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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the relationship between state size &#40;measured in terms of public spending&#41; and public health indicators in a sample of countries representing all regions of the world and from 1990-2000&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An ecological study was performed using data on Central Government Spending &#40;CGS&#41; and per capita Gross National Product &#40;GNP&#41; obtained from the International Monetary Fund&#44; and on life expectancy&#44; maternal&#44; and infant mortality&#44; provided by the World Health Organization&#46; A multiple linear regression model was fitted to estimate the effect of CGS on health&#44; which also took into consideration per capita GNP and geographical region&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CGS varied little over the study period&#44; with convergence around an average of 28&#37;&#44; but within a relatively wide range &#40;7&#46;80-53&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#59; the countries with the strongest economies &#40;according to per capita GNP&#41; had the highest levels of CGS&#46; The influence of this factor was particularly relevant for the infant mortality rate &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;40&#59; beta<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;1&#46;327&#59; EE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;237&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;5&#46;590&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46; Per capita GNP and geographic location were also associated with variations in health&#59; health indicators tended to be worse for poorer countries in Africa and Asia&#46; In the adjusted model&#44; CGS was statistically significant with regard to infant and maternal mortality rates&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study suggests that state size &#40;in terms of public spending&#41; has an important influence upon health and particularly upon mortality&#46; Although it is important to bear in mind the limitations of this study and the reduced time window used&#44; these results should be taken into consideration in the current political and epidemiological debate&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Determinar la relaci&#243;n entre el tama&#241;o del Estado &#40;medido como el gasto p&#250;blico&#41; y los indicadores de salud en una muestra de pa&#237;ses de todas las regiones del mundo&#44; en la d&#233;cada de los noventa&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio ecol&#243;gico a partir de datos sobre gasto gubernamental central &#40;GGC&#41; y producto interior bruto &#40;PIB&#41; per c&#225;pita&#44; obtenidos del Fondo Monetario Internacional&#44; y de esperanza de vida&#44; mortalidad materna y mortalidad infantil&#44; de la Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud&#46; Se construy&#243; un modelo de regresi&#243;n lineal m&#250;ltiple&#44; para estimar el efecto del GGC sobre salud&#44; y se introdujo tambi&#233;n PIB per c&#225;pita y regi&#243;n&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El GGC var&#237;a poco durante el per&#237;odo estudiado&#44; convergiendo alrededor de una media del 28&#37;&#44; pero a&#250;n dentro de un amplio rango &#40;7&#44;80-53&#44;0&#37;&#41;&#59; los pa&#237;ses con econom&#237;as altas &#40;seg&#250;n PIB per c&#225;pita&#41; presentan mayor GGC&#46; Su efecto tiene especial importancia sobre la mortalidad infantile &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;40&#59; beta<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;1&#44;327&#59; EE<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;237&#59; t<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;5&#44;590&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Tambi&#233;n el PIB per c&#225;pita y la ubicaci&#243;n regional se asocian a los cambios en salud&#44; coincidiendo con el empeoramiento de los indicadores de salud en algunos pa&#237;ses pobres de &#193;frica y Asia&#46; En el modelo ajustado&#44; el GGC mantiene la asociaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica con mortalidad infantil y mortalidad materna&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio sugiere un efecto importante del tama&#241;o del Estado sobre la situaci&#243;n de salud&#44; espec&#237;ficamente sobre la mortalidad&#46; Aunque tienen limitaciones&#44; dada la reducida ventana temporal utilizada&#44; estos resultados deben ser considerados en el debate pol&#237;tico y epidemiol&#243;gico actual&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 19. Núm. 3.
Páginas 186-192 (mayo - junio 2005)
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Vol. 19. Núm. 3.
Páginas 186-192 (mayo - junio 2005)
Originales
Open Access
State size as measured in terms of public spending and world health, 1990-2000
Tamaño del Estado [gasto público] y salud en el mundo, 1990-2000
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Álvaro Francoa,
Autor para correspondencia
alvarofrancogiraldo@hotmail.com

Correspondence: Álvaro Franco. Departamento de Salud Pública. Universidad de Alicante. Apartado 99. Campus San Vicente del Raspeig. 03080 Alicante. España.
, Diana Gilb, Carlos Álvarez-Dardetb
a Observatorio de Políticas Públicas y Salud (OPPS). Universidad de Antioquia. Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública. Colombia. España
b Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Abstract
Objective

To determine the relationship between state size (measured in terms of public spending) and public health indicators in a sample of countries representing all regions of the world and from 1990-2000.

Methods

An ecological study was performed using data on Central Government Spending (CGS) and per capita Gross National Product (GNP) obtained from the International Monetary Fund, and on life expectancy, maternal, and infant mortality, provided by the World Health Organization. A multiple linear regression model was fitted to estimate the effect of CGS on health, which also took into consideration per capita GNP and geographical region.

Results

CGS varied little over the study period, with convergence around an average of 28%, but within a relatively wide range (7.80-53.0%); the countries with the strongest economies (according to per capita GNP) had the highest levels of CGS. The influence of this factor was particularly relevant for the infant mortality rate (r=0.40; beta=−1.327; EE=0.237; t=−5.590; p<0.001). Per capita GNP and geographic location were also associated with variations in health; health indicators tended to be worse for poorer countries in Africa and Asia. In the adjusted model, CGS was statistically significant with regard to infant and maternal mortality rates.

Conclusion

The study suggests that state size (in terms of public spending) has an important influence upon health and particularly upon mortality. Although it is important to bear in mind the limitations of this study and the reduced time window used, these results should be taken into consideration in the current political and epidemiological debate.

Key words:
Health. State
Public spending
Globalization
Ecological study
Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar la relación entre el tamaño del Estado (medido como el gasto público) y los indicadores de salud en una muestra de países de todas las regiones del mundo, en la década de los noventa.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio ecológico a partir de datos sobre gasto gubernamental central (GGC) y producto interior bruto (PIB) per cápita, obtenidos del Fondo Monetario Internacional, y de esperanza de vida, mortalidad materna y mortalidad infantil, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se construyó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, para estimar el efecto del GGC sobre salud, y se introdujo también PIB per cápita y región.

Resultados

El GGC varía poco durante el período estudiado, convergiendo alrededor de una media del 28%, pero aún dentro de un amplio rango (7,80-53,0%); los países con economías altas (según PIB per cápita) presentan mayor GGC. Su efecto tiene especial importancia sobre la mortalidad infantile (r=0,40; beta=−1,327; EE=0,237; t=−5,590; p<0,001). También el PIB per cápita y la ubicación regional se asocian a los cambios en salud, coincidiendo con el empeoramiento de los indicadores de salud en algunos países pobres de África y Asia. En el modelo ajustado, el GGC mantiene la asociación estadística con mortalidad infantil y mortalidad materna.

Conclusión

El estudio sugiere un efecto importante del tamaño del Estado sobre la situación de salud, específicamente sobre la mortalidad. Aunque tienen limitaciones, dada la reducida ventana temporal utilizada, estos resultados deben ser considerados en el debate político y epidemiológico actual.

Palabras clave:
Salud. Estado
Gasto público
Globalización
Estudio ecológico
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
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