array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0213911104718312"
  "issn" => "02139111"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(04)71831-2"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-05-01"
  "aid" => "71831"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2004"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2004;18:184-9"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3049
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 120
      "HTML" => 2388
      "PDF" => 541
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911104718324"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(04)71832-4"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-05-01"
    "aid" => "71832"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2004;18:190-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 7280
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 188
        "HTML" => 4396
        "PDF" => 2696
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Factores que influyen sobre la aparición de infecciones hospitalarias en los pacientes de cuidados intensivos"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "190"
          "paginaFinal" => "196"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Factors influencing hospital infection in patients in the intensive care unit"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Aurora Llanos-Méndez, Carmen Díaz-Molina, José Luis Barranco-Quintana, Visitación García-Ortúzar, Rafael Fernández-Crehueta"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Aurora"
              "apellidos" => "Llanos-Méndez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carmen"
              "apellidos" => "Díaz-Molina"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "José"
              "apellidos" => "Luis Barranco-Quintana"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Visitación"
              "apellidos" => "García-Ortúzar"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rafael"
              "apellidos" => "Fernández-Crehueta"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911104718324?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001800000003/v1_201310251527/S0213911104718324/v1_201310251527/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911104718300"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(04)71830-0"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-05-01"
    "aid" => "71830"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2004;18:177-83"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3311
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 147
        "HTML" => 2606
        "PDF" => 558
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Condiciones sociolaborales, conductas de riesgo y prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual en mujeres inmigrantes que ejercen la prostitución en Madrid"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "177"
          "paginaFinal" => "183"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Social and work conditions, risk behavior and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among female immigrant prostitutes in Madrid [Spain]"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "María José Belza, Petunia Clavo, Juan Ballesteros, Blanca Menéndez, Jesús Castilla, Santos Sanz, Natividad Jerez, Carmen Rodríguez, Flor Sánchez, Jorge del Romero"
          "autores" => array:10 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "María"
              "apellidos" => "José Belza"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Petunia"
              "apellidos" => "Clavo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan"
              "apellidos" => "Ballesteros"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Blanca"
              "apellidos" => "Menéndez"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jesús"
              "apellidos" => "Castilla"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Santos"
              "apellidos" => "Sanz"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Natividad"
              "apellidos" => "Jerez"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carmen"
              "apellidos" => "Rodríguez"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Flor"
              "apellidos" => "Sánchez"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jorge"
              "apellidos" => "del Romero"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911104718300?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001800000003/v1_201310251527/S0213911104718300/v1_201310251527/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Smoking cessation and associated factors during pregnancy"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "184"
        "paginaFinal" => "189"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Matías Torrent, Jordi Sunyer, Paul Cullinan, Xavier Basagaña, Jessica Harris, Oscar García, Josep Maria Antó"
        "autores" => array:8 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Matías"
            "apellidos" => "Torrent"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "mtorrent@smen.es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jordi"
            "apellidos" => "Sunyer"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Paul"
            "apellidos" => "Cullinan"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Xavier"
            "apellidos" => "Basaga&#241;a"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jessica"
            "apellidos" => "Harris"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Oscar"
            "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Josep"
            "apellidos" => "Maria Ant&#243;"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:2 [
            "colaborador" => "on behalf of the AMICS study group"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "fn0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#192;rea de Salut de Menorca-ib-salut&#46; Spain</span>"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Unitat de Recerca Respirat&#242;ria i Ambiental-Institut Municipal d&#8217;Investigaci&#243; M&#232;dica &#40;IMIM&#41;</span>"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Department of Pediatrics&#46; Hospital del Mar&#46; Barcelona&#46; Spain</span>"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine&#44; Imperial College &#40;NHLI&#41;&#46; London&#46; United Kingdom"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia&#58; &#193;rea de Salud de Menorca-ib-salut&#46; Barcelona&#44; 3&#46; 07701 Ma&#243; &#40;Menorca&#41;&#46; Espa&#241;a&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Cese del consumo de tabaco durante el embarazo y factores asociados"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2003-04-07"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2004-01-13"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268624"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Smoking"
