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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diseases transmitted by vectors&#44; in particular dengue&#44; are a diseases that threatens public health worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The global burden of dengue fever cases is 96 million cases per year&#44; with a death total of 9&#46;110 per year&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nowadays&#44; dengue control is often carried out by chemical control which will continuously have adverse effects such as the death of non-target organisms&#44; pollution of the environment and endangering public health&#46; In addition&#44; this method also costs a lot of money and can cause resistance to mosquitoes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Biological control can be an alternative to the control of vector mosquitoes by reducing the population of vector mosquitoes using natural materials&#46; The alternative to vector control use essential oils or plants oil and extracts has been encouraged by many researchers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Plant essential oils can interfere the respiratory&#44; digestive&#44; metabolic&#44; behavioral and psychological systems of insects&#44; especially mosquitoes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; a systematic review of the literature based on a review is needed that will provide insight into the efficacy of plant essential oils as a novel means of controlling the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes aegypti</span> vector&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Study selection</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This systematic review selection procees following with 2015 PRISMA&#47;Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guideline&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Literature review sources come from online searches of national and international reputable journal databases and e-books&#46; The journal is indexed by Scopus&#44; Pubmed&#44; Scinapse and Google Scholar databases&#46; Literature collected is based on topics raised in the last 10 years of publication between 2009 until 2019&#46; Furthermore&#44; all articles that have been collected are entered into the mendeley system&#46; The search used keywords<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Biolarvicidal&#42; OR larvicidal&#42; OR larvacidal&#42;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Essential Oil&#42; OR Extract&#42; OR Plant Oil&#42;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes aegypti</span>&#42;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mosquito&#42;</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Inclusion and exclusion criteria</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The search criteria in the database&#44; are those which &#40;a&#41; focused on essential oil&#59; &#40;b&#41; Larvicidal&#59; &#40;c&#41; Experimental Study&#59; &#40;d&#41; were published during the last ten years &#40;2009 to 2019&#41;&#59; &#40;e&#41; English-language articles&#59; &#40;f&#41; Open access&#46; Exclusion criteria were &#40;1&#41; Review&#47;editorial&#44; &#40;2&#41; Conference proceedings&#44; &#40;3&#41; Study Protocol&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Data extraction</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This systematic review using the 2015 PRISMA guideline to select the articles that have been submitted&#46; After reading the title and abstract&#44; articles that do not match the theme will be excluded&#46; Then the articles will be read in full text to find out the year&#44; object&#44; method larvicidal assay and research fundings&#46; After collection various literature&#44; it is then discussed with various relevant and competitive experts to be made together in a good literature review&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Quality assessment</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To asses quality assessment and studies reviewed the articles was used STROBE&#47;Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The STROBE checklist based on the 22 item but in this study used 8 quality-appraisal criteria&#58; Objectives&#44; Study design&#44; Setting&#44; Data source&#47;measurement&#44; Outcome data&#44; Limitation&#44; Interpretation and Funding &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Eligible articles are the articles that obtain the highest score in the evaluation of the quality of the article were rated as score &#8804;3 &#40;poor&#41;&#59; score 4&#8211;6 &#40;medium&#41;&#59; and score &#8805;7 &#40;high&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Result</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The total of journal is 7112 articles were referred from the four data bases&#46; After articles removing are 747 articles&#44; articles abstract is reviewed after reading titles &#40;not mosquito&#41; is 157 articles&#46; At last&#44; 36 articles full-text reviewed and excluded is 20 articles&#46; As many as 3 articles included after reading reference from manual search&#46; Finally a total of 13 articles &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Various efforts have been made to prevent the emergence of mosquito resistance to certain chemicals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> Therefore&#44; a more environmentally friendly&#44; effective&#44; efficient and safe way to control health is needed&#46; Biological control can be an alternative in the fight against vector mosquitoes by reducing the populations of vector mosquitoes and by using natural materials&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the alternatives that can be used in mosquito vector control began to be encouraged by researchers&#46; Essential oils from plants can damage with respiratory&#44; digestive&#44; metabolic&#44; behavioral and psychological of insects especially mosquitoes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The essential oil for many plants can use for larvicidal against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Piper batle</span> L&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tinospora rhumpii</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Azadiractha indica</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Persea americana</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Piper aduncum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leucas aspera</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Eucaliptus camaldulensis</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ottonia anisum</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Salvia Plebeian</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Lantana camara</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Syzygium aromaticum</span> with 100&#37; mortality larvae <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> at 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Discussion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Various researches from experts regarding the ability of essential oils to kill mosquito vectors have encouraged further exploration of the possibility of using essential oils from certain plants as an alternative step in controlling diseases transmitted by mosquito vectors&#46; The chemical compound content of essential oils that have been studied from various types of plants shows that locally sourced plant chemical content is more effective than previous research reports but with slight variations&#46; Factors that cause different variations are usually associated with the differences and similarities in the chemotype of each species observed&#46; In addition&#44; the influence of environmental differences also affects the development and physiology of these species&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results showed that essential oils from various plants have toxic substances for mosquito larvae so that they can kill mosquito larvae with an average mortality rate of more than 85&#37; for 