El suicidio en la España de hoy
Suicide in Spain today
Isabel Ruiz-Pérez
, Antonio Olry de Labry-Lima
Autor para correspondencia
isabel.ruiz.easp@juntadeandalucía.es
Correspondencia: Isabel Ruiz-Pérez. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Campus Universitario de Cartuja. Apdo. de Correos 2070. 18080 Granada. España.
Correspondencia: Isabel Ruiz-Pérez. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Campus Universitario de Cartuja. Apdo. de Correos 2070. 18080 Granada. España.
Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Granada. España
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Granada. España" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Isabel Ruiz-Pérez. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Campus Universitario de Cartuja. Apdo. de Correos 2070. 18080 Granada. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Suicide in Spain today" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13917" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Suicidio" 1 => "Parasuicidio" 2 => "España" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec13918" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Suicide" 1 => "Parasuicide" 2 => "Spain" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">España presenta una de las tasas de suicidio más bajas (8,7 por 100.000), pero ha sufrido, junto a Irlanda, uno de los incrementos en las tasas más altos de Europa y del mundo. En nuestro país se puede observar un aumento en las tasas de suicidio desde 1975 hasta 1994, produciéndose una estabilización en los años siguientes; este incremento es más pronunciado entre los varones que entre las mujeres. Los factores sociales, especialmente ligados a los papeles de sexo y los cambios en estos papeles, son las explicaciones más probables. Otra posible explicación del aumento observado de la mortalidad por suicidio entre los varones jóvenes podría ser la epidemia de sida y de adicción a drogas por vía parenteral (ADVP) que se observó en España en las décadas de los años ochenta y noventa.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Por otra parte, estamos ante una verdadera epidemia de violencia contra los niños y contra las mujeres. Hay abundante literatura médica sobre la relación entre el abuso infantil (psicológico o sexual) y el riesgo de suicidio en la adolescencia o en la vida adulta. Las mujeres que sufren violencia por parte de su compañero sentimental tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer dolor crónico, diversas somatizaciones, mayor consumo de sustancias tóxicas como drogas y alcohol, depression e intentos de suicidio.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La asociación entre la precariedad laboral y el suicidio parece deberse a causas económicas y de apoyo social y familiar, las cuales producen una mayor vulnerabilidad a enfermedades mentales. Estos factores tienen gran importancia porque España presenta las tasas de paro y contratación temporal más altas de la Unión Europea. Parece razonable pensar que dado el individualismo de la sociedad contemporánea, las exigencias de esta sociedad y el nuevo papel de la mujer frente al mercado laboral, que produce entre otras cosas una mayor dificultad en conciliar la vida laboral y familiar, son factores que pueden explicar que no se produzca una disminución en las tasas de suicidio.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Spain presents one of the lowest suicide rates (8.7 per 100,000) but, as well as Ireland, it has also experienced one of the highest rate increases both within Europe and within the world. In our country, it can be observed an increase in the suicide rates from 1975 to 1994, being this increase greater in men than in women. It can also be noted that there was a stabilisation in the following years. Social factors, specially those which have to deal with gender roles and changes in these roles, are the most common explanations. Another possible explanation for the observed increase in mortality due to suicide among young men could be the AIDS epidemic and intravenous drug addiction, that was observed in Spain during the eighties and nineties.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore, we are witnessing an epidemic related to violence against children and women. Literature strongly suggests that child abuse (psychological and sexual) is associated with increased suicide risk in adolescent or adult life. Women experience violence from their intimate partners and have a greater risk of suffering from chronic pain, diverse somatisations, greater substance use like drugs and alcohol, depression and suicide attempt.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The association between work precariousness and suicide seems to be due to economic and social and family support factors, which can lead to greater vulnerability to mental health problems. These factors are of great relevance, since Spain presents one of the highest unemployment and temporary employment rates in the European Union. It seems reasonable that, due to the individualism that characterises the contemporary society, its demands and the new role of women in the work market that cause, among others, a greater difficulty in combining work and family life, are factors that could explain the lack of decrease in suicide rates.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:40 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "World report on violence and health" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E. Krug" 1 => "L. Dahlberg" 2 => "J. Mercy" 3 => "A. Zwi" 4 => "R. 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Información del artículo
ISSN: 02139111Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1157/13086023
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