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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describimos la magnitud y las tendencias de la obesidad en Espa&#241;a&#44; as&#237; como sus principales factores determinantes&#44; asociados al aumento de la ingesta energ&#233;tica y a la reducci&#243;n del gasto cal&#243;rico&#46; Estos determinantes incluyen tanto factores propios del individuo como de su entorno&#46; Tambi&#233;n se presentan las principales caracter&#237;sticas de la Estrategia para la Nutrici&#243;n&#44; Actividad F&#237;sica y Prevenci&#243;n de la Obesidad &#40;NAOS&#41; promovida por el Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo&#44; y los planes y actividades de las Comunidades Aut&#243;nomas&#44; para controlar este problema de salud&#46; Concluimos que es necesaria la implantaci&#243;n efectiva y mantenida en el tiempo de estas actividades&#46; Ello se debe acompa&#241;ar de la monitorizaci&#243;n de la frecuencia de la obesidad y sus determinantes en la poblaci&#243;n&#46;Tambi&#233;n debe potenciarse la investigaci&#243;n en este campo&#44; pues los determinantes sociales de la obesidad todav&#237;a son insuficientemente comprendidos y&#44; lo que es m&#225;s importante&#44; el conocimiento de la efectividad de muchas de las medidas propuestas es claramente incompleto&#46; En el futuro deber&#225; evaluarse adem&#225;s la efectividad de modelos de intervenci&#243;n utilizados para controlar la epidemia tab&#225;quica y que se empiezan a plantear&#44; dada la gravedad de la situaci&#243;n&#44; en el caso de la epidemia de obesidad&#46; Un ejemplo de este tipo de intervenciones es la limitaci&#243;n de la publicidad de productos pobres en nutrientes y con gran densidad energ&#233;tica dirigidos a los ni&#241;os&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 20. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2006: Los desajustes en la salud en el mundo desarrollado
Páginas 48-54 (marzo 2006)
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Vol. 20. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2006: Los desajustes en la salud en el mundo desarrollado
Páginas 48-54 (marzo 2006)
Open Access
Riesgos asociados a la dieta occidental y al sedentarismo: la epidemia de obesidad
Health-risks associated with western diet and sedentariness: the obesity epidemia
Visitas
1315
Juan Luis Gutiérrez-Fisaca, Miguel Ángel Royo-Bordonadab, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejoa,
Autor para correspondencia
fernando.artalejo@uam.es

Correspondencia: Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. España. Avda. Arzobispo Morcillo, s/n. 28029 Madrid. España.
a Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. España
b Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Madrid. España
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Resumen

Describimos la magnitud y las tendencias de la obesidad en España, así como sus principales factores determinantes, asociados al aumento de la ingesta energética y a la reducción del gasto calórico. Estos determinantes incluyen tanto factores propios del individuo como de su entorno. También se presentan las principales características de la Estrategia para la Nutrición, Actividad Física y Prevención de la Obesidad (NAOS) promovida por el Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, y los planes y actividades de las Comunidades Autónomas, para controlar este problema de salud. Concluimos que es necesaria la implantación efectiva y mantenida en el tiempo de estas actividades. Ello se debe acompañar de la monitorización de la frecuencia de la obesidad y sus determinantes en la población.También debe potenciarse la investigación en este campo, pues los determinantes sociales de la obesidad todavía son insuficientemente comprendidos y, lo que es más importante, el conocimiento de la efectividad de muchas de las medidas propuestas es claramente incompleto. En el futuro deberá evaluarse además la efectividad de modelos de intervención utilizados para controlar la epidemia tabáquica y que se empiezan a plantear, dada la gravedad de la situación, en el caso de la epidemia de obesidad. Un ejemplo de este tipo de intervenciones es la limitación de la publicidad de productos pobres en nutrientes y con gran densidad energética dirigidos a los niños.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad
Tendencias
Determinantes
Intervenciones
España
Abstract

We describe the magnitude and trends of obesity in Spain and of its main determinants, associated both with the increase in energy intake and the reduction of energy expenditure. Such determinants include factors from the individual subjects and from their environment. We also present the main features of the strategy for the Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Obesity, fostered by the Ministry of Health, as well as plans and activities carried out by the Regional Governments,to control this health disorder. We conclude that effective and sustained implementation of these activities is badly needed. It should be made along with the monitoring of obesity and its determinants in the general population. Research in this field should also be strengthened because social determinants of obesity are not known in depth, and the effectiveness of many of the interventions proposed by the national and regional initiatives is not well established yet. Moreover, in the next future, the effectiveness of intervention models applied to control the smoking epidemic must be assessed to examine its usefulness in the control of obesity. An example of this type of interventions is the limitation of the publicity of nutrient-poor and energy-dense foods addressed to children.

Key words:
Obesity
Trends
Determinants
Interventions
Spain
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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