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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n algunos autores&#44; cualquier conducta placentera podr&#237;a ser susceptible de convertirse en h&#225;bito y&#44; seg&#250;n las circunstancias&#44; en dependencia&#46; El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un repaso de la situaci&#243;n de las adicciones en Espa&#241;a y de las respuestas en pol&#237;ticas de salud que se han desplegado&#46; En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os Espa&#241;a ha experimentado un notable cambio en el tipo y en los patrones de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La evoluci&#243;n del consumo del tabaco sugiere que el pico de la epidemia ya ha pasado&#44; aunque la prevalencia es a&#250;n alta&#46; El consumo per capita de alcohol en los &#250;ltimos 25 a&#241;os se ha reducido en un 25&#37;&#46; Durante el mismo per&#237;odo&#44; el patron de consumo se ha modificado&#46; El consumo espor&#225;dico&#44; en episodios de &#171;atracones&#187; y la ingesta fuera de las comidas&#44; se ha revelado como uno de los patrones en alza&#46; Seg&#250;n el Observatorio Europeo de las Drogas y las Toxicoman&#237;as&#44; en Espa&#241;a el 27&#44;8&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n comprendida entre los 15 y los 64 a&#241;os ha consumido una droga il&#237;cita al menos una vez en su vida y esta prevalencia era del 38&#37; en la poblaci&#243;n de 15 a 34 a&#241;os&#46; El cannabis es la sustancia m&#225;s consumida &#40;29&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n de 15-64 a&#241;os&#41;&#44; seguida por la coca&#237;na &#40;5&#44;9&#37;&#41; y el &#233;xtasis &#40;4&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Espa&#241;a es el tercer pa&#237;s de la Uni&#243;n Europea en consumo de cannabis&#44; &#233;xtasis y anfetaminas y el primero en consumo de coca&#237;na&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Con respecto a las denominadas adicciones comportamentales&#44; no existe consenso en el campo de la psiquiatr&#237;a&#46; La &#250;nica adicci&#243;n psicol&#243;gica con criterios diagn&#243;sticos claros es el juego patol&#243;gico&#44; el resto &#40;Internet&#44; sexo&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; probablemente por su novedad&#44; sigue siendo objeto de controversia&#46; Las nuevas adicciones&#44; tanto las producidas por nuevas sustancias como las del comportamiento&#44; van en paralelo al desarrollo de las sociedades industrializadas&#44; al ocio&#44; al tiempo libre y a una nueva forma de vida&#46; &#201;ste es un nuevo reto para la salud p&#250;blica&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">According to certain authors&#44; any pleasure giving behaviour may become a habit&#44; and depending on the circumstances&#44; an addiction&#46; The objective of this study is to examine the situation of addictions in Spain and the responses generated by health policies&#46; In recent years&#44; both the type and pattern of drug consumption in Spain&#44; has undergone a noticeable change&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Studies of the evolution of tobacco consumption suggest that the peak has passed&#44; even though prevalence is still high&#46; Alcohol consumption per capita has fallen by 25&#37; in the last 25 years&#46; During the same period&#44; pattern of consumption has been modified&#46; Sporadic drinking&#44; in episodes of binging and drinking away from meals&#44; is one of the patterns on the rise&#46; According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction&#44; in Spain&#44; 27&#46;8&#37; of the population between 15- 64 years old has consumed an illegal drug at least once in their lives&#44; with the prevalence rising to 38&#37; among the 15- 34 year olds&#46; Cannabis is the most consumed &#40;29&#37; among 15&#8211;64 age group&#41;&#44; followed by cocaine &#40;5&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; and ecstasy &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Spain&#44; comparing with other countries of European Union&#44; is the third in cannabis&#44; ecstasy&#44; and amphetamine and the first in cocaine consumption&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">With respect to the so-called behavioral addictions&#44; no consensus in the field of psychiatry has been reached&#46; The only psychological addiction with clear diagnostic criteria is gambling&#46; The rest &#40;Internet&#44; sex&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; perhaps for their novelty&#44; continue to be the object of controversy&#46; New addictions&#44; as much to addictive substances as to addictive behaviors&#44; run parallel to the development of industrialized societies&#44; leisure&#44; free time&#44; and a new way of life&#46; This is the new challenge for Public Health&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 20. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2006: Los desajustes en la salud en el mundo desarrollado
Páginas 55-62 (marzo 2006)
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Vol. 20. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2006: Los desajustes en la salud en el mundo desarrollado
Páginas 55-62 (marzo 2006)
Open Access
Nuevas y viejas adicciones: implicaciones para la salud pública
New and old addictions: implications for Public Health
Visitas
1215
María Teresa Brugal
Autor para correspondencia
tbrugal@aspb.es

