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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La varicela es una enfermedad muy contagiosa&#46; En Espa&#241;a&#44; en 1996&#44; el 91&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n de 13 a&#241;os la hab&#237;a padecido&#46; Las complicaciones son m&#225;s frecuentes en adultos&#46; El herpes zoster puede reactivarse tras la primoinfecci&#243;n en un 15&#37; de los casos&#46; Se ha autorizado en Espa&#241;a una vacuna en mayores de 13 a&#241;os con serolog&#237;a negativa&#46; Objetivo&#58; Conocer la relaci&#243;n coste-efectividad de vacunar a los individuos susceptibles de la cohorte de 13 a&#241;os en el a&#241;o 2001 y realizar una an&#225;lisis de la sensibilidad de par&#225;metros que lo condicionan&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#193;rbol de decisi&#243;n&#58; programa Decission Analysis by Tree-Age&#46; Las probabilidades y costes se calcularon con Microsof Excel&#46; Para determinar la poblaci&#243;n se aplic&#243; el porcentaje de susceptibilidad del estudio seroepidemiol&#243;gico en Espa&#241;a al Censo del Instituto Nacional de Estad&#237;stica de 2001&#46; Las probabilidades se calcularon con el teorema de Bayes aplicando la tasa de incidencia por edad de un pa&#237;s del hemisferio norte&#46; Los datos hospitalarios se obtuvieron del conjunto m&#237;nimo de datos b&#225;sicos &#40;CMBD&#41;&#46; Se ha utilizado la efectividad de la vacuna de Estados Unidos&#44; con una efectividad total del 71&#37; y parcial del 24&#37;&#44; representada por una varicela m&#225;s leve en individuos vacunados &#40;breakthrough&#41;&#46; Para determinar los costes&#44; se ha efectuado una consulta directa con diferentes fuentes&#46; S&#243;lo se tiene en cuenta los costes directos&#46; Se les aplica un factor de descuento del 3&#37;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La vacunaci&#243;n contra la varicela podr&#237;a evitar 27&#46;278 casos&#44; y evitar un caso costar&#237;a 131 euros al Sistema Nacional de Salud &#40;SNS&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#201;sta es una aproximaci&#243;n del coste de introducir la vacuna de la varicela en el calendario espa&#241;ol&#44; desde la perspectiva del pagador&#59; sin embargo&#44; para tomar la decisi&#243;n se deber&#237;a tener en cuenta factores hasta el momento desconocidos&#44; como el efecto de la vacuna en la incidencia del herpes zoster&#46; Con los datos disponibles hasta el momento actual&#44; la introducci&#243;n de la vacuna en la adolescencia parece la estrategia m&#225;s adecuada&#44; pero se necesita de m&#225;s estudios sobre el tema&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Varicella is a highly contagious disease&#46; In Spain&#44; in 1996&#44; 91&#37; of the population aged 13 years old had been infected&#46; The complications of varicella are more frequent in adults&#46; Herpes zoster infection can be reactivated after the initial infection in 15&#37;&#46; A vaccine against varicella has recently been authorized in Spain for use in individuals aged more than 13 years old with negative serology&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the cost-effectiveness of vaccination of the cohort aged 13 years old in 2001 and to perform a sensitivity analysis of the parameters that are affected&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and method</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tree decision&#58; Decision Analysis by Tree-Age program&#46; Probabilities and costs were calculated using Microsoft Excel&#46; Population size was obtained from the 2001 Census of the National Institute of Statistics to which we applied the percentage of susceptibility from the seroepidemiological study in Spain&#46; Probabilities were calculated by the Bayes Theorem&#44; using the incidence rates by age of a country in the northern hemisphere&#46; Hospital-related data were obtained from the minimum data set&#46; We used the effectiveness of the vaccine licensed in the USA&#44; with a total effectiveness of 71&#37; and a partial effectiveness of 24&#37;&#44; represented by milder varicella in vaccinated individuals &#40;breakthrough varicella&#41;&#46; Only direct costs were considered&#46; Costs were obtained by direct consultation of different sources&#46; A discount rate of 3&#37; was used&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Varicella vaccination could prevent 27&#44;278 cases of the disease&#46; Prevention of one case would cost the public health system 131 euros&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study constitutes an approach to the cost of introducing varicella vaccination in the Spanish vaccination schedule&#44; from the payer&#39;s perspective&#46; However&#44; to take a decision&#44; some unknown factors&#44; such as the effect of vaccination on the incidence of herpes zoster&#44; should be assessed&#46; With currently available data&#44; the introduction of vaccination in adolescence would seem to be the best strategy&#44; but further studies are needed&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 18. Núm. 4.
Páginas 287-294 (julio - agosto 2004)
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Vol. 18. Núm. 4.
Páginas 287-294 (julio - agosto 2004)
Open Access
Coste-efectividad de la vacunación contra la varicela en adolescentes en España
Cost-effectiveness of varicella vaccination in Spanish adolescents
Visitas
6282
Isabel Peña-Reya,
Autor para correspondencia
sabela@isciii.es

