Estado de salud y capacidad funcional de la población que vive en residencias de mayores en Madrid
Health and functional status among elderly individuals living in nursing homes in Madrid
Javier Damiána,
, Emiliana Valderrama-Gamab, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejoc, José María Martín-Morenod
Autor para correspondencia
jdamian@isciii.es
Correspondencia: Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, 6. 28029 Madrid. España.
Correspondencia: Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, 6. 28029 Madrid. España.
a Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Madrid
b Centro de Salud de General Ricardos. Área 11. IMSALUD. Madrid
c Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid
d Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Madrid. España
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Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Madrid" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Salud de General Ricardos. Área 11. IMSALUD. Madrid" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Dirección General de Salud Pública. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Madrid. España" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, 6. 28029 Madrid. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Health and functional status among elderly individuals living in nursing homes in Madrid" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2003-11-26" "fechaAceptado" => "2004-04-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268602" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Residencias de ancianos" 1 => "Personas mayores" 2 => "Epidemiología" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec268601" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Nursing homes" 1 => "Aged" 2 => "Epidemiology" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios epidemiológicos sobre muestras probabilísticas de población institucionalizada en España son muy escasos. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el estado de salud y la capacidad funcional de una población de personas mayores que viven en residencias.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Sujetos y método</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal. Mediante un muestreo estratificado por conglomerados, se seleccionó a 800 residentes de 19 residencias públicas y 26 privadas de Madrid. Se entrevistó a los residentes, a los cuidadores principales, a los médicos y a las enfermeras. Se valoraron el estado cognitivo, la salud percibida, la depresión, el dolor, la capacidad funcional, las enfermedades crónicas, las úlceras por presión, la incontinencia urinaria y fecal, el consumo de fármacos y los ingresos hospitalarios.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 75% eran mujeres. La edad media ± desviación típica fue de 83,4 ± 7,3 años. El 44% presentó algún grado de deterioro cognitivo. El 46% presentó independencia total o dependencia leve en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria. El 55% declaró una salud percibida muy buena o buena. El 30% presentó síntomas depresivos. El 31% refirió dolor diario en los últimos 7 días. El 3% tenía úlceras por presión. Las enfermedades más prevalentes fueron hipertensión, artrosis, demencias y trastorno de ansiedad (45, 34, 33 y 27%, respectivamente). La prevalencia de demencia de Alzheimer fue del 14%. El 53% tenía incontinencia urinaria y el 26% fecal. El 26% fue trasladado a urgencias en el año anterior.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las estimaciones en las principales variables, como estado cognitivo y capacidad funcional, son en general más favorables que en otras poblaciones de residentes en Europa y Norteamérica. Esto se explica en parte por la mayor proporción de personas con baja necesidad de cuidados en las residencias de Madrid.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Epidemiologic studies on probabilistic samples of the institutionalized elderly in Spain are very scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the health and functional status of a population of older people living in nursing homes.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Subjects and method</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional epidemiologic study was carried out. A sample of 800 subjects living in 19 public and 26 private nursing homes in Madrid was obtained through a stratified cluster method. Residents, main caregivers, doctors and nurses were interviewed. Cognitive status, perceived health, depression, pain, functional capacity, chronic illnesses, pressure ulcers, urinary and fecal incontinence, drug consumption and hospitalizations were assessed.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-five percent of the sample were women. The mean age was 83.4 (standard deviation, 7.3) years. Fortyfour percent had some degree of cognitive impairment. Fortysix percent were independent or mildly dependent in basic activities of daily living. Fifty-five percent reported very good or good perceived health. Thirty percent had depressive symptoms. Thirty-one percent had experienced daily pain in the previous 7 days. Three percent had pressure ulcers. The most prevalent illnesses were hypertension (45%), osteoarthritis (34%), dementia (33%) and anxiety (27%). The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease was 14%. Fifty-three percent had urinary incontinence and 26% had fecal incontinence. Twentysix percent had been transferred to an emergency unit in the previous year.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The estimates of the main variables, such as cognitive impairment and functional status, were in general more favorable than those in other populations of nursing home residents in Europe and North America. This is partly explained by the greater proportion of persons with a low need for care in the nursing homes in Madrid.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (expediente 96/0201).</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Geriatría XXI. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2024 Octubre | 66 | 34 | 100 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 56 | 20 | 76 |
