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    "titulo" => "Evolución de la prevalencia de tabaquismo entre las médicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid"
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        "titulo" => "Evolution of the prevalence of smoking among female physicians and nurses in the Autonomous Community of Madrid&#44; Spain"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En Espa&#241;a la prevalencia de tabaquismo es elevada y se est&#225; incrementando entre las mujeres&#46; El objetivo de nuestro estudio es estudiar la evoluci&#243;n de la prevalencia de tabaquismo entre las m&#233;dicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid&#44; sus conocimientos y conductas al respecto&#44; as&#237; como la existencia de espacios libres de humo en los centros sanitarios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han realizado&#44; en 1998 y 2001&#44; estudios descriptivos transversales entre las m&#233;dicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid mediante una encuesta sobre h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#44; en muestreos poliet&#225;picos por conglomerados&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En 1998 se estudi&#243; a 1&#46;235 profesionales &#40;435 m&#233;dicas y 800 enfermeras&#41; y en 2001 a 1&#46;000 &#40;400 m&#233;dicas y 600 enfermeras&#41;&#46; Eran fumadoras el 43&#44;1&#37; en 1998 y el 43&#37; en 2001&#44; y en ambos a&#241;os el tabaquismo fue m&#225;s frecuente entre las enfermeras &#40;el 47&#44;6 y el 47&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41; que entre las m&#233;dicas &#40;el 34&#44;7 y el 37&#37;&#41;&#44; y entre quienes trabajan en atenci&#243;n especializada &#40;el 46&#44;6 y el 46&#44;7&#37;&#41; respecto a las que lo hacen en atenci&#243;n primaria &#40;el 35&#44;3 y el 37&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de tabaquismo seg&#250;n la profesi&#243;n&#44; comparando ambos a&#241;os&#46; En las dos encuestas las m&#233;dicas m&#225;s j&#243;venes &#40;&#60; 30 a&#241;os&#41; presentaban la menor prevalencia de tabaquismo &#40;el 22&#44;9 y el 23&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; y una situaci&#243;n similar se encontr&#243; en 2001 entre las enfermeras &#40;el 43&#44;8&#37; de prevalencia en el grupo menor de 30 a&#241;os&#41;&#46; El porcentaje de ex fumadoras fue mayor en 2001 &#40;el 18&#44;8 frente al 27&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; El porcentaje de las que fumaban delante de los pacientes disminuy&#243; &#40;el 2&#44;9 frente al 1&#37;&#41; as&#237; como el de quienes cre&#237;an que se deb&#237;a permitir fumar en las salas de espera &#40;el 14&#44;9 frente al 7&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Disminuy&#243; el porcentaje de quienes se&#241;alaron que se fumaba habitualmente en las salas de uso com&#250;n &#40;el 90&#44;6 frente al 87&#44;1&#37;&#41; y se increment&#243; el de quienes se&#241;alaron que en su centro de trabajo exist&#237;a un lugar espec&#237;fico para fumar &#40;el 30&#44;4 frente al 59&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de tabaquismo entre las m&#233;dicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid es elevada&#44;en el caso de las enfermeras&#44; superior a la de la poblaci&#243;n general&#44; sin que se hayan observado cambios sustanciales en la misma entre las dos encuestas realizadas&#46; El tabaquismo es m&#225;s frecuente entre las enfermeras que entre las m&#233;dicas y en la atenci&#243;n especializada m&#225;s que en la atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; En la &#250;ltima encuesta realizada las m&#225;s jovenes de las dos profesiones son las que menos fuman&#44; lo que permite un cierto optimismo&#46; El cumplimiento de la legislaci&#243;n vigente en los centros sanitarios&#44; aunque ha tenido alguna mejora&#44; contin&#250;a siendo muy bajo&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking is a major cause of mortality in Spain&#46; Tobacco smoking by health care workers has a negative influence on the general population&#46; In Spain&#44; the prevalence of smoking is high and is increasing among women&#46; The aim of this study was to identify tobacco consumption among female physicians and nurses in the Community of Madrid&#44; as well as to determine their knowledge about smoking and whether smoke-free areas are available in health centers&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional&#44; descriptive study was performed in 1998 and 2001 through survey of smoking habits in the female medical staff in the Community of Madrid&#46; Multi-stage sampling with conglomerates was used&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 1235 health professionals &#40;435 doctors and 800 nurses&#41; in 1998 and 1000 in 2001 &#40;400 doctors and 600 nurses&#41;&#59; 43&#46;1&#37; were