            1 => "Smoking cessation"
            2 => "Pregnancy"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268623"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "H&#225;bito tab&#225;quico"
            1 => "Abandono del h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico"
            2 => "Embarazo"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To examine smoking habits before and during pregnancy&#44; as well as factors associated with smoking cessation&#44; in three European settings&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Women seeking antenatal care in Ashford &#40;UK&#41;&#44; Minorca and Barcelona &#40;Spain&#41; were recruited to the Asthma Multicenter Infant Cohort Study &#40;AMICS&#41;&#46; Questionnaires inquiring into the smoking habits of each woman and her partner&#44; demographic data&#44; occupation&#44; educational level&#44; number of previous children&#44; breast feeding&#44; alcohol intake&#44; and history of asthma and of other allergic diseases were completed during pregnancy and in the first year after delivery&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1 572 pregnant women were included in the three cohorts&#46; Smoking prior to pregnancy was more common in Barcelona &#40;46&#46;2&#37;&#41; than in Minorca &#40;39&#46;8&#37;&#41; or Ashford &#40;31&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Cessation rates during pregnancy also differed&#58; 18&#37; of women in Ashford&#44; 20&#46;4&#37; in Minorca and 31&#46;9&#37; in Barcelona were still smoking during the first trimester&#46; In a multivariate regression model&#44; the factors showing a significant &#40;negative&#41; association with smoking cessation during pregnancy were having older children&#44; having a partner who smoked and starting smoking at a young age&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline smoking habits and changes in smoking habits during pregnancy significantly differed between the three communities studied&#46; Women pregnant with their first child&#44; those who had started smoking at a later age and those whose partners were non-smokers were more likely to stop smoking when pregnant&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir el h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico antes y durante el embarazo y los factores asociados con su cese con relaci&#243;n al embarazo en distintos entornos europeos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha incluido en el estudio a las mujeres captadas durante el embarazo para participar en el estudio AMICS &#40;Asthma Multicentre Infant Cohort Study&#41; en Ashford &#40;Reino Unido&#41;&#44; Barcelona y Menorca &#40;Espa&#241;a&#41;&#46; Se administr&#243; un cuestionario durante el embarazo y otro durante el primer a&#241;o posparto&#44; que inclu&#237;a los siguientes aspectos&#58; h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico de la mujer y de su compa&#241;ero&#44; datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; ocupaci&#243;n&#44; nivel de estudios&#44; n&#250;mero de hijos previos&#44; lactancia materna&#44; consumo de alcohol e historia de asma y otras enfermedades al&#233;rgicas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre las 3 cohortes se incluy&#243; a un total de 1&#46;572 mujeres&#46; Antes del embarazo&#44; el porcentaje de mujeres fumadoras fue mayor en Barcelona &#40;46&#44;2&#37;&#41; que en Menorca &#40;39&#44;8&#37;&#41; o Ashford &#40;31&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Las tasas de abandono del h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico en relaci&#243;n con el embarazo tambi&#233;n variaron en cada cohorte&#44; de manera que durante el primer trimestre de embarazo continuaron fumando el 18&#37; en Ashford&#44; el 20&#44;4&#37; en Menorca y el 31&#44;9&#37; en Barcelona&#46; En un modelo de regresi&#243;n m&#250;ltiple&#44; tener hijos previos&#44; que el compa&#241;ero sea fumador y haber empezado a fumar m&#225;s joven muestran una asociaci&#243;n &#40;negativa&#41; con la probabilidad de abandonar el tabaco en relaci&#243;n con el embarazo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El consumo de tabaco antes y durante el embarazo muestra importantes diferencias en las 3 comunidades estudiadas&#46; Las mujeres en su primer embarazo&#44; que empezaron a fumar m&#225;s tard&#237;amente y cuyo compa&#241;ero no fuma son las que con mayor frecuencia abandonan el tabaco al quedarse embarazadas&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Members of the AMICS &#40;Asthma Multicentre Infants Cohort Study&#41; Group&#58; Ashford&#58; Paul Cullinan&#44; Jessica Harris&#44; Warwick Atkinson&#44; Pamela Mills&#44; Susan Moffat&#44; Carol White&#44; Meinir Jones&#44; Anthony Newman-Taylor&#59; Barcelona&#58; Gon&#231;al Figueras&#44; Oriol Vall&#44; Oscar Garc&#237;a&#44; Carme Puig&#44; Eva S&#225;nchez&#44; Josep M&#46; Ant&#243;&#44; Jordi Sunyer&#44; Xavier Basaga&#241;a&#59; Menorca&#58; Mat&#237;as Torrent&#44; M&#46; Victoria Estra&#241;a&#44; Mireia Garc&#237;a&#44; M&#46; Victoria Iturriaga&#44; Ana Follana&#44; Joaquim Puxan&#44; Josep Alegre&#44; Jaume Franch&#44; Neus Pons&#46; The AMICS study is coordinated by Maria Barnes&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:37 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Maternal smoking during pregnancy&#44; urine cotinine concentrations and birth outcomes&#46; A prospective cohort study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "X&#46; Wang"
                            1 => "I&#46;B&#46; Tager"
                            2 => "H&#46; Van-Vunakis"
                            3 => "F&#46;E&#46; Speizer"
                            4 => "J&#46;P&#46; Hanrahan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "978"
                        "paginaFinal" => "988"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9363518"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The aetiology of wheezing illnesses in childhood and adolescence&#58; a prospective study of the independent effects of passive smoking&#44; birth weight&#44; maternal age and socioeconomic status"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Lewis"
                            1 => "D&#46; Richards"
                            2 => "J&#46; Bynner"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "349"
