occidentales, pero su evolución es desconocida para España en los últimos años.

Método

Se analizan las variaciones de la mortalidad por asma de los grupos de edad 5-44 años (edad en la que se considera una causa evitable) y 5-34 años (cuando el diagnóstico de defunción por asma es válido) en España desde 1975 a 1991. Los datos de defunciones por asma (CIE-9a-493) provienen del Instituto Nacional de Estadística.

Resultados

Las tasas de mortalidad cruda por asma, ± error estándar, para el grupo de 5-34 años oscilan entre 0,09 ± 0,02 por 100.000 habitantes en 1979 a 0,30 ± 0,04 en 1989. Con las tasas estandarizadas por edad, se observa un aumento en la mortalidad por asma para el grupo de 5-34 años de un 1% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 0.2% a 1,9%) por cada año desde 1981. Este aumento no es significativo para el grupo de edad de 5-44 años: 0,6% (IC95% -0,01 a 1,3), debido a una tendencia negativa en el grupo de edad de 35-44. En el período 1987-1991 se produjo un aumento significativo en el grupo 5-34 años (p < 0,001) no explicado por la tendencia temporal.

Conclusiones

Se concluye que la mortalidad por asma en estos grupos de edad en España es rara y las tasas se encuentran entre las más bajas registradas en el mundo desarrollado, si bien, como en la mayoría de países, se observa un ligero incremento en edades 5-34 años. El aumento de la prevalencia y gravedad del asma podrían explicar dicho incremento, pero ello requiere de estudios específicos.

Palabras clave:
Mortalidad
Asma
Summary
Basics

Mortality caused by asthma has increased in most occidental countries, but its evolution has been unknown for Spain during the last few years.

Method

Variations of mortality caused by asthma of the age groups from 5 to 44 (age in which it is considered an avoidable cause) and from 5 to 34 years of age (when the diagnosis of decease by asthma is more valid) are analysed in Spain from 1975 to 1991. The data of deceases by asthma (CIE-9lh-493) have been supplied by the National Institute of Statistics.

Results

The rates of crude mortality by asthma, ± standard error, for the group from 5 to 34 years of age oscillate between 0.09 ± 0.02 every 100,000 inhabitants in 1979 to U.30 ± U.U4 in 1989. With the standarized rates according to age, we could observe an increase in the mortality caused by asthma for the group from 5 to 34 years of age in 1 % (confidence interval 95%, 0.2% to 1.9%) each year since 1981. This increase is not significant for the group from 5 to 44 years of age: 0.6% (IC95% -0.01 to 1.3), due to a negative tendency in the group from 35 to 44 years of age. In the period 1987-1989 there was a significant increase in the group from 5 to 34 years of age (p < 0.001) which could not be explained by the temporary tendency.

Conclusions

We conclude that mortality caused by asthma in these age groups in Spain is infrequent and the rates stay between the lowest registered in the developed world, although, as in most countries, there is a slight increase in the age from 5 to 34 years. The increase of the prevalence and severity of asthma could explain such increase, but this would require specific studies.

Key words:
Mortality
Asthma
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Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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