smokers in 1998 and 43&#37; were smokers in 2001&#46; In both years smoking was more prevalent among nurses &#40;47&#46;6&#37; and 47&#37;&#41; than doctors &#40;34&#46;7&#37; and 37&#37;&#41;&#46; Smoking was also more prevalent among health professionals working in hospitals &#40;46&#46;6&#37; and 46&#46;7&#37;&#41; than in those working in primary care &#40;35&#46;3&#37; and 37&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; When both years were compared&#44; no significant differences in smoking prevalence according to profession were found&#46; In both surveys&#44; the prevalence of smoking was lowest among younger &#40;&#60; 30 years&#41; doctors &#40;22&#46;9&#37; and 23&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A similar situation was found in 2001 among nurses &#40;43&#46;8&#37; of those aged &#60; 30 years smoked&#41;&#46; The percentage of exsmokers was higher in 2001 &#40;18&#46;9&#37; vs&#46; 27&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; The percentage of health workers who smoked in front of patients decreased &#40;2&#46;9&#37; vs&#46; 1&#37;&#41; as did the percentage of those who thought smoking should be allowed smoke in waiting rooms &#40;14&#46;9&#37; vs&#46; 7&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; The percentage of workers who smoked in staff rooms decreased &#40;90&#46;6&#37; vs&#46; 87&#46;1&#37;&#41; and that of health professionals who worked in centers with a specific smoking area increased &#40;30&#46;4&#37; vs&#46; 59&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of smoking among female physicians and nurses in the Community of Madrid is very high&#44; and in the case of nurses&#44; it higher than among the generalpopulation&#46; No substantial changes were observed between the two surveys&#46; Smoking is more frequent among nurses than among doctors&#44; and is more frequent in hospitals than in primary care&#46; In the second survey&#44; those who smoked less were the younger members of both professions&#44; which allows a certain optimism&#46; Although it has improved&#44; observance of current legislation in health centers continues to be very low&#46;</p>"
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Evolución de la prevalencia de tabaquismo entre las médicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid
Evolution of the prevalence of smoking among female physicians and nurses in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain
M.L. Fernández Ruiza, M.Sánchez Bayleb,
Autor para correspondencia
fadspu@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dra. M. Sánchez Bayle. Hospital del Niño Jesús. Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, 65. 28009 Madrid. España.
a Fundación para la Investigación, Estudio y Desarrollo de la Salud Pública. Madrid. España
b Unidad de Epidemiología. Hospital del Niño Jesús. Madrid. España
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fundamentos</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En Espa&#241;a la prevalencia de tabaquismo es elevada y se est&#225; incrementando entre las mujeres&#46; El objetivo de nuestro estudio es estudiar la evoluci&#243;n de la prevalencia de tabaquismo entre las m&#233;dicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid&#44; sus conocimientos y conductas al respecto&#44; as&#237; como la existencia de espacios libres de humo en los centros sanitarios&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han realizado&#44; en 1998 y 2001&#44; estudios descriptivos transversales entre las m&#233;dicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid mediante una encuesta sobre h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#44; en muestreos poliet&#225;picos por conglomerados&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En 1998 se estudi&#243; a 1&#46;235 profesionales &#40;435 m&#233;dicas y 800 enfermeras&#41; y en 2001 a 1&#46;000 &#40;400 m&#233;dicas y 600 enfermeras&#41;&#46; Eran fumadoras el 43&#44;1&#37; en 1998 y el 43&#37; en 2001&#44; y en ambos a&#241;os el tabaquismo fue m&#225;s frecuente entre las enfermeras &#40;el 47&#44;6 y el 47&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41; que entre las m&#233;dicas &#40;el 34&#44;7 y el 37&#37;&#41;&#44; y entre quienes trabajan en atenci&#243;n especializada &#40;el 46&#44;6 y el 46&#44;7&#37;&#41; respecto a las que lo hacen en atenci&#243;n primaria &#40;el 35&#44;3 y el 37&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de tabaquismo seg&#250;n la profesi&#243;n&#44; comparando ambos a&#241;os&#46; En las dos encuestas las m&#233;dicas m&#225;s j&#243;venes &#40;&#60; 30 a&#241;os&#41; presentaban la menor prevalencia de tabaquismo &#40;el 22&#44;9 y el 23&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; y una situaci&#243;n similar se encontr&#243; en 2001 entre las enfermeras &#40;el 43&#44;8&#37; de prevalencia