                        "paginaFinal" => "356"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7789476"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46;D&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                            1 => "A&#46;L&#46; Wright"
                            2 => "L&#46;M&#46; Taussig"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199007123230215"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "323"
                        "paginaInicial" => "133"
                        "paginaFinal" => "138"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2163023"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0091674900645888"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00916749"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lung function&#44; pre-and post-natal smoke exposure and wheezing in the first years of life"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "I&#46;B&#46; Tager"
                            1 => "J&#46;P&#46; Hanrahan"
                            2 => "T&#46;D&#46; Tosteson"
                            3 => "R&#46;G&#46; Castile"
                            4 => "R&#46;W&#46; Brown"
                            5 => "S&#46;T&#46; Weiss"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/147.4.811"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "147"
                        "paginaInicial" => "811"
                        "paginaFinal" => "817"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8466114"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Changes in smoking and drinking behaviour before and during pregnancy in italian mothers&#58; implications for public health intervention"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Bonati"
                            1 => "G&#46; Fellin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "927"
                        "paginaFinal" => "932"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1800432"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking and drinking habits before and during pregnancy in Spanish women"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Bolumar"
                            1 => "M&#46; Rebagliato"
                            2 => "I&#46; Hern&#225;ndez-Aguado"
                            3 => "C&#46;D&#46; Florey"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "36"
                        "paginaFinal" => "40"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8138766"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking habits in early pregnancy and attitudes towards smoking cessation among pregnant women and their partners"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Haug"
                            1 => "L&#46;E&#46; Aaro"
                            2 => "P&#46; Fugelli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Fam Pract"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "494"
                        "paginaFinal" => "499"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1490545"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Change in smoking prevalence among pregnant women 1982-1993"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;J&#46; Stewart"
                            1 => "J&#46; Potter"
                            2 => "C&#46; Dulberg"
                            3 => "P&#46; Niday"
                            4 => "C&#46; Nimrod"
                            5 => "G&#46; Tawagi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Can J Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "37"
                        "paginaFinal" => "41"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7728714"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking before&#44; during and after pregnancy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; Fingerhut"
                            1 => "J&#46;C&#46; Kleinman"
                            2 => "J&#46;S&#46; Kendrick"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "541"
                        "paginaFinal" => "544"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2327529"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Influence of parental smoking on respiratory symptoms during the first decade of life&#58; the Tucson Children&#8217;s Respiratory Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;T&#46; Stein"
                            1 => "C&#46;J&#46; Holberg"
                            2 => "D&#46; Sherrill"
                            3 => "A&#46;L&#46; Wright"
                            4 => "W&#46;J&#46; Morgan"
                            5 => "L&#46; Taussig"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "149"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1030"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1037"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10355379"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking habits in early pregnancy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Cnattingius"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Addict Behav"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "453"
                        "paginaFinal" => "457"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2782127"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nottingham mothers stop smoking project &#8211; baseline survey of smoking in pregnancy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46;J&#46; Madeley"
                            1 => "P&#46;A&#46; Gillies"
                            2 => "F&#46;L&#46; Power"
                            3 => "E&#46;M&#46; Symonds"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Community Med"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "124"
                        "paginaFinal" => "130"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2787722"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trends in smoking during pregnancy in England&#44; 1992-7&#58; quota sampling surveys"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Owen"
                            1 => "A&#46; McNeill"
                            2 => "C&#46; Callum"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "317"
                        "paginaInicial" => "728"
                        "paginaFinal" => "730"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9732341"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of smoking among pregnant women is lower in Italy than England &#91;letter&#93;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Chatenoud"
                            1 => "F&#46; Chiaffarino"
                            2 => "F&#46; Parazzini"
