Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo
El Cuestionario SF-36 es uno de los instrumentos de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) más utilizados y evaluados. Tras una década de uso este artículo revisa críticamente el contenido, propiedades métricas y nuevos desarrollos de la versión española.
MétodosRevisión de los artículos indizados en Medline (Pub-Med) y en las bases de datos IBECS e IME que han utilizado la versión española del cuestionario. Se seleccionaron los artículos con información sobre modelo de medida, fiabilidad, validez y sensibilidad al cambio del instrumento.
ResultadosSe encontraron 79 artículos, 17 de los cuales describían características métricas del cuestionario. En el 96% las escalas superaron el estándar propuesto de fiabilidad (α de Cronbach) de 0,7. Las estimaciones agrupadas obtenidas por metaanálisis fueron superiores a 0,7 en todos los casos. El SF-36 mostró buena discriminación entre grupos de gravedad, correlación moderada con indicadores clínicos y alta con otros instrumentos de CVRS. El SF-36 predijo mortalidad y detectó mejoría tras la angioplastia coronaria, la cirugía de hipertrofia prostática benigna o la ventilación domiciliaria no invasiva. Los nuevos desarrollos descritos (puntuaciones basadas en normas, la versión 2, el SF-12 y el SF-8) mejoraron sus propiedades métricas y su interpretación.
ConclusionesEl SF-36, conjuntamente con las nuevas versiones desarrolladas, es un instrumento muy adecuado para su uso en investigación y en la práctica clínica.
Palabras clave:
SF-36
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud
Validez
Fiabilidad
Cuestionarios
Abstract
Objective
The Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) is one of the most widely used and evaluated generic health-related quality of life (HRQL) questionnaires. After almost a decade of use in Spain, the present article critically reviews the content and metric properties of the Spanish version, as well as its new developments.
MethodsA review of indexed articles that used the Spanish version of the SF-36 was performed in Medline (PubMed), the Spanish bibliographic databases IBECS and IME. Articles that provided information on the measurement model, reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change of the instrument were selected.
ResultsSeventy-nine articles were found, of which 17 evaluated the metric characteristics of the questionnaire. The reliability of the SF-36 scales was higher than the suggested standard (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.7 in 96% of the evaluations. Grouped evaluations obtained by meta-analysis were higher than 0.7 in all cases. The SF-36 showed good discrimination among severity groups, moderate correlations with clinical indicators, and high correlations with other HRQL instruments. Moreover, questionnaire scores predicted mortality and were able to detect improvement due to therapeutic interventions such as coronary angioplasty, benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery, and non-invasive positive pressure home ventilation. The new developments (normbased scoring, version 2, the SF-12 and SF-8) improved both the metric properties and interpretation of the questionnaire.
ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the SF-36 and its recently developed versions is a suitable instrument for use in medical research, as well as in clinical practice.
Key words:
SF-36
Health-related quality of life
Validity
Reliability
Questionnaires
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E. Hernández-Osma, M.A. Cairols, X. Marti, E. Barjau, S. Riera.
Impact of treatment on the quality of life in patients with critical limb ischaemia.
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 23 (2002), pp. 491-494
[94.]
J.M. Quintana, J. Cabriada, I. Arostegui, I.L. De Tejada, A. Bilbao.
Quality-of-life outcomes with laparoscopic vs open cholecystectomy.
Surg Endosc, 17 (2003), pp. 1129-1134
[95.]
X. Badia Llach, D. Castro Díaz, J. Conejero Sugranes.
Validezdel cuestionario King's Health para la evaluación de la calidad de vida en pacientes con incontinencia urinaria.
Med Clin (Barc), 114 (2000), pp. 647-652
[96.]
A. Escobar, J.M. Quintana, A. Bilbao, J. Azkarate, J.I. Guenaga.
Validation of the Spanish version of the WOMAC questionnaire for patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis. Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
Clin Rheumatol, 21 (2002), pp. 466-471
[97.]
V. Escriba-Aguir, R. Mas Pons, E. Flores Reus.
Validación del Job Content Questionnaire en personal de enfermería hospitalario.
Gac Sanit, 15 (2001), pp. 142-149
[98.]
P. Martínez Martin, B. Frades, F.J. Jiménez Jiménez, M. Pondal, J.J. López Lozano, L. Vela, et al.
La versión española del PDQ-39: fiabilidad y correlación con Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).
Neurologia, 14 (1999), pp. 159-163
[99.]
J.M. Quintana, J. Cabriada, I. López de Tejada, M. Varona, V. Oribe, B. Barrios, et al.
Traducción y validación del Índice de Calidad de Vida Gastrointestinal (GIQLI).
Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 93 (2001), pp. 693-706
[100.]
P. Rebollo, F. Ortega, T. Ortega, C. Valdes, M. García-Mendoza, E. Gómez.
Spanish validation of the Kidney Transplant Questionnaire: a useful instrument for assessing health related quality of life in kidney transplant patients.
Health Qual Life Outcomes, 1 (2003), pp. 56
[101.]
C. Torrens, F. Orient, F. Vila, F. Escalada, M. Marín.
Análisis comparativo entre la escala de constant y el cuestionario de salud SF-36 en pacientes con patología subacromial.
Rev Ortop Traumatol, 44 (2000), pp. 447-451
[102.]
X. Badia, L. Prieto, M. Roset, A. Díez-Pérez, M. Herdman.
Development of a short osteoporosis quality of life questionnaire by equating items from two existing instruments.
J Clin Epidemiol, 55 (2002), pp. 32-40
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