| 2024 Agosto | 57 | 29 | 86 |
| 2024 Julio | 31 | 19 | 50 |
| 2024 Junio | 42 | 28 | 70 |
| 2024 Mayo | 41 | 28 | 69 |
| 2024 Abril | 44 | 23 | 67 |
| 2024 Marzo | 39 | 21 | 60 |
| 2024 Febrero | 40 | 28 | 68 |
| 2024 Enero | 27 | 17 | 44 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 25 | 11 | 36 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 36 | 28 | 64 |
| 2023 Octubre | 33 | 22 | 55 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 32 | 17 | 49 |
| 2023 Agosto | 38 | 16 | 54 |
| 2023 Julio | 43 | 15 | 58 |
| 2023 Junio | 37 | 16 | 53 |
| 2023 Mayo | 45 | 15 | 60 |
| 2023 Abril | 48 | 21 | 69 |
| 2023 Marzo | 59 | 38 | 97 |
| 2023 Febrero | 31 | 17 | 48 |
| 2023 Enero | 25 | 16 | 41 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 47 | 34 | 81 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 51 | 37 | 88 |
| 2022 Octubre | 33 | 41 | 74 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 26 | 31 | 57 |
| 2022 Agosto | 35 | 53 | 88 |
| 2022 Julio | 30 | 38 | 68 |
| 2022 Junio | 38 | 25 | 63 |
| 2022 Mayo | 31 | 39 | 70 |
| 2022 Abril | 22 | 30 | 52 |
| 2022 Marzo | 36 | 38 | 74 |
| 2022 Febrero | 36 | 41 | 77 |
| 2022 Enero | 38 | 44 | 82 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 24 | 36 | 60 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 36 | 50 | 86 |
| 2021 Octubre | 25 | 45 | 70 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 34 | 47 | 81 |
| 2021 Agosto | 19 | 27 | 46 |
| 2021 Julio | 29 | 38 | 67 |
| 2021 Junio | 24 | 32 | 56 |
| 2021 Mayo | 21 | 31 | 52 |
| 2021 Abril | 46 | 57 | 103 |
| 2021 Marzo | 32 | 22 | 54 |
| 2021 Febrero | 29 | 20 | 49 |
| 2021 Enero | 23 | 35 | 58 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 23 | 16 | 39 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 24 | 12 | 36 |
| 2020 Octubre | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 18 | 3 | 21 |
| 2020 Agosto | 23 | 14 | 37 |
| 2020 Julio | 15 | 15 | 30 |
| 2020 Junio | 22 | 10 | 32 |
| 2020 Mayo | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| 2020 Abril | 22 | 23 | 45 |
| 2020 Marzo | 17 | 8 | 25 |
| 2020 Febrero | 25 | 24 | 49 |
| 2020 Enero | 21 | 10 | 31 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 24 | 20 | 44 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 16 | 4 | 20 |
| 2019 Octubre | 19 | 14 | 33 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2019 Agosto | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2019 Julio | 14 | 9 | 23 |
| 2019 Junio | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2019 Mayo | 25 | 9 | 34 |
| 2019 Abril | 16 | 8 | 24 |
| 2019 Marzo | 21 | 15 | 36 |
| 2019 Febrero | 23 | 14 | 37 |
| 2019 Enero | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 9 | 17 | 26 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 20 | 9 | 29 |
| 2018 Octubre | 45 | 23 | 68 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 29 | 16 | 45 |
| 2018 Agosto | 16 | 12 | 28 |
| 2018 Julio | 28 | 7 | 35 |
| 2018 Junio | 27 | 17 | 44 |
| 2018 Mayo | 20 | 10 | 30 |
| 2018 Abril | 29 | 9 | 38 |
| 2018 Marzo | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2018 Febrero | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2018 Enero | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 15 | 12 | 27 |
| 2017 Octubre | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| 2017 Agosto | 11 | 12 | 23 |
| 2017 Julio | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2017 Junio | 30 | 14 | 44 |
| 2017 Mayo | 23 | 6 | 29 |
| 2017 Abril | 18 | 7 | 25 |
| 2017 Marzo | 17 | 7 | 24 |
| 2017 Febrero | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2017 Enero | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 23 | 6 | 29 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 24 | 8 | 32 |
| 2016 Octubre | 30 | 8 | 38 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 28 | 4 | 32 |
| 2016 Agosto | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2016 Julio | 18 | 11 | 29 |
| 2016 Junio | 1 | 8 | 9 |
| 2016 Mayo | 1 | 6 | 7 |
| 2016 Marzo | 1 | 8 | 9 |
| 2016 Febrero | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 1 | 10 | 11 |
| 2015 Octubre | 4 | 11 | 15 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| 2015 Agosto | 2 | 7 | 9 |
| 2015 Julio | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2015 Junio | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2015 Mayo | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| 2015 Abril | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 Marzo | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2015 Febrero | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2015 Enero | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 11 | 2 | 13 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2014 Octubre | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2014 Agosto | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| 2014 Julio | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2014 Junio | 12 | 4 | 16 |
| 2014 Mayo | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2014 Abril | 14 | 0 | 14 |
| 2014 Marzo | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2014 Febrero | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2014 Enero | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 19 | 7 | 26 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 17 | 0 | 17 |
| 2013 Octubre | 29 | 3 | 32 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 18 | 2 | 20 |
| 2013 Agosto | 26 | 3 | 29 |
| 2013 Julio | 22 | 1 | 23 |
| 2004 Junio | 1528 | 0 | 1528 |
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