                            3 => "G&#46; Benzi"
                            4 => "C&#46; La Vecchia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "318"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1012"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195985"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking habits among Danish pregnant women from 1989 to 1996 in relation to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Wisborg"
                            1 => "T&#46;B&#46; Henriksen"
                            2 => "M&#46; Hedegaard"
                            3 => "N&#46;J&#46; Secher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "77"
                        "paginaInicial" => "836"
                        "paginaFinal" => "840"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9776597"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking habits among pregnant women in Norway 1994-1995"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;M&#46; Eriksson"
                            1 => "K&#46; Haug"
                            2 => "K&#46;A&#46; Salvesen"
                            3 => "B&#46;I&#46; Nesheim"
                            4 => "G&#46; Nylander"
                            5 => "S&#46; Rasmussen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "77"
                        "paginaInicial" => "159"
                        "paginaFinal" => "164"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9512319"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "El embarazo como factor modulador de consumo de tabaco y alcohol"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            1 => "F&#46; Bosch"
                            2 => "E&#46; Jim&#233;nez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "150"
                        "paginaFinal" => "157"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9741168"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "El abandono del tabaquismo durante la gestaci&#243;n y la reca&#237;da"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Castellanos"
                            1 => "M&#46; Nebot"
                            2 => "A&#46; Paya"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prog Obstet Ginecol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "473"
                        "paginaFinal" => "480"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Determinants of smoking and cessation during and after pregnancy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Lu"
                            1 => "S&#46; Tong"
                            2 => "B&#46; Oldenburg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Promot Internation"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "355"
                        "paginaFinal" => "365"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The sociodemographic predictors of smoking cessation among pregnant women in Canada"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;K&#46; Connor"
                            1 => "L&#46; McIntyre"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Can J Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "90"
                        "paginaInicial" => "352"
                        "paginaFinal" => "355"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10570583"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Socioeconomic status and maternal cigarette smoking before&#44; during and after pregnancy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Najman"
                            1 => "A&#46; Lanyon"
                            2 => "M&#46; Andersen"
                            3 => "G&#46; Williams"
                            4 => "W&#46; Bor"
                            5 => "M&#46; O&#8217;Callaghan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aust N Z J Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "60"
                        "paginaFinal" => "66"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599854"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Which women stop smoking&#63; A population-based study of 403 pregnant smokers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Hakansson"
                            1 => "L&#46; Lendahls"
                            2 => "C&#46; Petersson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "217"
                        "paginaFinal" => "224"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10078584"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking among pregnant women and the significance of sociodemographic factors on smoking cessation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Wisborg"
                            1 => "T&#46;B&#46; Henriksen"
                            2 => "M&#46; Hedegaard"
                            3 => "N&#46;J&#46; Secher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ugeskr Laeger"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "158"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3784"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3788"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8686075"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking habits in early pregnancy related to age of smoking debut"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Haug"
                            1 => "L&#46;E&#46; Aaro"
                            2 => "P&#46; Fugelli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Fam Pract"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "66"
                        "paginaFinal" => "69"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8477897"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Partner&#8217;s smoking&#58; a major determinant for changes in women&#8217;s smoking behaviour during and after pregnancy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Nafstad"
                            1 => "G&#46; Botten"
                            2 => "J&#46; Hagen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "110"
                        "paginaInicial" => "379"
                        "paginaFinal" => "385"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8979756"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0091674901905627"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00916749"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factores determinantes del abandono del tabaquismo durante el embarazo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Jane"
                            1 => "M&#46; Nebot"
                            2 => "M&#46; Badi"
                            3 => "B&#46; Berjano"