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h and a mortality rate of 100&#37; mosquito larvae for 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h although there is no significant difference in giving concentration levels of the plant&#39;s essential oil&#46; Many plants have been believed to have a high biological ability to fight pathogenic microorganisms and insect pests&#46; The difference in the level of essential oil toxicity is probably caused by differences in the variation in the content of chemical compounds that will determine the plant&#39;s ability to kill mosquito larvae&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The content of the main chemical compounds of essential oils plant has been widely used as a formula in the management of pest and insect pathogen control because it is known to have high toxic and antimicrobial and insecticidal properties&#46; The difference in resistance levels and insecticide susceptibility of various insect vectors&#44; especially mosquitoes&#44; can be caused by various factors including differences in physiological and biochemical processes of the insects themselves&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conclusion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This literature review concludes that essential oils from several plants have the potential to kill mosquito vectors so that this local essential oil can be used as a new way of managing mosquito vector control&#44; especially in dengue hemorrhagic fever endemic areas and remote areas that are difficult to access by health facilities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack576331"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2021-06-28"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2021-07-30"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1456674"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes aegypti</span>"
            1 => "Essential oil"
            2 => "Larvicidal"
            3 => "Mosquito"
            4 => "Plants"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study aimed to describe the effectiveness of essential oil plants for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes aegypti</span> mosquito vector control&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This systematic review selection process following with 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses &#40;PRISMA&#41; Guideline&#46; The source of the articles from databases international journal were Scopus&#44; Pubmed&#44; Scinapse and Google Scholar&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Result</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Natural control management with essential oil is the way of alternative for larvicidal mosquito control especially <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span>&#46; The essential oil for many plants can use for larvicidal against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Piper batle</span> L&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tinospora rhumpii&#44; Azadiractha indica&#44; Persea americana&#44; Piper aduncum&#44; Leucas aspera&#44; Eucaliptus camaldulensis&#44; Ottonia anisum&#44; Salvia Plebeian&#44; Lantana camara</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Syzygium aromaticum</span> with 100&#37; mortality larvae <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> at 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The vector borne diseases must be used to integrate vector management control with essential oils plants&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Result"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Nursing&#44; Health Science Students &#38; Health Care Professionals Conference&#46; Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article&#46;</p>"
      ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow chart articles based on 2015 PRISMA guideline&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p>"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#44; year&#44; country&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Object&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Method&#44; larvacidal assay&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Assessment quality &#40;0&#8211;8 points&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Funding&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Riesna Martianasari and Penny Humaidah Hamid&#44; 2019&#44; Indonesia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Egg&#44; Larvae and Adult&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Potential use of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Piper betle</span> L&#46; essential oil is at the concentration of 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm &#40;100&#37; mortality in 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pedro M et al&#46;&#44; 2014&#44; Philipina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third stage larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Larvicidal activity to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes aegypti</span> mosquito larvae of 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;ml &#40;48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Jatropa curcas</span> 61&#46;67&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Citrus grandis</span> 83&#46;3&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tinospora rhumpii</span> 93&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Muhammad Uzair et al&#46;&#44; 2015&#44; Pakistan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third and fourth intsar larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Azadiractha indica</span> oil was considered best 100&#37; mortality after 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h at 3&#37; and 4&#37; concentration&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Laura Scalvenzi et al&#46;&#44; 2019&#44; Italia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third and fourth intsar larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">After 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; percentage mortality franged from 2&#46;7 &#40;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;mL&#41; to 100&#37; for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Piper aduncum</span>&#59; from 2&#46;2 &#40;250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;mL&#41; to 100&#37; for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ocimum camphechianum</span>&#59; and from 2&#44;9 &#40;250<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;mL&#41; to 100&#37; for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ocotea quixos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">D&#46; Elumalai&#44; P&#46; et al&#46;&#44; 2017&#44; India<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fourth intsar larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">After 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; methanol extract of Leucas aspera showed mortality against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> untl 100&#37; at 80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm and more potent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sen-Sung Cheng et al&#44; 2009&#44; Taiwan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fourth intsar larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</span> leaf essential oil against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> in concentration 100&#37; larval mortality at 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml and concentration 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Eucalyptus urophylla</span> at 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Andr&#233; M&#46; Marques et al&#46;&#44; 2017&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third stage larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Concentration tested until 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml &#40;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&#41;&#44; the L3 larval mortality was 100&#37;&#44; 