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Vol. 22. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2008: Mejorando la efectividad de las intervenciones públicas sobre la salud
Páginas 169-178 (abril 2008)
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Vol. 22. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2008: Mejorando la efectividad de las intervenciones públicas sobre la salud
Páginas 169-178 (abril 2008)
Capítulo 4. Un sistema de salud integrado y centrado en los usuarios
Open Access
El control del cáncer de pulmón en España: un análisis de la situación actual. Informe SESPAS 2008
Lung cancer in Spain: the current situation
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Xavier Bonfilla,b,c,
Autor para correspondencia
xbonfill@santpau.es

Correspondencia: Xavier Bonfill. Servicio de Epidemiología Clínica y Salud Pública. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau.
, M. Teresa Puiga,b, Ignasi Bolíbara,b,c, M. Jesús Quintanaa,c
a Servicio de Epidemiología Clínica y Salud Pública, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
b Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
c CIBERESP de Epidemiología y Salud Pública
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Resumen

El cáncer de pulmón es actualmente la causa más frecuente de muerte por cáncer en el mundo. Por ello, es pertinente analizar periódicamente el desarrollo y los resultados de las estrategias dirigidas a reducir su incidencia, mortalidad y morbilidad en España.

Aspectos preventivos

La reducción de la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón entre los hombres contrasta con el incremento observado entre las mujeres, lo cual plasma los cambios experimentados en la exposición al tabaco durante las últimas décadas. Es necesario desarrollar programas de prevención dirigidos específicamente a las mujeres y a los jóvenes y, asimismo, ampliar y aplicar en toda su extensión la vigente Ley de Prevención del Tabaquismo.

Aspectos relacionados con el diagnóstico precoz

De momento no hay suficiente evidencia científica para iniciar ningún cribado poblacional del cáncer de pulmón. Son necesarios unos circuitos asistenciales preferentes que aseguren la coordinación entre centros y niveles asistenciales y reduzcan sustancialmente las demoras actuales en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón.

Aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento

Todos los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón deberían tratarse sobre la base de decisiones colegiadas y la evidencia científica. La atención paliativa ha de recibir la misma prioridad que los tratamientos oncológicos. Hay que incrementar la participación de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón en las decisiones terapéuticas que les atañen. Se requieren mejores sistemas de información para la evaluación y la investigación clínica de esta enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pulmón
Estrategias de control
Abstract

Lung cancer is currently the most frequent cause of death from cancer worldwide, warranting periodic analysis of the development and results of strategies aimed at reducing the incidence, mortality and morbidity related to this disease in Spain.

Preventive aspects

Mortality reduction among men contrasts with the increase observed in women, reflecting changes in tobacco exposure in the last few decades. Prevention programs aimed specifically at women and youngsters should be developed. In addition, the current law of smoking prevention should be amplified and vigorously applied.

Aspects related to early diagnosis

So far, there is insufficient scientific evidence to initiate a population-based lung cancer screening program. Preferential health care circuits are required to guarantee coordination among centres and levels of care and to substantially reduce current delays in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer.

Treatment-related aspects

Therapeutic decisions in all lung cancer patients should be based on teamwork and scientific evidence. Palliative care deserves the same priority as oncological treatments. Lung cancer patients should participate more fully in therapeutic decisions. Better information systems are required for clinical assessment and research on this disease.

Key words:
Lung cancer
Control strategies
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