                            4 => "M&#46; Mu&#241;oz"
                            5 => "M&#46;C&#46; Rodr&#237;guez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "132"
                        "paginaFinal" => "135"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking or quitting during pregnancy&#58; associations with background and future social factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Isohanni"
                            1 => "H&#46; Oja"
                            2 => "I&#46; Moilanen"
                            3 => "M&#46; Koiranen"
                            4 => "P&#46; Rantakallio"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Scan J Soc Med"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "32"
                        "paginaFinal" => "38"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Smoking prevalence among women in the European community 1950-1990"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Graham"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Soc Sci Med"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "243"
                        "paginaFinal" => "254"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8844928"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; &#193;lvarez Dardet"
                            1 => "S&#46; Peir&#243;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Informe SESPAS 2000"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "editorial" => "SESPAS"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Sevilla"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "titulo" => "Standard occupational classification&#46; Vol 3"
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Social classification and coding methodology"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "editorial" => "Office of Population Censuses and Surveys"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "London"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Stata corporation"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Stata&#58; Statistics&#47;data analysis&#44; release 5&#46;0"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "editorial" => "Texas"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "College station"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tendencias seculares del tabaquismo seg&#250;n el nivel educativo entre 1986 y 1996&#58; estudio MONICA-Catalu&#241;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Paluzie"
                            1 => "S&#46; Sans"
                            2 => "L&#46; Bala&#241;a"
                            3 => "T&#46; Puig"
                            4 => "F&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Sastre"
                            5 => "I&#46; Balaguer-Vintro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "303"
                        "paginaFinal" => "311"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11578559"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis en pelo de nicotina y cotinina para valorar el consumo y la exposici&#243;n ambiental al tabaco durante el embarazo&#58; un estudio piloto"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Segura"
                            1 => "S&#46; Pichini"
                            2 => "R&#46; Roig"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Toxicol"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "27"
                        "paginaFinal" => "32"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cord serum cotinine as a biomarker of fetal exposure to cigarette smoke at the end of pregnancy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Pichini"
                            1 => "X&#46; Basaga&#241;a"
                            2 => "R&#46; Pacifici"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Environ Health Perspect"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1079"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1083"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11102300"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "El proceso de abandono del tabaquismo&#58; teor&#237;a&#44; investigaci&#243;n y pr&#225;ctica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46;G&#46; Soto Mas"
                            1 => "J&#46; Valderrama"
                            2 => "H&#46; Balcazar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "numero" => "Supl 4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "49"
                        "paginaFinal" => "54"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12069716"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impacto del consejo m&#233;dico para dejar de fumar durante la gestaci&#243;n"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Castellanos"
                            1 => "M&#46; Nebot"
                            2 => "M&#46;T&#46; Rovira"
                            3 => "A&#46; Paya"
                            4 => "M&#46;I&#46; Mu&#241;oz"
                            5 => "R&#46; Carreras"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "556"
                        "paginaFinal" => "560"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12453389"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Consejo m&#233;dico para promover el abandono del consumo de tabaco en el embarazo&#58; gu&#237;a cl&#237;nica para profesionales sanitarios"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Garc&#237;a-Algar"
                            1 => "S&#46; Pichini"
                            2 => "R&#46; Pacifici"
                            3 => "E&#46; Castellanos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "481"
                        "paginaFinal" => "491"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14636506"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/02139111/0000001800000003/v1_201310251527/S0213911104718312/v1_201310251527/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "18705"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02139111/0000001800000003/v1_201310251527/S0213911104718312/v1_201310251527/es/main.pdf?idApp=WGSE&text.app=https://gacetasanitaria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911104718312?idApp=WGSE"
]
Compartir
Publique en esta revista
Información de la revista
Vol. 18. Núm. 3.
Páginas 184-189 (mayo - junio 2004)
Respuestas rápidas
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 18. Núm. 3.
Páginas 184-189 (mayo - junio 2004)
Open Access
Smoking cessation and associated factors during pregnancy
Cese del consumo de tabaco durante el embarazo y factores asociados
Visitas
6295
Matías Torrenta,**
Autor para correspondencia
mtorrent@smen.es

