Exigencias laborales psicológicas percibidas por médicos especialistas hospitalarios
(Job stress perceived by hospital medical staff)
V. Escribà-Agüir
, Y. Bernabé-Muñoz
Autor para correspondencia
escriba_vic@gva.es
Correspondencia: Dra. Vicenta Escribà-Agüir. Escuela Valenciana de Estudios para la Salud. Juan de Garay, 21. E-46017 Valencia
Correspondencia: Dra. Vicenta Escribà-Agüir. Escuela Valenciana de Estudios para la Salud. Juan de Garay, 21. E-46017 Valencia
Escuela Valenciana de Estudios para la Salud (EVES). Conselleria de Sanitat. Generalitat Valenciana. Valencia
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"apellidos" => "Escribà-Agüir" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "escriba_vic@gva.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Y." "apellidos" => "Bernabé-Muñoz" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Escuela Valenciana de Estudios para la Salud (EVES). Conselleria de Sanitat. Generalitat Valenciana. Valencia" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Dra. Vicenta Escribà-Agüir. Escuela Valenciana de Estudios para la Salud. Juan de Garay, 21. E-46017 Valencia" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "(Job stress perceived by hospital medical staff)" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2002-01-10" "fechaAceptado" => "2002-06-04" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268812" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Factores de riesgo psicosocial" 1 => "Médicos especialistas" 2 => "Hospital" 3 => "Metodología cualitativa" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268813" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Psychosocial risk factors" 1 => "Specialist physicians" 2 => "Hospital" 3 => "Qualitative methodology" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Identificar los factores de riesgo psicosocial, que hacen referencia a las exigencias psicológicas, percibidos por los médicos especialistas de seis hospitales públicos de la provincia de Valencia.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Métodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio realizado mediante metodología cualitativa. La población estudiada ha sido personal facultativo especialista hospitalario (medicina interna, oncología, traumatología, unidad de cuidados intensivos [UCI] y radiología) de seis hospitales públicos de la provincia de Valencia. Una encuestadora especializada llevó a cabo 47 entrevistas semiestructuradas de manera individual y presencial. Las variables estructurales que se tuvieron en cuenta para la elección de los participantes en el estudio fueron: el sexo, la edad, el estado civil, las cargas familiares, la especialidad médica, la categoría profesional, la antigüedad profesional y el tipo de contrato. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio y posteriormente transcritas. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis del contenido del discurso.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los principales factores de riesgo psicosocial expresados por los participantes son la sobrecarga de trabajo y la falta de personal, debidas fundamentalmente a las características organizativas del trabajo del hospital. Otro elemento estresante es el contacto diario con el sufrimiento y con la muerte, así como el hecho de sentirse responsable de vidas humanas. Las relaciones interpersonales en el entorno laboral, en el caso de los familiares de los pacientes, constituyen también un factor de riesgo psicosocial destacable, así como la incertidumbre ante el diagnóstico y el tratamiento, las posibilidades de ser demandado por mala práctica y el tener que transmitir malas noticias.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El personal facultativo hospitalario expresa un alto número de factores de riesgo psicosocial. Algunos están relacionados específicamente con las características de la profesión médica (contacto con el sufrimiento y con la muerte, sentirse responsable de vidas humanas, incertidumbre ante el diagnóstico y el tratamiento) y otros con la organización del trabajo (sobrecarga de trabajo y falta de personal).</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Summary" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To identify the psychosocial risk factors related to psychological demands perceived by specialist physicians from six public hospitals in the province of Valencia in Spain.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A qualitative study was carried out. The population studied comprised the hospitals' specialist medical staff (Oncology, Internal Medicine, Traumatology, Radiology and Intensive Care). A trained interviewer performed 47 individual, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. To select the participants, the following structural variables were taken into account: gender, age, family responsibilities, medical specialty, professional standing, length of service, and type of contract. Interviews were tape recorded and subsequently transcribed. Finally, the content of the interviews was analyzed.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The main psychosocial risk factors mentioned by the participants were workload and lack of staff, mainly due to the characteristics of work organization in the hospital. Another job stressor was daily contact with suffering and death, and feeling responsible for human life. Other significant job stressors were interpersonal relations in the work environment, in the case of patients' relatives, uncertainty about diagnosis and treatment, the possibility of being sued for malpractice, and communicating bad news.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hospital physicians report a large number of psychosocial risk factors. Some involve the characteristics of the medical profession (contact with suffering and death, responsibility for human life, uncertainty about diagnosis and treatment) and others concern work organization (workload and staffing shortages).</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Biblografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:27 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2024 Octubre | 46 | 43 | 89 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 35 | 17 | 52 |
