Estadísticas

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      "titulo" => "La crisis espa&#241;ola y los servicios de enfermer&#237;a durante la COVID-19"
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            "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acciones transversales facilitadoras de las medidas centradas en los cuidados para abordar la pandemia desde un enfoque de g&#233;nero&#46;</p>"
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    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>"
    "titulo" => "Sociodemographic aspects of the older population in front of COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country&#58; the case of Peru"
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        "titulo" => "Aspectos sociodemogr&#225;ficos de la poblaci&#243;n adulta mayor frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19 en un pa&#237;s en v&#237;as de desarrollo&#58; el caso de Per&#250;"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On August 2020&#44; National Institute of Statistics and Information updated population data &#40;32&#44;625&#44;948 citizens&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> in which Peru became the second country with the highest mortality rate from coronavirus disease 2019 &#40;COVID-19&#41; around the world with 91&#46;5 deaths per 100&#44;000 people and a case fatality rate &#40;CFR&#41; of 4&#46;32&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> It is known public health system deficiencies could contribute to high mortality rates but sociodemographic features of individuals over 60 years old &#40;older adult&#41; are also matter factors which may explain the impact of the disease&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">First of all&#44; older adults are a risk group for severe COVID-19 and represent 12&#46;7&#37; of the national population<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; In fact&#44; almost 70&#37; of COVID-19 deaths have been of this group age in Peru&#46; We did not have access to the quantity data of stratified age groups but present CFRs by age and sex in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Our findings determined that males between 90-99 years was the most affected age group &#40;CFR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>39&#46;35&#37;&#41;&#46; In accordance with the current evidence&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> we corroborated older adults and men were the most affected groups&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; 42&#37; and 29&#46;5&#37; of nuclear and extended families had at least one older adult respectively&#59; and 19&#46;6&#37; were one-older adult households<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; so they might be exposed to potential cases&#46; In order to contain COVID-19&#44; Peruvian government has implemented several strategies and diffuse mainly precautionary measures through the media&#46; Nevertheless&#44; 66&#46;3&#37; and 61&#46;1&#37; of households with at least one older adult do not have internet service and cable television&#44; respectively and almost 17 out of every 100 older adults are illiterate at the national level<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; These conditions may make it difficult the access to preventive information&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Staying at home has also been recommended but this is unlikely because 14&#46;9&#37; of older adults are in poverty&#44; more than half who work &#40;53&#46;5&#37;&#41; are independent and 63&#37; does not have any retirement system<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Furthermore&#44; 63&#37; of the national population&#44; with at least one older adult&#44; do not have a refrigerator&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> These characteristics influence this group in order to go out street or to work in informal jobs&#44; exposing themselves to contagion risk and possible adverse outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; another recommendation to avoid COVID-19 is frequent hand washing&#46; Indeed&#44; it has been recognized as the most efficient form of prevention among Peruvian general population &#40;98&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Although&#44; 10&#37; of households&#44; with at least one older adult&#44; still do not have a public water supply network&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">COVID-19 pandemic affected Peru in a vulnerability context for the older population&#46; This letter suggests sociodemographic components&#44; including age&#44; sex&#44; type of household&#44; the situation of internet service and cable television&#44; illiteracy&#44; economic situation&#44; job category&#44; the state of retirement system&#44; the possession of refrigerator and the condition of water service&#44; are potential key factors in shaping the pattern of COVID-19 deaths across the country&#46; It is necessary to find a suitable way to support and reach this risk population&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Availability of data</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data of COVID-19 cases and deaths used in this letter are freely available online in Spanish at National Open Data Platform&#58; <a href="https://www.datosabiertos.gob.pe/search/field_topic/covid-19-917?sort_by=changed">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;datosabiertos&#46;gob&#46;pe&#47;search&#47;field&#95;topic&#47;covid-19-917&#63;sort&#95;by&#61;changed</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authorship contributions</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">J&#46;D&#46; Mendoza-Salda&#241;a and J&#46;E&#46; Viton-Rubio contributed to conceptualization&#44; data curation&#44; formal analysis&#44; writing-original draft&#44; writing-review and editing&#46; Authors guarantee the precision&#44; transparency and honesty of the data and information contained in the letter&#59; no relevant information has been omitted&#59; and that all discrepancies between authors have been adequately resolved&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Funding</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">Case fatality rates&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39&#46;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cases&#44; deaths by COVID-19 and case fatality rates &#40;data updated September 9&#44; 2020&#41;&#46;</p>"
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