Breast milk is a fat emulsion in protein, lactose, and organic salts secreted by both breast glands of the mother as the primary food for babies. Breast milk is the best living fluid that babies need. However, there are still many mothers who do not want to breastfeed their babies for various reasons. In Indonesia, the number of mothers who give breast milk to babies is minimal, even though the National target reaches 80%. This is due to the lack of knowledge about breast milk, whereas the nutritional content of breast milk can meet the baby's needs.1

Educational media is a tool that explains part or all of the learning program that is difficult to explain verbally. Educational media can be learning materials, training questions, videos, games, and others. Android-based educational media provides its nuances for students. Using audio visual, teaching materials that are difficult to explain descriptively can be simulated easily either in video or animation, even into a game.2

Due to customs and culture and poor perception of breast milk, causing many mothers not to give breast milk to their babies, therefore it is expected that education about breast milk can motivate mothers to breastfeed their babies so that the number of mothers who breastfeed their babies can increase from year to year and later be able to reach the national target figures.3

With the support of theory and literature study conducted on mothers who use multimedia as an education about breast milk, the author is interested to find out how effectively education with multimedia can increase maternal knowledge?

The research design reviewed in this literature review uses quasi-experiment design and pretest and post-test group control group. Instruments in the study were reviewed using questionnaires. Reviewed study types use multimedia to help improve knowledge. Articles reviewed are limited to multimedia in the form of applications as samples observed in the literature review.

Included in the inclusion criteria are educational interventions using multimedia with limited effect on improving knowledge. The literature review uses published articles. Searches were done using Proquest, PubMed, and Google (Scholar) with selected variable keywords. The articles that have been obtained are read and studied, and selected using the inclusion criteria that have been set by the author to be used as a literature review. Article search is limited only from 2011 to 2020, accessed in PDF format, and has a quasi-experimental design and post-test pretest. Published research articles that conduct multimedia education proven to increase knowledge will be included in the literature review (Table 1).

Articles to be analyzed. Extracted and synthesized then determined its evidence. After obtaining the results of the analysis of articles that new authors have done can conclude the effects of the use of multimedia education.

The data extracted from the article into a table form are the title of the study, the researcher's name, the year of publication, the method, the number of samples from the intervention group, the tools used when the study was complete with its significance value after the entire article is read and analyzed and then extracted in the form of a table to make the reader easier to understand.

Predefined keywords are used to search for articles, and subsequently, the articles obtained are sorted based on predetermined criteria. After being selected four articles, the four articles were then analyzed. Below are four lists of articles extracted into table form (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.

Articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.

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From the search for articles conducted, there are four articles, the research methods of articles analyzed are diverse, the research methods are quasi-experiments, post-test design with one group or two groups. The research places are all in Indonesia but different provinces, namely Bali, South Kalimantan, Central Java, and West Java. The first article of the study results had the effect of increasing knowledge after breastfeeding with a value of p<0.05. The second article showed a difference in knowledge improvement between the two groups with a p-value of 0.00 (p<0.05). We can see the difference in improvement both in attitude and knowledge. The third article's results showed differences in knowledge improvement between the intervention and control groups with a value of p: 0.001 (Table 2).

The difference in average attitude for both methods is 2.60 with 95% CI (0.85–4.34) and p=0.004 or p<0.05. The t-test showed that multimedia methods have differences from face-to-face methods in improving knowledge and attitudes about breast milk and breastfeeding.

Determination of inclusion criteria in finding articles to be created literature review shows affects the results of the number of articles that match the criteria that have been set. Articles using quasi-experimental methods and one group of post-test design from 2011 until 2021 are very limited in number. Therefore the authors also include research with two groups, and that is still related to educational media as one of the articles to be analyzed. The results obtained in the end only obtained four research articles on breast milk education media. After the article was read, the results showed that education through the media could increase knowledge and change the attitude of mothers and fathers to support breastfeeding.4 Media in health education can be diverse. Today, the use of information technology is vigorous.5

Articles about the use of media as breast milk education are still less published, but the article found can already be used as a reference because the article displayed is an article that has been published from good literature and official. The number of articles discussing influence is also strong enough to prove that educational media is very good to improve people's knowledge. In the future, more and more breast milk education media is expected so that the public will know more about the benefits of breast milk, and it is expected that people are encouraged by their motivation to give breast milk to their children.6

The results of the literature review that has been done show that there is an increase in knowledge by using educational media. Not only knowledge but also the attitude and perception of breast milk are getting better, so it motivates mothers and fathers to support exclusive breastfeeding programs in their children.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.