Nuevas y viejas adicciones: implicaciones para la salud pública
New and old addictions: implications for Public Health
María Teresa Brugal
, Alicia Rodríguez-Martos, Joan R. Villalbí
Autor para correspondencia
tbrugal@aspb.es
Correspondencia: María Teresa Brugal. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Plaza Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona.
Correspondencia: María Teresa Brugal. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Plaza Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona.
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
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Villalbí" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "Teresa Brugal" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "tbrugal@aspb.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alicia" "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Martos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Joan R." "apellidos" => "Villalbí" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Barcelona. España" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: María Teresa Brugal. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona. Plaza Lesseps, 1. 08023 Barcelona." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "New and old addictions: implications for Public Health" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13941" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "Adicción" 1 => "Abuso de sustancias" 2 => "Tabaco" 3 => "Alcohol" 4 => "Cocaína" 5 => "Juego patológico" 6 => "Políticas públicas" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13942" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "Addiction" 1 => "Substance abuse" 2 => "Tobacco" 3 => "Alcohol" 4 => "Cocaine" 5 => "Gambling" 6 => "Public polices" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Según algunos autores, cualquier conducta placentera podría ser susceptible de convertirse en hábito y, según las circunstancias, en dependencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un repaso de la situación de las adicciones en España y de las respuestas en políticas de salud que se han desplegado. En los últimos años España ha experimentado un notable cambio en el tipo y en los patrones de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La evolución del consumo del tabaco sugiere que el pico de la epidemia ya ha pasado, aunque la prevalencia es aún alta. El consumo per capita de alcohol en los últimos 25 años se ha reducido en un 25%. Durante el mismo período, el patron de consumo se ha modificado. El consumo esporádico, en episodios de «atracones» y la ingesta fuera de las comidas, se ha revelado como uno de los patrones en alza. Según el Observatorio Europeo de las Drogas y las Toxicomanías, en España el 27,8% de la población comprendida entre los 15 y los 64 años ha consumido una droga ilícita al menos una vez en su vida y esta prevalencia era del 38% en la población de 15 a 34 años. El cannabis es la sustancia más consumida (29% de la población de 15-64 años), seguida por la cocaína (5,9%) y el éxtasis (4,6%). España es el tercer país de la Unión Europea en consumo de cannabis, éxtasis y anfetaminas y el primero en consumo de cocaína.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Con respecto a las denominadas adicciones comportamentales, no existe consenso en el campo de la psiquiatría. La única adicción psicológica con criterios diagnósticos claros es el juego patológico, el resto (Internet, sexo, etc.), probablemente por su novedad, sigue siendo objeto de controversia. Las nuevas adicciones, tanto las producidas por nuevas sustancias como las del comportamiento, van en paralelo al desarrollo de las sociedades industrializadas, al ocio, al tiempo libre y a una nueva forma de vida. Éste es un nuevo reto para la salud pública.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">According to certain authors, any pleasure giving behaviour may become a habit, and depending on the circumstances, an addiction. The objective of this study is to examine the situation of addictions in Spain and the responses generated by health policies. In recent years, both the type and pattern of drug consumption in Spain, has undergone a noticeable change.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Studies of the evolution of tobacco consumption suggest that the peak has passed, even though prevalence is still high. Alcohol consumption per capita has fallen by 25% in the last 25 years. During the same period, pattern of consumption has been modified. Sporadic drinking, in episodes of binging and drinking away from meals, is one of the patterns on the rise. According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, in Spain, 27.8% of the population between 15- 64 years old has consumed an illegal drug at least once in their lives, with the prevalence rising to 38% among the 15- 34 year olds. Cannabis is the most consumed (29% among 15–64 age group), followed by cocaine (5.9%), and ecstasy (4.6%). Spain, comparing with other countries of European Union, is the third in cannabis, ecstasy, and amphetamine and the first in cocaine consumption.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">With respect to the so-called behavioral addictions, no consensus in the field of psychiatry has been reached. The only psychological addiction with clear diagnostic criteria is gambling. The rest (Internet, sex, etc.), perhaps for their novelty, continue to be the object of controversy. New addictions, as much to addictive substances as to addictive behaviors, run parallel to the development of industrialized societies, leisure, free time, and a new way of life. This is the new challenge for Public Health.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:37 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Internet addiction: does it really exist?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. 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Información del artículo
ISSN: 02139111Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1157/13086027
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