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after treatment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ivoke&#44; N&#46; and Odii&#44; E&#46; C&#44; 2010&#44; Nigeria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third stage larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Essential oil of Lantana camara against early third stage larvae of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span>&#44; 100&#37; mortality was recorded at 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;l concentration and leveled off thereafter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nwankwo&#44; E&#46; N&#46; et al&#46;&#44; 2011&#44; Nigeria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third stage larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mortality increased with increasing concentration&#46; 95&#37; larval mortality against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> in 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h with concentration 95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alzeir Machado Rodrigues et al&#46;&#44; 2018&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third and fourth instars of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Essential oil of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Syzigium aromaticum</span> were 32&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Croton nepetaefolius</span> 81&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm after 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h was found 50&#37; larval mortality &#40;LC50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kehinde Adenike Fayemiwo et al&#46;&#44; 2014&#44; Nigeria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third stage larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">After 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h was found over 85&#37; larval mortality&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Syzigium aromaticum</span> were more susceptible against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> LC50 at 92&#44;56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;ml and pinus sylvestris 128<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adriana Faraco et al&#46;&#44; 2016&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third stage larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">All tested species was found laricidal effects in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Syzigium aromaticum</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Citrus sinensis</span> but not recommended for combination with temephos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eunice da S&#46; Medeiros et al&#46;&#44; 2012&#44; Brazil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Third stage larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">WHO Guideline&#47;Gas chromatography&#8211;mass spectrometry &#40;GC&#8211;MS&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">High &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">For <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> larvae&#44; the highest mortality rate occurred within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h in the aqueous extract&#46; Eugenol exhibited the highest motality rate on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46; aegypti</span> larvae at 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab2781884.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Summary of selected studies essential oil for larvicidal&#46;</p>"
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    ]
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      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Global Vector Control Response&#46; Geneva"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "WHO"
                          ]
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                      "Libro" => array:1 [
                        "fecha" => "2020"
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The global distribution and burden of dengue&#46; The Global Distribution and Burden of Dengue"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "S&#46; Bhatt"
                            1 => "P&#46;W&#46; Gething"
                            2 => "O&#46;J&#46; Brady"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1038/nature12060"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0145"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Global&#44; regional&#44; and national incidence&#44; prevalence&#44; and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries&#44; 1990&#8211;2015&#58; a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
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                            0 => "T&#46; Vos"
                            1 => "C&#46; Allen"
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                          ]
                        ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "Revista" => array:7 [
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                        "numero" => "10053"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733282"
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                        ]
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                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Widespread report of multiple insecticide resistance in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anopheles gambiae</span> s&#46;l&#46; mosquitoes in eight communities in southern Gombe&#44; north-eastern Nigeria"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Olatunbosun-Oduola"
                            1 => "E&#46; Abba"
                            2 => "O&#46; Adelaja"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "50"
                        "paginaFinal" => "61"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31346535"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
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            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Integrated <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes</span> management for the control of Aedes-borne diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Roiz"
                            1 => "A&#46;L&#46; Wilson"
                            2 => "T&#46;W&#46; Scott"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS Negl Trop Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "21"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
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            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Plant-based insect repellents&#58; a review of their efficacy&#44; development and testing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;F&#46; Maia"
                            1 => "S&#46;J&#46; Moore"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1475-2875-10-1"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Malar J"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "numero" => "Suppl&#46; 1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "15"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21214892"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses&#58; the PRISMA statement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
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Vol. 35. Núm. S2.
The 3rd International Nursing and Health Sciences Students and Health Care Professionals Conference (INHSP)
Páginas S459-S462 (enero 2020)
Open Access
Essential oil as a new tool for larvicidal Aedes aegypti: A systematic review
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Budimana,b,
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, Hasanuddin Ishakb, Stangb, Erniwati Ibrahimb, Anwar Daudb, Ridwan Amiruddinb
a Faculty of Public Health, Muhammadiyah University, Palu, Indonesia
b Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Table 1. Summary of selected studies essential oil for larvicidal.
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Vol. 35. Núm S2