Correspondencia: Área de Salud de Menorca-ib-salut. Barcelona, 3. 07701 Maó (Menorca). España.
, Jordi Sunyerb, Paul Cullinand, Xavier Basagañab, Jessica Harrisd, Oscar Garcíac, Josep Maria Antób, on behalf of the AMICS study group *
a Àrea de Salut de Menorca-ib-salut. Spain
b Unitat de Recerca Respiratòria i Ambiental-Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM)
c Department of Pediatrics. Hospital del Mar. Barcelona. Spain
d Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Imperial College (NHLI). London. United Kingdom
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Abstract
Objective

To examine smoking habits before and during pregnancy, as well as factors associated with smoking cessation, in three European settings.

Methods

Women seeking antenatal care in Ashford (UK), Minorca and Barcelona (Spain) were recruited to the Asthma Multicenter Infant Cohort Study (AMICS). Questionnaires inquiring into the smoking habits of each woman and her partner, demographic data, occupation, educational level, number of previous children, breast feeding, alcohol intake, and history of asthma and of other allergic diseases were completed during pregnancy and in the first year after delivery.

Results

A total of 1 572 pregnant women were included in the three cohorts. Smoking prior to pregnancy was more common in Barcelona (46.2%) than in Minorca (39.8%) or Ashford (31.6%). Cessation rates during pregnancy also differed: 18% of women in Ashford, 20.4% in Minorca and 31.9% in Barcelona were still smoking during the first trimester. In a multivariate regression model, the factors showing a significant (negative) association with smoking cessation during pregnancy were having older children, having a partner who smoked and starting smoking at a young age.

Conclusions

Baseline smoking habits and changes in smoking habits during pregnancy significantly differed between the three communities studied. Women pregnant with their first child, those who had started smoking at a later age and those whose partners were non-smokers were more likely to stop smoking when pregnant.

Key words:
Smoking
Smoking cessation
Pregnancy
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir el hábito tabáquico antes y durante el embarazo y los factores asociados con su cese con relación al embarazo en distintos entornos europeos.

Métodos

Se ha incluido en el estudio a las mujeres captadas durante el embarazo para participar en el estudio AMICS (Asthma Multicentre Infant Cohort Study) en Ashford (Reino Unido), Barcelona y Menorca (España). Se administró un cuestionario durante el embarazo y otro durante el primer año posparto, que incluía los siguientes aspectos: hábito tabáquico de la mujer y de su compañero, datos demográficos, ocupación, nivel de estudios, número de hijos previos, lactancia materna, consumo de alcohol e historia de asma y otras enfermedades alérgicas.

Resultados

Entre las 3 cohortes se incluyó a un total de 1.572 mujeres. Antes del embarazo, el porcentaje de mujeres fumadoras fue mayor en Barcelona (46,2%) que en Menorca (39,8%) o Ashford (31,6%). Las tasas de abandono del hábito tabáquico en relación con el embarazo también variaron en cada cohorte, de manera que durante el primer trimestre de embarazo continuaron fumando el 18% en Ashford, el 20,4% en Menorca y el 31,9% en Barcelona. En un modelo de regresión múltiple, tener hijos previos, que el compañero sea fumador y haber empezado a fumar más joven muestran una asociación (negativa) con la probabilidad de abandonar el tabaco en relación con el embarazo.

Conclusiones

El consumo de tabaco antes y durante el embarazo muestra importantes diferencias en las 3 comunidades estudiadas. Las mujeres en su primer embarazo, que empezaron a fumar más tardíamente y cuyo compañero no fuma son las que con mayor frecuencia abandonan el tabaco al quedarse embarazadas.

