Identificar de las características diferenciales de positividad a alcohol en lesionados en accidentes de tráfico atendidos en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario.

Estudio transversal con sujetos de 18 años o mayores, lesionados en accidentes de tráfico, atendidos en el servicio de urgencias del Área de Traumatología del Hospital Vall d’Hebron, entre julio de 2001 y febrero de 2002.

La muestra incluyó a 431 pacientes. El 13,7% resultó positivo a la determinación de alcohol: se hallaron diferencias en los varones (odds ratio [OR] = 2,5; IC del 95%, 1,3-5,4) y los lesionados ingresados (OR = 2,7; IC del 95%, 1,3-5,4) y en los que fueron asistidos en fin de semana o festivo (OR = 3,7; IC del 95%, 2,0-6,9), de noche y madrugada (OR = 4,6; IC del 95%, 2,0-10,3) o durante la mañana (OR = 3,6; IC del 95%, 1,5-8,4).

Se ha determinado la existencia de subgrupos de lesionados en accidentes de tráfico con una mayor probabilidad de alcoholemia positiva, en los cuales deberían aplicarse programas de cribado y prevención secundaria más activos desde los servicios de urgencias y de traumatología.

To identify the differential features of positive blood alcohol level (BAL) in people injured in road crashes who were attended an acute care service.

Cross-sectional study of persons aged 18 years old or older injured in motor vehicle crashes who were attended in the Traumatology Emergency Department of Vall d’- Hebron Hospital (Spain) between July 2001 and February 2002.

The study sample included 431 patients. A positive alcohol test was found in 13.7% of the sample. A statistically significant and independent association was found between positive BAL and male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5 [95% CI, 1.3-5.4]), hospital admission (OR = 2.7 [95% CI, 1.3-5.4]), being attended on a weekend (OR = 3.7 [95% CI, 2.0-6.9]) and being attended during the night and early morning (OR = 4.6 [95% CI, 2.0-10.3]) or in the morning (OR = 3.6 [95% CI, 1.5-8.4]).

The present study identifies a subgroup of people injured in motor vehicle crashes with a greater likelihood of positive BAL, in whom more active screening and secondary prevention activities should be implemented within traumatology and acute care settings.