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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar los factores de riesgo psicosocial&#44; que hacen referencia a las exigencias psicol&#243;gicas&#44; percibidos por los m&#233;dicos especialistas de seis hospitales p&#250;blicos de la provincia de Valencia&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio realizado mediante metodolog&#237;a cualitativa&#46; La poblaci&#243;n estudiada ha sido personal facultativo especialista hospitalario &#40;medicina interna&#44; oncolog&#237;a&#44; traumatolog&#237;a&#44; unidad de cuidados intensivos &#91;UCI&#93; y radiolog&#237;a&#41; de seis hospitales p&#250;blicos de la provincia de Valencia&#46; Una encuestadora especializada llev&#243; a cabo 47 entrevistas semiestructuradas de manera individual y presencial&#46; Las variables estructurales que se tuvieron en cuenta para la elecci&#243;n de los participantes en el estudio fueron&#58; el sexo&#44; la edad&#44; el estado civil&#44; las cargas familiares&#44; la especialidad m&#233;dica&#44; la categor&#237;a profesional&#44; la antig&#252;edad profesional y el tipo de contrato&#46; Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio y posteriormente transcritas&#46; Finalmente&#44; se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis del contenido del discurso&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los principales factores de riesgo psicosocial expresados por los participantes son la sobrecarga de trabajo y la falta de personal&#44; debidas fundamentalmente a las caracter&#237;sticas organizativas del trabajo del hospital&#46; Otro elemento estresante es el contacto diario con el sufrimiento y con la muerte&#44; as&#237; como el hecho de sentirse responsable de vidas humanas&#46; Las relaciones interpersonales en el entorno laboral&#44; en el caso de los familiares de los pacientes&#44; constituyen tambi&#233;n un factor de riesgo psicosocial destacable&#44; as&#237; como la incertidumbre ante el diagn&#243;stico y el tratamiento&#44; las posibilidades de ser demandado por mala pr&#225;ctica y el tener que transmitir malas noticias&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El personal facultativo hospitalario expresa un alto n&#250;mero de factores de riesgo psicosocial&#46; Algunos est&#225;n relacionados espec&#237;ficamente con las caracter&#237;sticas de la profesi&#243;n m&#233;dica &#40;contacto con el sufrimiento y con la muerte&#44; sentirse responsable de vidas humanas&#44; incertidumbre ante el diagn&#243;stico y el tratamiento&#41; y otros con la organizaci&#243;n del trabajo &#40;sobrecarga de trabajo y falta de personal&#41;&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify the psychosocial risk factors related to psychological demands perceived by specialist physicians from six public hospitals in the province of Valencia in Spain&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A qualitative study was carried out&#46; The population studied comprised the hospitals&#39; specialist medical staff &#40;Oncology&#44; Internal Medicine&#44; Traumatology&#44; Radiology and Intensive Care&#41;&#46; A trained interviewer performed 47 individual&#44; face-to-face&#44; semi-structured interviews&#46; To select the participants&#44; the following structural variables were taken into account&#58; gender&#44; age&#44; family responsibilities&#44; medical specialty&#44; professional standing&#44; length of service&#44; and type of contract&#46; Interviews were tape recorded and subsequently transcribed&#46; Finally&#44; the content of the interviews was analyzed&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main psychosocial risk factors mentioned by the participants were workload and lack of staff&#44; mainly due to the characteristics of work organization in the hospital&#46; Another job stressor was daily contact with suffering and death&#44; and feeling responsible for human life&#46; Other significant job stressors were interpersonal relations in the work environment&#44; in the case of patients&#39; relatives&#44; uncertainty about diagnosis and treatment&#44; the possibility of being sued for malpractice&#44; and communicating bad news&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hospital physicians report a large number of psychosocial risk factors&#46; Some involve the characteristics of the medical profession &#40;contact with suffering and death&#44; responsibility for human life&#44; uncertainty about diagnosis and treatment&#41; and others concern work organization &#40;workload and staffing shortages&#41;&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 16. Núm. 6.
Páginas 487-496 (noviembre - diciembre 2002)
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Vol. 16. Núm. 6.
Páginas 487-496 (noviembre - diciembre 2002)
Open Access
Exigencias laborales psicológicas percibidas por médicos especialistas hospitalarios
(Job stress perceived by hospital medical staff)
Visitas
5380
V. Escribà-Agüir
Autor para correspondencia
escriba_vic@gva.es