Correspondencia: Isabel Peña-Rey Lorenzo. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, 6. Pabellón 12. 28029 Madrid. España.
, Napoleón Pérez-Farinósa, Marta Cortés-Garcíaa,b, Carmen Amela-Herasa
a Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid
b Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Introducción

La varicela es una enfermedad muy contagiosa. En España, en 1996, el 91% de la población de 13 años la había padecido. Las complicaciones son más frecuentes en adultos. El herpes zoster puede reactivarse tras la primoinfección en un 15% de los casos. Se ha autorizado en España una vacuna en mayores de 13 años con serología negativa. Objetivo: Conocer la relación coste-efectividad de vacunar a los individuos susceptibles de la cohorte de 13 años en el año 2001 y realizar una análisis de la sensibilidad de parámetros que lo condicionan.

Material y método

Árbol de decisión: programa Decission Analysis by Tree-Age. Las probabilidades y costes se calcularon con Microsof Excel. Para determinar la población se aplicó el porcentaje de susceptibilidad del estudio seroepidemiológico en España al Censo del Instituto Nacional de Estadística de 2001. Las probabilidades se calcularon con el teorema de Bayes aplicando la tasa de incidencia por edad de un país del hemisferio norte. Los datos hospitalarios se obtuvieron del conjunto mínimo de datos básicos (CMBD). Se ha utilizado la efectividad de la vacuna de Estados Unidos, con una efectividad total del 71% y parcial del 24%, representada por una varicela más leve en individuos vacunados (breakthrough). Para determinar los costes, se ha efectuado una consulta directa con diferentes fuentes. Sólo se tiene en cuenta los costes directos. Se les aplica un factor de descuento del 3%.

Resultados

La vacunación contra la varicela podría evitar 27.278 casos, y evitar un caso costaría 131 euros al Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS).

Discusión

Ésta es una aproximación del coste de introducir la vacuna de la varicela en el calendario español, desde la perspectiva del pagador; sin embargo, para tomar la decisión se debería tener en cuenta factores hasta el momento desconocidos, como el efecto de la vacuna en la incidencia del herpes zoster. Con los datos disponibles hasta el momento actual, la introducción de la vacuna en la adolescencia parece la estrategia más adecuada, pero se necesita de más estudios sobre el tema.

Palabras clave:
Varicela
Vacunación
Coste-efectividad
Adolescencia
Abstract
Introduction

Varicella is a highly contagious disease. In Spain, in 1996, 91% of the population aged 13 years old had been infected. The complications of varicella are more frequent in adults. Herpes zoster infection can be reactivated after the initial infection in 15%. A vaccine against varicella has recently been authorized in Spain for use in individuals aged more than 13 years old with negative serology.

Objective

To determine the cost-effectiveness of vaccination of the cohort aged 13 years old in 2001 and to perform a sensitivity analysis of the parameters that are affected.

Material and method

Tree decision: Decision Analysis by Tree-Age program. Probabilities and costs were calculated using Microsoft Excel. Population size was obtained from the 2001 Census of the National Institute of Statistics to which we applied the percentage of susceptibility from the seroepidemiological study in Spain. Probabilities were calculated by the Bayes Theorem, using the incidence rates by age of a country in the northern hemisphere. Hospital-related data were obtained from the minimum data set. We used the effectiveness of the vaccine licensed in the USA, with a total effectiveness of 71% and a partial effectiveness of 24%, represented by milder varicella in vaccinated individuals (breakthrough varicella). Only direct costs were considered. Costs were obtained by direct consultation of different sources. A discount rate of 3% was used.

Results

Varicella vaccination could prevent 27,278 cases of the disease. Prevention of one case would cost the public health system 131 euros.

Discussion

This study constitutes an approach to the cost of introducing varicella vaccination in the Spanish vaccination schedule, from the payer's perspective. However, to take a decision, some unknown factors, such as the effect of vaccination on the incidence of herpes zoster, should be assessed. With currently available data, the introduction of vaccination in adolescence would seem to be the best strategy, but further studies are needed.

Key words:
Varicella
Vaccination
Cost effectiveness
Adolescence
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