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        "titulo" => "Pesticide application practices in agricultural workers"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se describen las caracter&#237;sticas sociodemogr&#225;ficas y los determinantes de la exposici&#243;n a plaguicidas en trabajadores agr&#237;colas aplicadores&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los trabajadores seleccionados fueron los incluidos en un estudio de casos y controles realizado en la Comunidad Valenciana&#46; Tras contacto telef&#243;nico&#44; los sujetos que hab&#237;an trabajado en agricultura durante el per&#237;odo relevante de exposici&#243;n eran entrevistados personalmente para recoger informaci&#243;n relacionada con la exposici&#243;n a plaguicidas&#58; cultivos y per&#237;odos trabajados&#44; realizaci&#243;n de mezclas&#44; equipos de aplicaci&#243;n utilizados&#44; participaci&#243;n en el lavado de equipos&#44; utilizaci&#243;n de protecci&#243;n personal durante los tratamientos y conocimiento del riesgo relacionado con la utilizaci&#243;n de plaguicidas&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; a 89 trabajadores con edades entre 16 y 46 a&#241;os&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los entrevistados ten&#237;a nivel de estudios primarios o inferior&#46; Predominaban los tratamientos realizados en cultivos altos &#40;82&#37;&#41;&#44; con equipos de aplicaci&#243;n manuales &#40;61&#37;&#41; y durante todo el a&#241;o &#40;45&#37;&#41;&#46; Los trabajadores se implicaban con frecuencia en tareas que conllevan exposici&#243;n adicional a plaguicidas &#40;realizaci&#243;n de mezclas de plaguicidas &#91;66&#37;&#93;&#44; o lavado de los equipos &#91;60&#37;&#93;&#41;&#46; Un 65&#37; de los trabajadores no utilizaba ning&#250;n tipo de protecci&#243;n personal o la utilizaba incorrectamente&#46; No se aprecian diferencias en cuanto a la utilizaci&#243;n de protecci&#243;n seg&#250;n edad&#44; ingresos familiares o nivel de estudios&#46; Una gran mayor&#237;a de trabajadores &#40;90&#37;&#41; declar&#243; conocer los riesgos para la salud de los plaguicidas&#44; el 21&#37; valoraba dicho riesgo como nulo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los aplicadores de plaguicidas utilizan muy deficientemente las medidas de protecci&#243;n personal&#46; Se evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar programas de prevenci&#243;n espec&#237;ficos para estos trabajadores&#46; Por otra parte&#44; los determinantes de la exposici&#243;n a plaguicidas descritos en este trabajo deben ser correctamente valorados en los estudios epidemiol&#243;gicos de los efectos de los plaguicidas sobre la salud en trabajadores agr&#237;colas&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We describe the sociodemographic characteristics and determinants of pesticide exposure in agricultural workers applying pesticides&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The workers selected were included in a case-control study carried out in the Autonomous Community of Valencia in Spain&#46; Contact was made by telephone and individuals who had been involved in agricultural work during the relevant period of exposure were interviewed face-to-face to gain information on the following determinants of pesticide exposure&#58; crops and periods worked&#44; mixing of products&#44; treatment equipment&#44; participation in the washing of equipment&#44; use of personal protection during the treatments and knowledge of the risks of pesticide exposure&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Eighty-nine workers&#44; aged between 16 and 46 years old&#44; were included&#46; Most of the interviewees had primary education or less&#46; Pesticide treatments were mostly applied on high crops &#40;82&#37;&#41;&#44; with manual equipment &#40;61&#37;&#41; and throughout the year &#40;45&#37;&#41;&#46; Workers frequently performed tasks involving additional exposure to pesticides &#40;mixing chemicals&#44; 66&#37;&#44; or washing equipment&#44; 60&#37;&#41;&#46; Sixty-five percent of the workers used no personal protection or used it defectively&#46; No differences were found in personal protection use according to age&#44; family income or education&#46; Most of the workers &#40;90&#37;&#41; reported knowledge of the health risks of pesticide exposure and 21&#37; of them rated the risk as null&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Workers involved in pesticide application use personal protection measures very defectively&#46; There is a clear need to develop specific prevention programs for these workers&#46; The determinants of pesticide exposure in agricultural workers described in this study should be properly assessed in epidemiological studies of the health effects of pesticides on agricultural workers&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 16. Núm. 3.
Páginas 236-240 (mayo - junio 2002)
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Vol. 16. Núm. 3.
Páginas 236-240 (mayo - junio 2002)
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Prácticas de utilización de plaguicidas en agricultores
Pesticide application practices in agricultural workers
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A.M. Garcíaa,
Autor para correspondencia
anagar@uv.es

