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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Espa&#241;a presenta una de las tasas de suicidio m&#225;s bajas &#40;8&#44;7 por 100&#46;000&#41;&#44; pero ha sufrido&#44; junto a Irlanda&#44; uno de los incrementos en las tasas m&#225;s altos de Europa y del mundo&#46; En nuestro pa&#237;s se puede observar un aumento en las tasas de suicidio desde 1975 hasta 1994&#44; produci&#233;ndose una estabilizaci&#243;n en los a&#241;os siguientes&#59; este incremento es m&#225;s pronunciado entre los varones que entre las mujeres&#46; Los factores sociales&#44; especialmente ligados a los papeles de sexo y los cambios en estos papeles&#44; son las explicaciones m&#225;s probables&#46; Otra posible explicaci&#243;n del aumento observado de la mortalidad por suicidio entre los varones j&#243;venes podr&#237;a ser la epidemia de sida y de adicci&#243;n a drogas por v&#237;a parenteral &#40;ADVP&#41; que se observ&#243; en Espa&#241;a en las d&#233;cadas de los a&#241;os ochenta y noventa&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Por otra parte&#44; estamos ante una verdadera epidemia de violencia contra los ni&#241;os y contra las mujeres&#46; Hay abundante literatura m&#233;dica sobre la relaci&#243;n entre el abuso infantil &#40;psicol&#243;gico o sexual&#41; y el riesgo de suicidio en la adolescencia o en la vida adulta&#46; Las mujeres que sufren violencia por parte de su compa&#241;ero sentimental tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer dolor cr&#243;nico&#44; diversas somatizaciones&#44; mayor consumo de sustancias t&#243;xicas como drogas y alcohol&#44; depression e intentos de suicidio&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La asociaci&#243;n entre la precariedad laboral y el suicidio parece deberse a causas econ&#243;micas y de apoyo social y familiar&#44; las cuales producen una mayor vulnerabilidad a enfermedades mentales&#46; Estos factores tienen gran importancia porque Espa&#241;a presenta las tasas de paro y contrataci&#243;n temporal m&#225;s altas de la Uni&#243;n Europea&#46; Parece razonable pensar que dado el individualismo de la sociedad contempor&#225;nea&#44; las exigencias de esta sociedad y el nuevo papel de la mujer frente al mercado laboral&#44; que produce entre otras cosas una mayor dificultad en conciliar la vida laboral y familiar&#44; son factores que pueden explicar que no se produzca una disminuci&#243;n en las tasas de suicidio&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Spain presents one of the lowest suicide rates &#40;8&#46;7 per 100&#44;000&#41; but&#44; as well as Ireland&#44; it has also experienced one of the highest rate increases both within Europe and within the world&#46; In our country&#44; it can be observed an increase in the suicide rates from 1975 to 1994&#44; being this increase greater in men than in women&#46; It can also be noted that there was a stabilisation in the following years&#46; Social factors&#44; specially those which have to deal with gender roles and changes in these roles&#44; are the most common explanations&#46; Another possible explanation for the observed increase in mortality due to suicide among young men could be the AIDS epidemic and intravenous drug addiction&#44; that was observed in Spain during the eighties and nineties&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; we are witnessing an epidemic related to violence against children and women&#46; Literature strongly suggests that child abuse &#40;psychological and sexual&#41; is associated with increased suicide risk in adolescent or adult life&#46; Women experience violence from their intimate partners and have a greater risk of suffering from chronic pain&#44; diverse somatisations&#44; greater substance use like drugs and alcohol&#44; depression and suicide attempt&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The association between work precariousness and suicide seems to be due to economic and social and family support factors&#44; which can lead to greater vulnerability to mental health problems&#46; These factors are of great relevance&#44; since Spain presents one of the highest unemployment and temporary employment rates in the European Union&#46; It seems reasonable that&#44; due to the individualism that characterises the contemporary society&#44; its demands and the new role of women in the work market that cause&#44; among others&#44; a greater difficulty in combining work and family life&#44; are factors that could explain the lack of decrease in suicide rates&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 20. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2006: Los desajustes en la salud en el mundo desarrollado
Páginas 25-31 (marzo 2006)
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Vol. 20. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2006: Los desajustes en la salud en el mundo desarrollado
Páginas 25-31 (marzo 2006)
Open Access
El suicidio en la España de hoy
Suicide in Spain today
Visitas
1334
Isabel Ruiz-Pérez
Autor para correspondencia
isabel.ruiz.easp@juntadeandalucía.es

