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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las intervenciones p&#250;blicas dirigidas a ayudar a los fumadores que desean cesar en el h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico consisten principalmente en el consejo m&#233;dico y la terapia de grupo&#46; Actualmente&#44; existen varios tratamientos farmacol&#243;gicos que reducen la adicci&#243;n al tabaco&#46; Uno de ellos&#44; el bupropi&#243;n&#44; tiene una destacada eficacia &#40;30&#37; en un a&#241;o&#41; en comparaci&#243;n con las terapias sustitutivas de nicotina &#40;chicles &#91;8&#37;&#93; y parches &#91;17&#37;&#93; en un a&#241;o&#41;&#46; El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la eficiencia del empleo de farmacoterapias para la cesaci&#243;n en el consumo del tabaco&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para ello&#44; partimos de la situaci&#243;n actual en Espa&#241;a en cuanto a los m&#233;todos utilizados por los fumadores que desean dejar el h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#44; que consiste en una mezcla del consejo m&#233;dico&#44; la terapia de grupo y la fuerza de voluntad&#44; combinada con el uso de f&#225;rmacos en una proporci&#243;n reducida&#46; Dicha situaci&#243;n se compara con tres escenarios en los cuales&#44; alternativamente&#44; se ampl&#237;a &#40;hasta el 10&#37;&#41; el uso durante un a&#241;o de las distintas farmacoterapias disponibles&#44; realizando un an&#225;lisis de coste-efectividad para calcular el coste por muerte evitada y por a&#241;o de vida ganado en cada uno de ellos&#46; Este an&#225;lisis contempla un horizonte temporal de 20 a&#241;os y se basa en una adaptaci&#243;n del modelo HECOS&#44; promovido por WHO-Euro&#44; que permite comparar distintas farmacoterapias&#46; Los datos epidemiol&#243;gicos empleados proceden de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud &#40;1997&#41; y del Instituto Nacional de Estad&#237;stica &#40;1999&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La estrategia basada en el empleo de bupropi&#243;n como m&#233;todo de cesaci&#243;n tiene una ratio coste-efectividad de 70&#46;939 euros por muerte evitada y 37&#46;305 euros por a&#241;o de vida ganado&#44; transcurridos 5 a&#241;os&#46; Cuando el horizonte temporal se ampl&#237;a a 20 a&#241;os&#44; estos resultados se tornan en beneficios netos de 28&#46;166 y 3&#46;265 euros&#44; respectivamente&#46; Tanto los parches como los chicles de nicotina tienen unos cocientes de coste-efectividad superiores a la anterior estrategia&#58; 171&#46;834 euros por muerte evitada y 90&#46;362 euros por a&#241;o de vida ganado para los parches&#44; y 513&#46;004 euros por muerte evitada y 269&#46;772 euros por a&#241;o de vida ganado para los chicles&#44; en el quinto a&#241;o&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la intervenci&#243;n basada en el tratamiento con bupropi&#243;n en un a&#241;o evitar&#237;a un mayor n&#250;mero de muertes que las estrategias alternativas &#40;alrededor de 3&#46;000 muertes en un horizonte temporal de 20 a&#241;os&#41; debido al mayor descenso en el n&#250;mero de fumadores que produce&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Algunos m&#233;todos de cesaci&#243;n tienen bajos costes &#8211;como el consejo m&#233;dico y la terapia de grupo&#8211; pero tambi&#233;n una eficacia reducida&#46; Los nuevos tratamientos farmacol&#243;gicos incrementan tanto los costes como la ratio de eficacia&#46; Cuando se eval&#250;an las distintas intervenciones&#44; la que incluye bupropi&#243;n en una mayor proporci&#243;n genera un ahorro neto en los costes sanitarios del tabaquismo&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Public policies for smoking cessation are mainly based on advice from the primary care physician and group therapy&#46; Several pharmacological treatments to reduce tobacco addiction are currently available&#46; One of these treatments&#44; bupropion&#44; has remarkable efficacy &#40;30&#37; over 1 year&#41; compared with nicotine replacement therapies &#40;chewing gum 8&#37;&#44; patches 17&#37; over 1 year&#41;&#46; The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of three smoking cessation strategies based on pharmacotherapies in Spain&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The current situation of methods for smoking cessation in Spain includes a mixture of primary care physician advice&#44; group therapy and willpower&#44; combined with the use of drugs in a small proportion of individuals&#46; This situation was compared with three scenarios in which the use of the available