en el grupo menor de 30 a&#241;os&#41;&#46; El porcentaje de ex fumadoras fue mayor en 2001 &#40;el 18&#44;8 frente al 27&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; El porcentaje de las que fumaban delante de los pacientes disminuy&#243; &#40;el 2&#44;9 frente al 1&#37;&#41; as&#237; como el de quienes cre&#237;an que se deb&#237;a permitir fumar en las salas de espera &#40;el 14&#44;9 frente al 7&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; Disminuy&#243; el porcentaje de quienes se&#241;alaron que se fumaba habitualmente en las salas de uso com&#250;n &#40;el 90&#44;6 frente al 87&#44;1&#37;&#41; y se increment&#243; el de quienes se&#241;alaron que en su centro de trabajo exist&#237;a un lugar espec&#237;fico para fumar &#40;el 30&#44;4 frente al 59&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de tabaquismo entre las m&#233;dicas y enfermeras de la Comunidad de Madrid es elevada&#44;en el caso de las enfermeras&#44; superior a la de la poblaci&#243;n general&#44; sin que se hayan observado cambios sustanciales en la misma entre las dos encuestas realizadas&#46; El tabaquismo es m&#225;s frecuente entre las enfermeras que entre las m&#233;dicas y en la atenci&#243;n especializada m&#225;s que en la atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; En la &#250;ltima encuesta realizada las m&#225;s jovenes de las dos profesiones son las que menos fuman&#44; lo que permite un cierto optimismo&#46; El cumplimiento de la legislaci&#243;n vigente en los centros sanitarios&#44; aunque ha tenido alguna mejora&#44; contin&#250;a siendo muy bajo&#46;</p>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking is a major cause of mortality in Spain&#46; Tobacco smoking by health care workers has a negative influence on the general population&#46; In Spain&#44; the prevalence of smoking is high and is increasing among women&#46; The aim of this study was to identify tobacco consumption among female physicians and nurses in the Community of Madrid&#44; as well as to determine their knowledge about smoking and whether smoke-free areas are available in health centers&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional&#44; descriptive study was performed in 1998 and 2001 through survey of smoking habits in the female medical staff in the Community of Madrid&#46; Multi-stage sampling with conglomerates was used&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 1235 health professionals &#40;435 doctors and 800 nurses&#41; in 1998 and 1000 in 2001 &#40;400 doctors and 600 nurses&#41;&#59; 43&#46;1&#37; were smokers in 1998 and 43&#37; were smokers in 2001&#46; In both years smoking was more prevalent among nurses &#40;47&#46;6&#37; and 47&#37;&#41; than doctors &#40;34&#46;7&#37; and 37&#37;&#41;&#46; Smoking was also more prevalent among health professionals working in hospitals &#40;46&#46;6&#37; and 46&#46;7&#37;&#41; than in those working in primary care &#40;35&#46;3&#37; and 37&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; When both years were compared&#44; no significant differences in smoking prevalence according to profession were found&#46; In both surveys&#44; the prevalence of smoking was lowest among younger &#40;&#60; 30 years&#41; doctors &#40;22&#46;9&#37; and 23&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; A similar situation was found in 2001 among nurses &#40;43&#46;8&#37; of those aged &#60; 30 years smoked&#41;&#46; The percentage of exsmokers was higher in 2001 &#40;18&#46;9&#37; vs&#46; 27&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; The percentage of health workers who smoked in front of patients decreased &#40;2&#46;9&#37; vs&#46; 1&#37;&#41; as did the percentage of those who thought smoking should be allowed smoke in waiting rooms &#40;14&#46;9&#37; vs&#46; 7&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; The percentage of workers who smoked in staff rooms decreased &#40;90&#46;6&#37; vs&#46; 87&#46;1&#37;&#41; and that of health professionals who worked in centers with a specific smoking area increased &#40;30&#46;4&#37; vs&#46; 59&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of smoking among female physicians and nurses in the Community of Madrid is very high&#44; and in the case of nurses&#44; it higher than among the generalpopulation&#46; No substantial changes were observed between the two surveys&#46; Smoking is more frequent among nurses than among doctors&#44; and is more frequent in hospitals than in primary care&#46; In the second survey&#44; those who smoked less were the younger members of both professions&#44; which allows a certain optimism&#46; Although it has improved&#44; observance of current legislation in health centers continues to be very low&#46;</p>"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 02139111
Idioma original: Español
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