The 3rd International Nursing and Health Sciences Students and Health Care Professionals Conference (INHSP)

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Abstract
Objective

The study aimed to describe the effectiveness of essential oil plants for Aedes aegypti mosquito vector control.

Methods

This systematic review selection process following with 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guideline. The source of the articles from databases international journal were Scopus, Pubmed, Scinapse and Google Scholar.

Result

Natural control management with essential oil is the way of alternative for larvicidal mosquito control especially A. aegypti. The essential oil for many plants can use for larvicidal against A. aegypti as Piper batle L., Tinospora rhumpii, Azadiractha indica, Persea americana, Piper aduncum, Leucas aspera, Eucaliptus camaldulensis, Ottonia anisum, Salvia Plebeian, Lantana camara, and Syzygium aromaticum with 100% mortality larvae A. aegypti at 48h.

Conclusions

The vector borne diseases must be used to integrate vector management control with essential oils plants.

Keywords:
Aedes aegypti
Essential oil
Larvicidal
Mosquito
Plants
Texto completo
Introduction

Diseases transmitted by vectors, in particular dengue, are a diseases that threatens public health worldwide.1 The global burden of dengue fever cases is 96 million cases per year, with a death total of 9.110 per year.2,3

Nowadays, dengue control is often carried out by chemical control which will continuously have adverse effects such as the death of non-target organisms, pollution of the environment and endangering public health. In addition, this method also costs a lot of money and can cause resistance to mosquitoes.4,5

Biological control can be an alternative to the control of vector mosquitoes by reducing the population of vector mosquitoes using natural materials. The alternative to vector control use essential oils or plants oil and extracts has been encouraged by many researchers.5 Plant essential oils can interfere the respiratory, digestive, metabolic, behavioral and psychological systems of insects, especially mosquitoes.6

Therefore, a systematic review of the literature based on a review is needed that will provide insight into the efficacy of plant essential oils as a novel means of controlling the Aedes aegypti vector.