pharmacotherapies was increased &#40;by up to 10&#37;&#41; for 1 year&#46; A cost-effectiveness evaluation was used to calculate the cost per death prevented and per year of life saved in each scenario&#46; The analysis used a time horizon of 20 years and was based on an adaptation of the HECOS model&#44; sponsored by WHO-Euro&#44; which enables comparison of distinct pharmacotherapy interventions&#46; Epidemiological data were based on the National Health Survey &#40;1997&#41; and the National Institute of Statistics &#40;1999&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cost-effectiveness ratio of bupropion at 5 years was 70&#44;939 euros per death prevented and was 37&#44;305 euros per year of life saved&#46; When the time horizon was increased to 20 years&#44; these figures became net savings of 28&#44;166 and 3&#44;265 euros&#44; respectively&#46; The cost-effectiveness ratios for both nicotine gums and patches were higher than that for bupropion&#58; 171&#44;834 euros per death prevented at 5 years and 90&#44;362 euros per year of life saved for patches and 513&#44;004 euros per death prevented and 269&#44;772 euros per year of life saved at 5 years&#46; Furthermore&#44; bupropion treatment for 1 year would prevent a greater number of deaths than the alternative strategies &#40;approximately 3&#44;000 deaths in a time horizon of 20 years&#41; due to the decrease in the number of smokers&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cost of some tobacco cessation methods&#44; such as primary care physician advice and group therapy&#44; is low but their efficacy is also low&#46; New drug treatments increase costs and also achieve higher efficacy rates&#46; When assessing interventions and their costs economic evaluation shows that in the long run greater use of bupropion generates net savings in tobacco-related health costs&#46;</p>"
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Evaluación económica del empleo de terapias farmacológicas para la cesación en el hábito tabáquico
Economic evaluation of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation
F. Antoñanzas
Autor para correspondencia
fernando.antonanzas@dee.unirioja.es

Correspondencia: Departamento de Economía y Empresa. Universidad de La Rioja. Cigüeña, 60. 26004 Logroño. España.
, F. Portillo
Universidad de La Rioja. Logroño. España
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las intervenciones p&#250;blicas dirigidas a ayudar a los fumadores que desean cesar en el h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico consisten principalmente en el consejo m&#233;dico y la terapia de grupo&#46; Actualmente&#44; existen varios tratamientos farmacol&#243;gicos que reducen la adicci&#243;n al tabaco&#46; Uno de ellos&#44; el bupropi&#243;n&#44; tiene una destacada eficacia &#40;30&#37; en un a&#241;o&#41; en comparaci&#243;n con las terapias sustitutivas de nicotina &#40;chicles &#91;8&#37;&#93; y parches &#91;17&#37;&#93; en un a&#241;o&#41;&#46; El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la eficiencia del empleo de farmacoterapias para la cesaci&#243;n en el consumo del tabaco&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para ello&#44; partimos de la situaci&#243;n actual en Espa&#241;a en cuanto a los m&#233;todos utilizados por los fumadores que desean dejar el h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#44; que consiste en una mezcla del consejo m&#233;dico&#44; la terapia de grupo y la fuerza de voluntad&#44; combinada con el uso de f&#225;rmacos en una proporci&#243;n reducida&#46; Dicha situaci&#243;n se compara con tres escenarios en los cuales&#44; alternativamente&#44; se ampl&#237;a &#40;hasta el 10&#37;&#41; el uso durante un a&#241;o de las distintas farmacoterapias disponibles&#44; realizando un an&#225;lisis de coste-efectividad para calcular el coste por muerte evitada y por a&#241;o de vida ganado en cada uno de ellos&#46; Este an&#225;lisis contempla un horizonte temporal de 20 a&#241;os y se basa en una adaptaci&#243;n del modelo HECOS&#44; promovido por WHO-Euro&#44; que permite comparar distintas farmacoterapias&#46; Los datos epidemiol&#243;gicos empleados proceden de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud &#40;1997&#41; y del Instituto Nacional de Estad&#237;stica &#40;1999&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La estrategia basada en el empleo de bupropi&#243;n como m&#233;todo de cesaci&#243;n tiene una ratio coste-efectividad de 70&#46;939 euros por muerte evitada y 37&#46;305 euros por a&#241;o de vida ganado&#44; transcurridos 5 a&#241;os&#46; Cuando el horizonte temporal se ampl&#237;a a 20 a&#241;os&#44; estos