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Vol. 18. Núm. 4.
Páginas 326-334 (julio - agosto 2004)
Open Access
Del conocimiento científico de la investigación clínica a la cabecera del enfermo: las guías de práctica clínica y su implementación
Of scientific knowledge of clinical research at the bedside: clinical practice guidelines and their implementation
Visitas
9633
Marta Aymerich
Autor para correspondencia
maymerich@aatrm.catsalut.net

Correspondencia: Agència d’Avaluació de Tecnologia i Recerca Mèdiques (AATRM). Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili. Esteve Terradas, 30. Edifici Mestral, planta 1. 08023 Barcelona. España.
, Emília Sánchez
Agència d'Avaluació de Tecnologia i Recerca Mèdiques. Barcelona. España
Contenido relacionado
Gac Sanit. 2004;18:42010.1016/S0213-9111(04)71860-9
Este artículo ha recibido

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Información del artículo
Resumen

Las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) están dirigidas a profesionales y pacientes, y proporcionan información para la toma de decisiones. Tienen como propósito disminuir la variabilidad de la práctica médica para garantizar un nivel óptimo de calidad y mejorar así la atención sanitaria.

Las GPC se basan en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura biomédica y recomiendan líneas de actuación clínica de diferentes grados, según la calidad de la evidencia científica en la que se sustentan. Sin embargo, debe tenerse en cuenta que el conocimiento científico es sólo uno de los elementos que influyen en la práctica médica. Así pues, no es tarea fácil recomendar una línea de actuación en un contexto determinado (realidad) a partir de lo que ha sido investigado en condiciones bastante ideales (ensayo clínico aleatorizado); como tampoco lo es plasmar en una recomendación los resultados de la investigación, que depende del contexto (estudios de efectividad o de coste-efectividad). Estas dificultades siempre estarán presentes, porque cada paciente (y sus circunstancias) es diferente, pero pueden minimizarse si se llevan a cabo nuevos estudios que permitan reducir, un poco más, la incertidumbre en la toma de decisiones clínicas.

Finalmente, hay que comentar otra dificultad: conseguir la implementación de las GPC y en esto aún queda mucho camino por recorrer en el área de las ciencias de la salud. Aún así, seguro que si no hay un buen producto, de poco servirán las estrategias que permitan implementarlo. Por tanto, los esfuerzos deben concentrarse sobre todo en elaborar GPC de buena calidad.

Palabras clave:
Guía de práctica clínica
Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados
Medicina basada en la evidencia
Abstract

Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) are targeted at health professionals and patients providing information for decision-making. They are aimed at reducing variations in medical practice in order to guarantee an optimum level of quality and improve health care.

CPG are based on systematic reviews of biomedical literature and they recommend different clinical intervention strategies depending on the quality of scientific evidence on which they are based. However, we must bear in mind that scientific knowledge is only one of the elements that influence medical practice. Thus, it is not easy neither to recommend an intervention strategy for a specific circumstance (reality) from what has been studied in some rather ideal conditions (randomized controlled trial), nor to translate the context-dependent research evidence -effectiveness or cost-effectiveness studies-into a recommendation. These difficulties will be always present, as each patient (and his/her circumstances) is different from the others; but they can be lessened if more research is carried out to reduce uncertainty in clinical decision making.

Finally, another difficulty that should be mentioned is that of CPG implementation, and in order to succeed in it, there is still much left to do in the health sciences field. Nevertheless, if there is not a good product to implement, the strategies used to do it will not be very helpful. Thus, we need to focus our efforts on the development of high quality CPG.

Key words:
Clinical practice guideline
Randomized controlled trials
Evidence-based medicine
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