MethodsStudy selection

This systematic review selection procees following with 2015 PRISMA/Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guideline.7 Literature review sources come from online searches of national and international reputable journal databases and e-books. The journal is indexed by Scopus, Pubmed, Scinapse and Google Scholar databases. Literature collected is based on topics raised in the last 10 years of publication between 2009 until 2019. Furthermore, all articles that have been collected are entered into the mendeley system. The search used keywords

  • Biolarvicidal* OR larvicidal* OR larvacidal*

  • Essential Oil* OR Extract* OR Plant Oil*

  • Aedes aegypti*

  • Mosquito*

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

The search criteria in the database, are those which (a) focused on essential oil; (b) Larvicidal; (c) Experimental Study; (d) were published during the last ten years (2009 to 2019); (e) English-language articles; (f) Open access. Exclusion criteria were (1) Review/editorial, (2) Conference proceedings, (3) Study Protocol.

Data extraction

This systematic review using the 2015 PRISMA guideline to select the articles that have been submitted. After reading the title and abstract, articles that do not match the theme will be excluded. Then the articles will be read in full text to find out the year, object, method larvicidal assay and research fundings. After collection various literature, it is then discussed with various relevant and competitive experts to be made together in a good literature review.

Quality assessment

To asses quality assessment and studies reviewed the articles was used STROBE/Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist.8 The STROBE checklist based on the 22 item but in this study used 8 quality-appraisal criteria: Objectives, Study design, Setting, Data source/measurement, Outcome data, Limitation, Interpretation and Funding (Table 1). Eligible articles are the articles that obtain the highest score in the evaluation of the quality of the article were rated as score ≤3 (poor); score 4–6 (medium); and score ≥7 (high).9

Table 1.

Summary of selected studies essential oil for larvicidal.

No.  Author, year, country  Object  Method, larvacidal assay  Assessment quality (0–8 points)  Funding 
Riesna Martianasari and Penny Humaidah Hamid, 2019, Indonesia15  Egg, Larvae and Adult  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (8)  Potential use of Piper betle L. essential oil is at the concentration of 500ppm (100% mortality in 1h) 
Pedro M et al., 2014, Philipina16  Third stage larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (8)  Larvicidal activity to Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae of 60mg/ml (48h Jatropa curcas 61.67%, Citrus grandis 83.3%, Tinospora rhumpii 93.3%) 
Muhammad Uzair et al., 2015, Pakistan17  Third and fourth intsar larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (7)  Azadiractha indica oil was considered best 100% mortality after 24h at 3% and 4% concentration. 
Laura Scalvenzi et al., 2019, Italia18  Third and fourth intsar larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (7)  After 24h, percentage mortality franged from 2.7 (50μg/mL) to 100% for Piper aduncum; from 2.2 (250μg/mL) to 100% for Ocimum camphechianum; and from 2,9 (250μg/mL) to 100% for Ocotea quixos 
D. Elumalai, P. et al., 2017, India19  Fourth intsar larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (8)  After 24h, methanol extract of Leucas aspera showed mortality against A. aegypti untl 100% at 80ppm and more potent 
Sen-Sung Cheng et al, 2009, Taiwan20  Fourth intsar larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (7)  Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf essential oil against A. aegypti in concentration 100% larval mortality at 100μg/ml and concentration 200μg/ml Eucalyptus urophylla at 24
André M. Marques et al., 2017, Brazil21  Third stage larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (7)  Concentration tested until 200μg/ml (30μg/ml), the L3 larval mortality was 100%, 24h after treatment 
Ivoke, N. and Odii, E. C, 2010, Nigeria22  Third stage larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (7)  Essential oil of Lantana camara against early third stage larvae of A. aegypti, 100% mortality was recorded at 50mg/l concentration and leveled off thereafter 
Nwankwo, E. N. et al., 2011, Nigeria23  Third stage larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (7)  Mortality increased with increasing concentration. 95% larval mortality against A. aegypti in 12h with concentration 95μg/ml 
10  Alzeir Machado Rodrigues et al., 2018, Brazil24  Third and fourth instars of A. aegypti  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (7)  Essential oil of Syzigium aromaticum were 32.7ppm and Croton nepetaefolius 81.7ppm after 24h was found 50% larval mortality (LC50) 
11  Kehinde Adenike Fayemiwo et al., 2014, Nigeria25  Third stage larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (8)  After 24h was found over 85% larval mortality. Syzigium aromaticum were more susceptible against A. aegypti LC50 at 92,56mg/ml and pinus sylvestris 128mg/ml 
12  Adriana Faraco et al., 2016, Brazil26  Third stage larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (7)  All tested species was found laricidal effects in Syzigium aromaticum and Citrus sinensis but not recommended for combination with temephos 
13  Eunice da S. Medeiros et al., 2012, Brazil12  Third stage larvae  WHO Guideline/Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)  High (7)  For A. aegypti larvae, the highest mortality rate occurred within 24h in the aqueous extract. Eugenol exhibited the highest motality rate on A. aegypti larvae at 48
Result

