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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisiones sistem&#225;ticas previas han apoyado la eficacia del consejo m&#233;dico&#44; como intervenci&#243;n breve&#44; en el abordaje de bebedores excesivos detectados en la asistencia primaria&#46; Sin embargo&#44; estos resultados no pueden extrapolarse directamente a poblaciones que&#44; como las mediterr&#225;neas&#44; no est&#225;n representadas en dichas revisiones&#46; El objetivo de este estudio fue actualizar la evidencia sobre la eficacia de la intervenci&#243;n breve en consumidores excesivos de alcohol seg&#250;n estudios espa&#241;oles&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">B&#250;squeda de estudios en bases bibliogr&#225;ficas y consultas a expertos para localizar estudios no publicados&#46; Se calcularon las estimaciones combinadas para dos variables de resultado&#44; la reducci&#243;n del consumo de alcohol y la disminuci&#243;n de la frecuencia de bebedores excesivos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Dos de los 5 estudios localizados no estaban incluidos en una revisi&#243;n previa&#46; La eficacia de la intervenci&#243;n breve fue moderada para la disminuci&#243;n del consumo de alcohol &#40;d &#61; &#8211;0&#44;46&#59; intervalo de confianza &#40;IC&#41; del 95&#37;&#44; &#8211;0&#44;29 a &#8211;0&#44;63&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;0005&#59; el grupo tratado mejor&#243; un 22&#37; m&#225;s que el control&#41; y peque&#241;a para la disminuci&#243;n de la frecuencia de bebedores excesivos &#40;OR &#61; 1&#44;55&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;06 a 2&#44;26&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;02&#59; el grupo tratado mejor&#243; un 11&#37; m&#225;s que el control&#41;&#46; El an&#225;lisis basado en el cumplimiento del protocolo sobrestim&#243; 1&#44;5 veces el tama&#241;o del efecto respecto del an&#225;lisis basado en la intenci&#243;n de tratamiento&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados del estudio se&#241;alan que&#44; en nuestro pa&#237;s&#44; la intervenci&#243;n breve en atenci&#243;n primaria sobre bebedores a riesgo es eficaz&#44; aunque su efecto sea s&#243;lo moderado&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Former systematic reviews have backed the efficacy of medical counselling&#44; a form of brief intervention&#44; on the treatment of excessive drinkers detected in primary care settings&#46; Nevertheless&#44; these results cannot be applied without criticism to Mediterranean populations which&#44; so far&#44; have not been represented in the aforementioned studies&#46; The aim of the present study was to update the results on the efficacy of brief interventions in primary care by pooling Spanish studies&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Studies were searched for by using appropriate databases and also by consulting to experts in the field to retrieve grey literature&#46; Pooled estimations of effect sizes were calculated for two outcomes&#44; the reduction in the amount of alcohol consumption and the decrease in the number of excessive drinkers&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Two over the 5 retrieved studies were not included in a former review&#46; The effect size regarding the decrease of alcohol consumption was medium &#40;d &#61; &#8211;0&#46;46&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; &#8211;0&#46;29 to &#8211;0&#46;63&#59; p &#60; 0&#46;0005&#59; the intervention group outperformed the control by a 22&#37;&#41; and small for the decrease in the frequency of excessive drinkers &#40;OR &#61; 1&#46;55&#59; 95&#37; CI&#44; 1&#46;06 to 2&#46;26&#59; p &#61; 0&#46;02&#59; the intervention group outperformed the control by a 11&#37;&#41;&#46; The analysis by complimented protocols at the end of the study showed an effect size 1&#46;5 times larger than the analysis performed on intention-to-treat basis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results of this meta-analysis support the efficacy of brief intervention for excessive drinkers in primary care settings in Spain&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 17. Núm. 2.
Páginas 116-122 (marzo - abril 2003)
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Vol. 17. Núm. 2.
Páginas 116-122 (marzo - abril 2003)
Open Access
Eficacia del consejo médico para la reducción del consumo excesivo de alcohol. Metaanálisis de estudios españoles en atención primaria
Effectiveness of medical advice for reducing excessive alcohol conssumption. Meta-analysis of Spanish studies in primary care
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J. Ballesterosa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
onpbaroj@lg.ehu.es