Correspondencia: Isabel Ruiz-Pérez. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Campus Universitario de Cartuja. Apdo. de Correos 2070. 18080 Granada. España.
, Antonio Olry de Labry-Lima
Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Granada. España
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Resumen

España presenta una de las tasas de suicidio más bajas (8,7 por 100.000), pero ha sufrido, junto a Irlanda, uno de los incrementos en las tasas más altos de Europa y del mundo. En nuestro país se puede observar un aumento en las tasas de suicidio desde 1975 hasta 1994, produciéndose una estabilización en los años siguientes; este incremento es más pronunciado entre los varones que entre las mujeres. Los factores sociales, especialmente ligados a los papeles de sexo y los cambios en estos papeles, son las explicaciones más probables. Otra posible explicación del aumento observado de la mortalidad por suicidio entre los varones jóvenes podría ser la epidemia de sida y de adicción a drogas por vía parenteral (ADVP) que se observó en España en las décadas de los años ochenta y noventa.

Por otra parte, estamos ante una verdadera epidemia de violencia contra los niños y contra las mujeres. Hay abundante literatura médica sobre la relación entre el abuso infantil (psicológico o sexual) y el riesgo de suicidio en la adolescencia o en la vida adulta. Las mujeres que sufren violencia por parte de su compañero sentimental tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer dolor crónico, diversas somatizaciones, mayor consumo de sustancias tóxicas como drogas y alcohol, depression e intentos de suicidio.

La asociación entre la precariedad laboral y el suicidio parece deberse a causas económicas y de apoyo social y familiar, las cuales producen una mayor vulnerabilidad a enfermedades mentales. Estos factores tienen gran importancia porque España presenta las tasas de paro y contratación temporal más altas de la Unión Europea. Parece razonable pensar que dado el individualismo de la sociedad contemporánea, las exigencias de esta sociedad y el nuevo papel de la mujer frente al mercado laboral, que produce entre otras cosas una mayor dificultad en conciliar la vida laboral y familiar, son factores que pueden explicar que no se produzca una disminución en las tasas de suicidio.

Palabras clave:
Suicidio
Parasuicidio
España
Abstract

Spain presents one of the lowest suicide rates (8.7 per 100,000) but, as well as Ireland, it has also experienced one of the highest rate increases both within Europe and within the world. In our country, it can be observed an increase in the suicide rates from 1975 to 1994, being this increase greater in men than in women. It can also be noted that there was a stabilisation in the following years. Social factors, specially those which have to deal with gender roles and changes in these roles, are the most common explanations. Another possible explanation for the observed increase in mortality due to suicide among young men could be the AIDS epidemic and intravenous drug addiction, that was observed in Spain during the eighties and nineties.

Furthermore, we are witnessing an epidemic related to violence against children and women. Literature strongly suggests that child abuse (psychological and sexual) is associated with increased suicide risk in adolescent or adult life. Women experience violence from their intimate partners and have a greater risk of suffering from chronic pain, diverse somatisations, greater substance use like drugs and alcohol, depression and suicide attempt.

The association between work precariousness and suicide seems to be due to economic and social and family support factors, which can lead to greater vulnerability to mental health problems. These factors are of great relevance, since Spain presents one of the highest unemployment and temporary employment rates in the European Union. It seems reasonable that, due to the individualism that characterises the contemporary society, its demands and the new role of women in the work market that cause, among others, a greater difficulty in combining work and family life, are factors that could explain the lack of decrease in suicide rates.

Key words:
Suicide
Parasuicide
Spain
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