The total of journal is 7112 articles were referred from the four data bases. After articles removing are 747 articles, articles abstract is reviewed after reading titles (not mosquito) is 157 articles. At last, 36 articles full-text reviewed and excluded is 20 articles. As many as 3 articles included after reading reference from manual search. Finally a total of 13 articles (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.

Flow chart articles based on 2015 PRISMA guideline.7

(0.29MB).

Various efforts have been made to prevent the emergence of mosquito resistance to certain chemicals.10,11 Therefore, a more environmentally friendly, effective, efficient and safe way to control health is needed. Biological control can be an alternative in the fight against vector mosquitoes by reducing the populations of vector mosquitoes and by using natural materials.5

One of the alternatives that can be used in mosquito vector control began to be encouraged by researchers. Essential oils from plants can damage with respiratory, digestive, metabolic, behavioral and psychological of insects especially mosquitoes.6,12

The essential oil for many plants can use for larvicidal against A. aegypti as Piper batle L., Tinospora rhumpii, Azadiractha indica, Persea americana, Piper aduncum, Leucas aspera, Eucaliptus camaldulensis, Ottonia anisum, Salvia Plebeian, Lantana camara, and Syzygium aromaticum with 100% mortality larvae A. aegypti at 48h.

Discussion

Various researches from experts regarding the ability of essential oils to kill mosquito vectors have encouraged further exploration of the possibility of using essential oils from certain plants as an alternative step in controlling diseases transmitted by mosquito vectors. The chemical compound content of essential oils that have been studied from various types of plants shows that locally sourced plant chemical content is more effective than previous research reports but with slight variations. Factors that cause different variations are usually associated with the differences and similarities in the chemotype of each species observed. In addition, the influence of environmental differences also affects the development and physiology of these species.12,13

The results showed that essential oils from various plants have toxic substances for mosquito larvae so that they can kill mosquito larvae with an average mortality rate of more than 85% for 24h and a mortality rate of 100% mosquito larvae for 48h although there is no significant difference in giving concentration levels of the plant's essential oil. Many plants have been believed to have a high biological ability to fight pathogenic microorganisms and insect pests. The difference in the level of essential oil toxicity is probably caused by differences in the variation in the content of chemical compounds that will determine the plant's ability to kill mosquito larvae.13,14

The content of the main chemical compounds of essential oils plant has been widely used as a formula in the management of pest and insect pathogen control because it is known to have high toxic and antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. The difference in resistance levels and insecticide susceptibility of various insect vectors, especially mosquitoes, can be caused by various factors including differences in physiological and biochemical processes of the insects themselves.12,14

Conclusion

This literature review concludes that essential oils from several plants have the potential to kill mosquito vectors so that this local essential oil can be used as a new way of managing mosquito vector control, especially in dengue hemorrhagic fever endemic areas and remote areas that are difficult to access by health facilities.12–14

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

This literature review is one of the requirements in taking doctoral studies in Faculty of Public Health Hasanuddin University Indonesia. First author was presented at International Conference on Safety and Public Health (ICOS-PH, 2020) “Global Collaboration for Safety and Public Health” Makassar, Sept 3rd – 4th 2020.

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