Correspondencia: Ana M. García. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Avda. Tarongers, s/n. 46022 Valencia.
, A. Ramírezb,c, M. Lacasañac
a Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal. Universitat de València
b Unidad de Investigación de Salud Laboral. Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y Salud. Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Barcelona
c Centro de Salud Ambiental. Centro de Investigaciones en Salud Poblacional. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos. México
Este artículo ha recibido

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Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Se describen las características sociodemográficas y los determinantes de la exposición a plaguicidas en trabajadores agrícolas aplicadores.

Métodos

Los trabajadores seleccionados fueron los incluidos en un estudio de casos y controles realizado en la Comunidad Valenciana. Tras contacto telefónico, los sujetos que habían trabajado en agricultura durante el período relevante de exposición eran entrevistados personalmente para recoger información relacionada con la exposición a plaguicidas: cultivos y períodos trabajados, realización de mezclas, equipos de aplicación utilizados, participación en el lavado de equipos, utilización de protección personal durante los tratamientos y conocimiento del riesgo relacionado con la utilización de plaguicidas.

Resultados

Se incluyó a 89 trabajadores con edades entre 16 y 46 años. La mayoría de los entrevistados tenía nivel de estudios primarios o inferior. Predominaban los tratamientos realizados en cultivos altos (82%), con equipos de aplicación manuales (61%) y durante todo el año (45%). Los trabajadores se implicaban con frecuencia en tareas que conllevan exposición adicional a plaguicidas (realización de mezclas de plaguicidas [66%], o lavado de los equipos [60%]). Un 65% de los trabajadores no utilizaba ningún tipo de protección personal o la utilizaba incorrectamente. No se aprecian diferencias en cuanto a la utilización de protección según edad, ingresos familiares o nivel de estudios. Una gran mayoría de trabajadores (90%) declaró conocer los riesgos para la salud de los plaguicidas, el 21% valoraba dicho riesgo como nulo.

Conclusiones

Los aplicadores de plaguicidas utilizan muy deficientemente las medidas de protección personal. Se evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar programas de prevención específicos para estos trabajadores. Por otra parte, los determinantes de la exposición a plaguicidas descritos en este trabajo deben ser correctamente valorados en los estudios epidemiológicos de los efectos de los plaguicidas sobre la salud en trabajadores agrícolas.

Palabras clave:
Plaguicidas
Agricultura
Exposición laboral
Salud laboral
Abstract
Objective

We describe the sociodemographic characteristics and determinants of pesticide exposure in agricultural workers applying pesticides.

Methods

The workers selected were included in a case-control study carried out in the Autonomous Community of Valencia in Spain. Contact was made by telephone and individuals who had been involved in agricultural work during the relevant period of exposure were interviewed face-to-face to gain information on the following determinants of pesticide exposure: crops and periods worked, mixing of products, treatment equipment, participation in the washing of equipment, use of personal protection during the treatments and knowledge of the risks of pesticide exposure.

Results

Eighty-nine workers, aged between 16 and 46 years old, were included. Most of the interviewees had primary education or less. Pesticide treatments were mostly applied on high crops (82%), with manual equipment (61%) and throughout the year (45%). Workers frequently performed tasks involving additional exposure to pesticides (mixing chemicals, 66%, or washing equipment, 60%). Sixty-five percent of the workers used no personal protection or used it defectively. No differences were found in personal protection use according to age, family income or education. Most of the workers (90%) reported knowledge of the health risks of pesticide exposure and 21% of them rated the risk as null.

Conclusions

Workers involved in pesticide application use personal protection measures very defectively. There is a clear need to develop specific prevention programs for these workers. The determinants of pesticide exposure in agricultural workers described in this study should be properly assessed in epidemiological studies of the health effects of pesticides on agricultural workers.

key words:
Pesticides
Agriculture
Occupational exposure
Occupational health
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
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