resultados se tornan en beneficios netos de 28&#46;166 y 3&#46;265 euros&#44; respectivamente&#46; Tanto los parches como los chicles de nicotina tienen unos cocientes de coste-efectividad superiores a la anterior estrategia&#58; 171&#46;834 euros por muerte evitada y 90&#46;362 euros por a&#241;o de vida ganado para los parches&#44; y 513&#46;004 euros por muerte evitada y 269&#46;772 euros por a&#241;o de vida ganado para los chicles&#44; en el quinto a&#241;o&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la intervenci&#243;n basada en el tratamiento con bupropi&#243;n en un a&#241;o evitar&#237;a un mayor n&#250;mero de muertes que las estrategias alternativas &#40;alrededor de 3&#46;000 muertes en un horizonte temporal de 20 a&#241;os&#41; debido al mayor descenso en el n&#250;mero de fumadores que produce&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Algunos m&#233;todos de cesaci&#243;n tienen bajos costes &#8211;como el consejo m&#233;dico y la terapia de grupo&#8211; pero tambi&#233;n una eficacia reducida&#46; Los nuevos tratamientos farmacol&#243;gicos incrementan tanto los costes como la ratio de eficacia&#46; Cuando se eval&#250;an las distintas intervenciones&#44; la que incluye bupropi&#243;n en una mayor proporci&#243;n genera un ahorro neto en los costes sanitarios del tabaquismo&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Public policies for smoking cessation are mainly based on advice from the primary care physician and group therapy&#46; Several pharmacological treatments to reduce tobacco addiction are currently available&#46; One of these treatments&#44; bupropion&#44; has remarkable efficacy &#40;30&#37; over 1 year&#41; compared with nicotine replacement therapies &#40;chewing gum 8&#37;&#44; patches 17&#37; over 1 year&#41;&#46; The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of three smoking cessation strategies based on pharmacotherapies in Spain&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The current situation of methods for smoking cessation in Spain includes a mixture of primary care physician advice&#44; group therapy and willpower&#44; combined with the use of drugs in a small proportion of individuals&#46; This situation was compared with three scenarios in which the use of the available pharmacotherapies was increased &#40;by up to 10&#37;&#41; for 1 year&#46; A cost-effectiveness evaluation was used to calculate the cost per death prevented and per year of life saved in each scenario&#46; The analysis used a time horizon of 20 years and was based on an adaptation of the HECOS model&#44; sponsored by WHO-Euro&#44; which enables comparison of distinct pharmacotherapy interventions&#46; Epidemiological data were based on the National Health Survey &#40;1997&#41; and the National Institute of Statistics &#40;1999&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cost-effectiveness ratio of bupropion at 5 years was 70&#44;939 euros per death prevented and was 37&#44;305 euros per year of life saved&#46; When the time horizon was increased to 20 years&#44; these figures became net savings of 28&#44;166 and 3&#44;265 euros&#44; respectively&#46; The cost-effectiveness ratios for both nicotine gums and patches were higher than that for bupropion&#58; 171&#44;834 euros per death prevented at 5 years and 90&#44;362 euros per year of life saved for patches and 513&#44;004 euros per death prevented and 269&#44;772 euros per year of life saved at 5 years&#46; Furthermore&#44; bupropion treatment for 1 year would prevent a greater number of deaths than the alternative strategies &#40;approximately 3&#44;000 deaths in a time horizon of 20 years&#41; due to the decrease in the number of smokers&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cost of some tobacco cessation methods&#44; such as primary care physician advice and group therapy&#44; is low but their efficacy is also low&#46; New drug treatments increase costs and also achieve higher efficacy rates&#46; When assessing interventions and their costs economic evaluation shows that in the long run greater use of bupropion generates net savings in tobacco-related health costs&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 02139111
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2014 Agosto 6 1 7
2014 Julio 4 2 6
2014 Junio 5 1 6
2014 Mayo 3 1 4
2014 Abril 5 1 6
2014 Marzo 5 1 6
2014 Febrero 9 1 10
2014 Enero 3 2 5
2013 Diciembre 10 2 12
2013 Noviembre 17 3 20
2013 Octubre 24 2 26
2013 Septiembre 6 4 10
2013 Agosto 30 4 34
2013 Julio 12 0 12
2003 Agosto 1306 0 1306
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Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?