Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and animals. In humans it usually causes respiratory tract infections, from the common cold to serious illnesses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The disease is mainly spread between people through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. The virus can survive up to three days with plastic and stainless steel SARS CoV-2 surviving for up to three days, or in aerosols for 3h.1

From 31 December 2019 to 3 January 2020, this case increased rapidly, marked by the reporting of 44 cases. In less than a month, the disease has spread to various other provinces in China, Thailand, Japan, and South Korea.2

Initially, the disease was temporarily named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), then WHO announced a new name on February 11, 2020, namely Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. This virus can be transmitted from person to person and has spread widely in China and more than 190 other countries and territories. On 12 March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic.3

The President of the Republic of Indonesia has declared the status of this disease to be the Emergency Response stage on March 17, 2020. The President has also issued Presidential Decree No. 7 of 2020 concerning the Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling Corona, chaired by the Head of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). This Task Force aims to increase national resilience in the health sector; accelerating the handling of COVID-19 through synergy between ministries/agencies and local governments; increase anticipation of the development of the escalation of the spread of COVID-19; improve synergy in operational policy making; and improve preparedness and capacity to prevent, detect and respond to COVID-19.4

In December 2019, cases of mysterious pneumonia were first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The source of the transmission of this case is still not known for sure, but the first case was linked to a fish market in Wuhan from 18 December to 29 December 2019, where five patients were treated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).5

Most of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 show respiratory symptoms such as fever, coughing, sneezing, and shortness of breath. Based on data from 55,924 cases, the most common symptoms were fever, dry cough and fatigue. Other symptoms that can be found are productive cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, headache, myalgia/arthralgia, chills, nausea/vomiting, nasal congestion, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hemoptysis, and conjunctival congestion.6

More than 40% of the fever in COVID-19 patients had a peak temperature between 38.1 and 39°C while 34% had a fever with a temperature of more than 39°C. The course of the disease began with an incubation period of about 3–14 days (median 5 days). At this time the leukocytes and lymphocytes are still normal or slightly decreased and the patient is asymptomatic. In the next phase (early symptoms), the virus spreads through the bloodstream, presumably mainly in tissues that express ACE2 such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and heart. Symptoms in this phase are generally mild. The second attack occurs four to seven days after the initial symptoms appear. At this time the patient is still feverish and starts to have tightness, the lesions in the lungs worsen, the lymphocytes decrease. The markers of inflammation begin to increase and hypercoagulation begins. If not resolved, the next phase of inflammation becomes increasingly uncontrolled, a cytokine storm occurs which results in ARDS, sepsis, and other complications.7–9

Comorbid is a condition of a patient who has two or more chronic illnesses. Comorbid diseases can include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney disorders, autoimmune, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and tuberculosis. Cormobid disease suffered by patients can worsen Corona virus infection, so that the number of deaths due to Covid-19 is increasing. During the Covid-19 pandemic, cooperation of all parties is needed to handle it. Guidelines for therapy management are needed that are easy to understand and can be applied by various parties.10 The management of neonates born can be seen in Table 1.

The methodology of this research is indirect observation. Existing data analyzed with a preventive intervention approach and then described with a qualitative descriptive method.

Based on research that has been carried out, infection with the COVID-19 virus in pregnant women can not only cause severe symptoms in the mother, but also poses a risk of harm to the baby they are carrying. In pregnant women, COVID 19 can also have an impact on various kinds of complaints such as obstetric complaints such as childbirth

Therefore, preventive measures need to be taken so that pregnant women are not easily infected with the Corona virus. If the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result is positive, ideally the patient is treated in a special isolation room at the hospital, but if the treatment room is limited, patients with mild or asymptomatic symptoms can self-isolate. All pregnant women with persistent cough, dyspnea, or chest pain should undergo a chest X-ray with fetal protection.

COVID-19 is a new disease that has become a pandemic. This disease should be watched out for because transmission is relatively fast, has a mortality rate that cannot be ignored, and there is no definitive therapy. There are still many knowledge gaps in this field, so further studies are needed.

The management of COVID-19 is based on the classification of the severity of cases, which are divided into several groups, namely without symptoms, mild symptoms, moderate symptoms, severe and critical symptoms.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.