Palabras clave:
Hábito tabáquico
Abandono del hábito tabáquico
Embarazo
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
X. Wang, I.B. Tager, H. Van-Vunakis, F.E. Speizer, J.P. Hanrahan.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy, urine cotinine concentrations and birth outcomes. A prospective cohort study.
Int J Epidemiol, 26 (1997), pp. 978-988
[2.]
S. Lewis, D. Richards, J. Bynner, et al.
The aetiology of wheezing illnesses in childhood and adolescence: a prospective study of the independent effects of passive smoking, birth weight, maternal age and socioeconomic status.
Eur Respir J, 8 (1995), pp. 349-356
[3.]
F.D. Martínez, A.L. Wright, L.M. Taussig, et al.
Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life.
N Engl J Med, 323 (1995), pp. 133-138
[4.]
I.B. Tager, J.P. Hanrahan, T.D. Tosteson, R.G. Castile, R.W. Brown, S.T. Weiss, et al.
Lung function, pre-and post-natal smoke exposure and wheezing in the first years of life.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 147 (1993), pp. 811-817
[5.]
M. Bonati, G. Fellin.
Changes in smoking and drinking behaviour before and during pregnancy in italian mothers: implications for public health intervention.
Int J Epidemiol, 20 (1991), pp. 927-932
[6.]
F. Bolumar, M. Rebagliato, I. Hernández-Aguado, C.D. Florey.
Smoking and drinking habits before and during pregnancy in Spanish women.
J Epidemiol Community Health, 48 (1994), pp. 36-40
[7.]
K. Haug, L.E. Aaro, P. Fugelli.
Smoking habits in early pregnancy and attitudes towards smoking cessation among pregnant women and their partners.
Fam Pract, 9 (1992), pp. 494-499
[8.]
P.J. Stewart, J. Potter, C. Dulberg, P. Niday, C. Nimrod, G. Tawagi.
Change in smoking prevalence among pregnant women 1982-1993.
Can J Public Health, 86 (1995), pp. 37-41
[9.]
L.A. Fingerhut, J.C. Kleinman, J.S. Kendrick.
Smoking before, during and after pregnancy.
Am J Public Health, 80 (1990), pp. 541-544
[10.]
R.T. Stein, C.J. Holberg, D. Sherrill, A.L. Wright, W.J. Morgan, L. Taussig.
Influence of parental smoking on respiratory symptoms during the first decade of life: the Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study.
Am J Epidemiol, 149 (1999), pp. 1030-1037
[11.]
S. Cnattingius.
Smoking habits in early pregnancy.
Addict Behav, 14 (1989), pp. 453-457
[12.]
R.J. Madeley, P.A. Gillies, F.L. Power, E.M. Symonds.
Nottingham mothers stop smoking project – baseline survey of smoking in pregnancy.
Community Med, 11 (1989), pp. 124-130
[13.]
L. Owen, A. McNeill, C. Callum.
Trends in smoking during pregnancy in England, 1992-7: quota sampling surveys.
BMJ, 317 (1998), pp. 728-730
[14.]
L. Chatenoud, F. Chiaffarino, F. Parazzini, G. Benzi, C. La Vecchia.
Prevalence of smoking among pregnant women is lower in Italy than England [letter].
BMJ, 318 (1999), pp. 1012
[15.]
K. Wisborg, T.B. Henriksen, M. Hedegaard, N.J. Secher.
Smoking habits among Danish pregnant women from 1989 to 1996 in relation to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 77 (1998), pp. 836-840
[16.]
K.M. Eriksson, K. Haug, K.A. Salvesen, B.I. Nesheim, G. Nylander, S. Rasmussen, et al.
Smoking habits among pregnant women in Norway 1994-1995.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 77 (1998), pp. 159-164
[17.]
A. López, F. Bosch, E. Jiménez, et al.
El embarazo como factor modulador de consumo de tabaco y alcohol.
Aten Primaria, 22 (1998), pp. 150-157
[18.]
M.E. Castellanos, M. Nebot, A. Paya, et al.
El abandono del tabaquismo durante la gestación y la recaída.
Prog Obstet Ginecol, 43 (2000), pp. 473-480
[19.]
Y. Lu, S. Tong, B. Oldenburg.
Determinants of smoking and cessation during and after pregnancy.
Health Promot Internation, 16 (2001), pp. 355-365
[20.]