| 2024 Agosto | 46 | 28 | 74 |
| 2024 Julio | 31 | 22 | 53 |
| 2024 Junio | 40 | 22 | 62 |
| 2024 Mayo | 35 | 23 | 58 |
| 2024 Abril | 33 | 16 | 49 |
| 2024 Marzo | 38 | 23 | 61 |
| 2024 Febrero | 32 | 51 | 83 |
| 2024 Enero | 22 | 15 | 37 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 25 | 17 | 42 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 21 | 11 | 32 |
| 2023 Octubre | 29 | 13 | 42 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 30 | 17 | 47 |
| 2023 Agosto | 31 | 15 | 46 |
| 2023 Julio | 33 | 20 | 53 |
| 2023 Junio | 31 | 13 | 44 |
| 2023 Mayo | 33 | 14 | 47 |
| 2023 Abril | 30 | 21 | 51 |
| 2023 Marzo | 34 | 35 | 69 |
| 2023 Febrero | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2023 Enero | 22 | 27 | 49 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 27 | 32 | 59 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 39 | 40 | 79 |
| 2022 Octubre | 25 | 38 | 63 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 19 | 34 | 53 |
| 2022 Agosto | 36 | 68 | 104 |
| 2022 Julio | 22 | 44 | 66 |
| 2022 Junio | 28 | 34 | 62 |
| 2022 Mayo | 26 | 43 | 69 |
| 2022 Abril | 22 | 26 | 48 |
| 2022 Marzo | 27 | 45 | 72 |
| 2022 Febrero | 17 | 28 | 45 |
| 2022 Enero | 27 | 40 | 67 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 21 | 34 | 55 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 32 | 46 | 78 |
| 2021 Octubre | 71 | 39 | 110 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 30 | 52 | 82 |
| 2021 Agosto | 17 | 20 | 37 |
| 2021 Julio | 16 | 25 | 41 |
| 2021 Junio | 9 | 26 | 35 |
| 2021 Mayo | 16 | 19 | 35 |
| 2021 Abril | 31 | 58 | 89 |
| 2021 Marzo | 39 | 22 | 61 |
| 2021 Febrero | 22 | 19 | 41 |
| 2021 Enero | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 15 | 12 | 27 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 14 | 12 | 26 |
| 2020 Octubre | 16 | 16 | 32 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2020 Agosto | 15 | 18 | 33 |
| 2020 Julio | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2020 Junio | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2020 Mayo | 14 | 14 | 28 |
| 2020 Abril | 12 | 15 | 27 |
| 2020 Marzo | 16 | 14 | 30 |
| 2020 Febrero | 9 | 19 | 28 |
| 2020 Enero | 17 | 14 | 31 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 11 | 16 | 27 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| 2019 Octubre | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2019 Agosto | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2019 Julio | 7 | 2 | 9 |
| 2019 Junio | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2019 Mayo | 9 | 11 | 20 |
| 2019 Abril | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2019 Marzo | 3 | 8 | 11 |
| 2019 Febrero | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2019 Enero | 3 | 15 | 18 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 7 | 19 | 26 |
| 2018 Octubre | 34 | 29 | 63 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 14 | 12 | 26 |
| 2018 Agosto | 17 | 8 | 25 |
| 2018 Julio | 20 | 10 | 30 |
| 2018 Junio | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2018 Mayo | 22 | 8 | 30 |
| 2018 Abril | 15 | 4 | 19 |
| 2018 Marzo | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2018 Febrero | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| 2018 Enero | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 16 | 8 | 24 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 19 | 8 | 27 |
| 2017 Octubre | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 11 | 13 | 24 |
| 2017 Agosto | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2017 Julio | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| 2017 Junio | 34 | 12 | 46 |
| 2017 Mayo | 22 | 3 | 25 |
| 2017 Abril | 32 | 13 | 45 |
| 2017 Marzo | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2017 Febrero | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| 2017 Enero | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 19 | 8 | 27 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 22 | 12 | 34 |
| 2016 Octubre | 21 | 12 | 33 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 24 | 11 | 35 |
| 2016 Agosto | 30 | 12 | 42 |
| 2016 Julio | 20 | 3 | 23 |
| 2016 Junio | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 Marzo | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2016 Febrero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Octubre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Agosto | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Junio | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Mayo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Abril | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Marzo | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 Febrero | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2015 Enero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| 2014 Octubre | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2014 Agosto | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2014 Julio | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| 2014 Junio | 9 | 1 | 10 |
| 2014 Mayo | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2014 Abril | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2014 Marzo | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2014 Febrero | 14 | 0 | 14 |
| 2014 Enero | 9 | 1 | 10 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 12 | 1 | 13 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 26 | 2 | 28 |
| 2013 Octubre | 33 | 14 | 47 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 18 | 7 | 25 |
| 2013 Agosto | 21 | 4 | 25 |
| 2013 Julio | 26 | 4 | 30 |
| 2002 Noviembre | 1068 | 0 | 1068 |
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