Correspondencia: María Teresa Brugal. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Plaza Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona.
, Alicia Rodríguez-Martos, Joan R. Villalbí
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
Este artículo ha recibido

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Información del artículo
Resumen

Según algunos autores, cualquier conducta placentera podría ser susceptible de convertirse en hábito y, según las circunstancias, en dependencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un repaso de la situación de las adicciones en España y de las respuestas en políticas de salud que se han desplegado. En los últimos años España ha experimentado un notable cambio en el tipo y en los patrones de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas.

La evolución del consumo del tabaco sugiere que el pico de la epidemia ya ha pasado, aunque la prevalencia es aún alta. El consumo per capita de alcohol en los últimos 25 años se ha reducido en un 25%. Durante el mismo período, el patron de consumo se ha modificado. El consumo esporádico, en episodios de «atracones» y la ingesta fuera de las comidas, se ha revelado como uno de los patrones en alza. Según el Observatorio Europeo de las Drogas y las Toxicomanías, en España el 27,8% de la población comprendida entre los 15 y los 64 años ha consumido una droga ilícita al menos una vez en su vida y esta prevalencia era del 38% en la población de 15 a 34 años. El cannabis es la sustancia más consumida (29% de la población de 15-64 años), seguida por la cocaína (5,9%) y el éxtasis (4,6%). España es el tercer país de la Unión Europea en consumo de cannabis, éxtasis y anfetaminas y el primero en consumo de cocaína.

Con respecto a las denominadas adicciones comportamentales, no existe consenso en el campo de la psiquiatría. La única adicción psicológica con criterios diagnósticos claros es el juego patológico, el resto (Internet, sexo, etc.), probablemente por su novedad, sigue siendo objeto de controversia. Las nuevas adicciones, tanto las producidas por nuevas sustancias como las del comportamiento, van en paralelo al desarrollo de las sociedades industrializadas, al ocio, al tiempo libre y a una nueva forma de vida. Éste es un nuevo reto para la salud pública.

Palabras clave:
Adicción
Abuso de sustancias
Tabaco
Alcohol
Cocaína
Juego patológico
Políticas públicas
Abstract

According to certain authors, any pleasure giving behaviour may become a habit, and depending on the circumstances, an addiction. The objective of this study is to examine the situation of addictions in Spain and the responses generated by health policies. In recent years, both the type and pattern of drug consumption in Spain, has undergone a noticeable change.

Studies of the evolution of tobacco consumption suggest that the peak has passed, even though prevalence is still high. Alcohol consumption per capita has fallen by 25% in the last 25 years. During the same period, pattern of consumption has been modified. Sporadic drinking, in episodes of binging and drinking away from meals, is one of the patterns on the rise. According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, in Spain, 27.8% of the population between 15- 64 years old has consumed an illegal drug at least once in their lives, with the prevalence rising to 38% among the 15- 34 year olds. Cannabis is the most consumed (29% among 15–64 age group), followed by cocaine (5.9%), and ecstasy (4.6%). Spain, comparing with other countries of European Union, is the third in cannabis, ecstasy, and amphetamine and the first in cocaine consumption.

With respect to the so-called behavioral addictions, no consensus in the field of psychiatry has been reached. The only psychological addiction with clear diagnostic criteria is gambling. The rest (Internet, sex, etc.), perhaps for their novelty, continue to be the object of controversy. New addictions, as much to addictive substances as to addictive behaviors, run parallel to the development of industrialized societies, leisure, free time, and a new way of life. This is the new challenge for Public Health.

Key words:
Addiction
Substance abuse
Tobacco
Alcohol
Cocaine
Gambling
Public polices
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
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