Correspondencia: Dra. Vicenta Escribà-Agüir. Escuela Valenciana de Estudios para la Salud. Juan de Garay, 21. E-46017 Valencia
, Y. Bernabé-Muñoz
Escuela Valenciana de Estudios para la Salud (EVES). Conselleria de Sanitat. Generalitat Valenciana. Valencia
Este artículo ha recibido

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Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Identificar los factores de riesgo psicosocial, que hacen referencia a las exigencias psicológicas, percibidos por los médicos especialistas de seis hospitales públicos de la provincia de Valencia.

Métodos

Estudio realizado mediante metodología cualitativa. La población estudiada ha sido personal facultativo especialista hospitalario (medicina interna, oncología, traumatología, unidad de cuidados intensivos [UCI] y radiología) de seis hospitales públicos de la provincia de Valencia. Una encuestadora especializada llevó a cabo 47 entrevistas semiestructuradas de manera individual y presencial. Las variables estructurales que se tuvieron en cuenta para la elección de los participantes en el estudio fueron: el sexo, la edad, el estado civil, las cargas familiares, la especialidad médica, la categoría profesional, la antigüedad profesional y el tipo de contrato. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio y posteriormente transcritas. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis del contenido del discurso.

Resultados

Los principales factores de riesgo psicosocial expresados por los participantes son la sobrecarga de trabajo y la falta de personal, debidas fundamentalmente a las características organizativas del trabajo del hospital. Otro elemento estresante es el contacto diario con el sufrimiento y con la muerte, así como el hecho de sentirse responsable de vidas humanas. Las relaciones interpersonales en el entorno laboral, en el caso de los familiares de los pacientes, constituyen también un factor de riesgo psicosocial destacable, así como la incertidumbre ante el diagnóstico y el tratamiento, las posibilidades de ser demandado por mala práctica y el tener que transmitir malas noticias.

Conclusiones

El personal facultativo hospitalario expresa un alto número de factores de riesgo psicosocial. Algunos están relacionados específicamente con las características de la profesión médica (contacto con el sufrimiento y con la muerte, sentirse responsable de vidas humanas, incertidumbre ante el diagnóstico y el tratamiento) y otros con la organización del trabajo (sobrecarga de trabajo y falta de personal).

Palabras clave:
Factores de riesgo psicosocial
Médicos especialistas
Hospital
Metodología cualitativa
Summary
Objective

To identify the psychosocial risk factors related to psychological demands perceived by specialist physicians from six public hospitals in the province of Valencia in Spain.

Methods

A qualitative study was carried out. The population studied comprised the hospitals' specialist medical staff (Oncology, Internal Medicine, Traumatology, Radiology and Intensive Care). A trained interviewer performed 47 individual, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. To select the participants, the following structural variables were taken into account: gender, age, family responsibilities, medical specialty, professional standing, length of service, and type of contract. Interviews were tape recorded and subsequently transcribed. Finally, the content of the interviews was analyzed.

Results

The main psychosocial risk factors mentioned by the participants were workload and lack of staff, mainly due to the characteristics of work organization in the hospital. Another job stressor was daily contact with suffering and death, and feeling responsible for human life. Other significant job stressors were interpersonal relations in the work environment, in the case of patients' relatives, uncertainty about diagnosis and treatment, the possibility of being sued for malpractice, and communicating bad news.

Conclusions

Hospital physicians report a large number of psychosocial risk factors. Some involve the characteristics of the medical profession (contact with suffering and death, responsibility for human life, uncertainty about diagnosis and treatment) and others concern work organization (workload and staffing shortages).

Key words:
Psychosocial risk factors
Specialist physicians
Hospital
Qualitative methodology
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