Correspondencia: J. Ballesteros. Departamento de Neurociencias. Universidad del País Vasco. Barrio Sarriena s/n. 48940 Leioa (Vizcaya). España.
, J. Ariñoc, A. González-Pintoa, I. Querejetad,e
a Departamento de Neurociencias. Universidad del País Vasco. Leioa (Vizcaya). España
b Instituto de Investigaciones Psiquiátricas. Bilbao. España
c Módulo Psicosocial Deusto-San Ignacio. Bilbao. España
d Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital Donostia. San Sebastián. España
e Escuela Universitaria de Trabajo Social. Universidad del País Vasco. San Sebastián. España
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Resumen
Introducción

Revisiones sistemáticas previas han apoyado la eficacia del consejo médico, como intervención breve, en el abordaje de bebedores excesivos detectados en la asistencia primaria. Sin embargo, estos resultados no pueden extrapolarse directamente a poblaciones que, como las mediterráneas, no están representadas en dichas revisiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue actualizar la evidencia sobre la eficacia de la intervención breve en consumidores excesivos de alcohol según estudios españoles.

Métodos

Búsqueda de estudios en bases bibliográficas y consultas a expertos para localizar estudios no publicados. Se calcularon las estimaciones combinadas para dos variables de resultado, la reducción del consumo de alcohol y la disminución de la frecuencia de bebedores excesivos.

Resultados

Dos de los 5 estudios localizados no estaban incluidos en una revisión previa. La eficacia de la intervención breve fue moderada para la disminución del consumo de alcohol (d = –0,46; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%, –0,29 a –0,63; p < 0,0005; el grupo tratado mejoró un 22% más que el control) y pequeña para la disminución de la frecuencia de bebedores excesivos (OR = 1,55; IC del 95%, 1,06 a 2,26; p = 0,02; el grupo tratado mejoró un 11% más que el control). El análisis basado en el cumplimiento del protocolo sobrestimó 1,5 veces el tamaño del efecto respecto del análisis basado en la intención de tratamiento.

Conclusiones

Los resultados del estudio señalan que, en nuestro país, la intervención breve en atención primaria sobre bebedores a riesgo es eficaz, aunque su efecto sea sólo moderado.

Palabras clave:
Consejo médico
Intervención breve
Atención primaria de salud
Consumo de bebidas alcohólicas
Resultado del tratamiento
Eficacia
Abstract
Introduction

Former systematic reviews have backed the efficacy of medical counselling, a form of brief intervention, on the treatment of excessive drinkers detected in primary care settings. Nevertheless, these results cannot be applied without criticism to Mediterranean populations which, so far, have not been represented in the aforementioned studies. The aim of the present study was to update the results on the efficacy of brief interventions in primary care by pooling Spanish studies.

Methods

Studies were searched for by using appropriate databases and also by consulting to experts in the field to retrieve grey literature. Pooled estimations of effect sizes were calculated for two outcomes, the reduction in the amount of alcohol consumption and the decrease in the number of excessive drinkers.

Results

Two over the 5 retrieved studies were not included in a former review. The effect size regarding the decrease of alcohol consumption was medium (d = –0.46; 95% CI, –0.29 to –0.63; p < 0.0005; the intervention group outperformed the control by a 22%) and small for the decrease in the frequency of excessive drinkers (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.26; p = 0.02; the intervention group outperformed the control by a 11%). The analysis by complimented protocols at the end of the study showed an effect size 1.5 times larger than the analysis performed on intention-to-treat basis.

Conclusions

The results of this meta-analysis support the efficacy of brief intervention for excessive drinkers in primary care settings in Spain.

Key words:
Counseling
Brief intervention
Primary health care
Alcohol drinking
Treatment outcome
Treatment efficacy
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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