S.K. Connor, L. McIntyre.
The sociodemographic predictors of smoking cessation among pregnant women in Canada.
Can J Public Health, 90 (1999), pp. 352-355
[21.]
J.M. Najman, A. Lanyon, M. Andersen, G. Williams, W. Bor, M. O’Callaghan.
Socioeconomic status and maternal cigarette smoking before, during and after pregnancy.
Aust N Z J Public Health, 22 (1998), pp. 60-66
[22.]
A. Hakansson, L. Lendahls, C. Petersson.
Which women stop smoking? A population-based study of 403 pregnant smokers.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 78 (1999), pp. 217-224
[23.]
K. Wisborg, T.B. Henriksen, M. Hedegaard, N.J. Secher.
Smoking among pregnant women and the significance of sociodemographic factors on smoking cessation.
Ugeskr Laeger, 158 (1996), pp. 3784-3788
[24.]
K. Haug, L.E. Aaro, P. Fugelli.
Smoking habits in early pregnancy related to age of smoking debut.
Fam Pract, 10 (1993), pp. 66-69
[25.]
P. Nafstad, G. Botten, J. Hagen.
Partner’s smoking: a major determinant for changes in women’s smoking behaviour during and after pregnancy.
Public Health, 110 (1996), pp. 379-385
[26.]
M. Jane, M. Nebot, M. Badi, B. Berjano, M. Muñoz, M.C. Rodríguez, et al.
Factores determinantes del abandono del tabaquismo durante el embarazo.
Med Clin (Barc), 114 (2000), pp. 132-135
[27.]
M. Isohanni, H. Oja, I. Moilanen, M. Koiranen, P. Rantakallio.
Smoking or quitting during pregnancy: associations with background and future social factors.
Scan J Soc Med, 23 (1995), pp. 32-38
[28.]
H. Graham.
Smoking prevalence among women in the European community 1950-1990.
Soc Sci Med, 43 (1996), pp. 243-254
[29.]
C. Álvarez Dardet, S. Peiró.
Informe SESPAS 2000, SESPAS, (1999),
[30.]
Standard occupational classification. Vol 3.
Social classification and coding methodology, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, (1991),
[31.]
Stata corporation.
Stata: Statistics/data analysis, release 5.0, Texas, (1997),
[32.]
G. Paluzie, S. Sans, L. Balaña, T. Puig, F. González-Sastre, I. Balaguer-Vintro.
Tendencias seculares del tabaquismo según el nivel educativo entre 1986 y 1996: estudio MONICA-Cataluña.
Gac Sanit, 15 (2001), pp. 303-311
[33.]
J. Segura, S. Pichini, R. Roig, et al.
Análisis en pelo de nicotina y cotinina para valorar el consumo y la exposición ambiental al tabaco durante el embarazo: un estudio piloto.
Rev Toxicol, 17 (2000), pp. 27-32
[34.]
S. Pichini, X. Basagaña, R. Pacifici, et al.
Cord serum cotinine as a biomarker of fetal exposure to cigarette smoke at the end of pregnancy.
Environ Health Perspect, 108 (2000), pp. 1079-1083
[35.]
F.G. Soto Mas, J. Valderrama, H. Balcazar.
El proceso de abandono del tabaquismo: teoría, investigación y práctica.
Gac Sanit, 15 (2001), pp. 49-54
[36.]
M.E. Castellanos, M. Nebot, M.T. Rovira, A. Paya, M.I. Muñoz, R. Carreras.
Impacto del consejo médico para dejar de fumar durante la gestación.
Aten Primaria, 30 (2002), pp. 556-560
[37.]
O. García-Algar, S. Pichini, R. Pacifici, E. Castellanos.
Consejo médico para promover el abandono del consumo de tabaco en el embarazo: guía clínica para profesionales sanitarios.
Aten Primaria, 32 (2003), pp. 481-491

Members of the AMICS (Asthma Multicentre Infants Cohort Study) Group: Ashford: Paul Cullinan, Jessica Harris, Warwick Atkinson, Pamela Mills, Susan Moffat, Carol White, Meinir Jones, Anthony Newman-Taylor; Barcelona: Gonçal Figueras, Oriol Vall, Oscar García, Carme Puig, Eva Sánchez, Josep M. Antó, Jordi Sunyer, Xavier Basagaña; Menorca: Matías Torrent, M. Victoria Estraña, Mireia García, M. Victoria Iturriaga, Ana Follana, Joaquim Puxan, Josep Alegre, Jaume Franch, Neus Pons. The AMICS study is coordinated by Maria Barnes.

Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?