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Vol. 13. Núm. 4.
Páginas 292-302 (julio - agosto 1999)
Open Access
Comorbilidad crónica y homogeneidad de los grupos de diagnósticos relacionados
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J. Librero1,2, S. Peiró1,2,
Autor para correspondencia
vpeiro@san.gva.es

Institut Valencià d'Estudis en Salud Pública. Salvador Peiró. Juan de Garay, 21. 46017 Valencia.
, R. Ordiñana2
1 Institut Valencià d'Estudis en Salud Pública (IVESP)
2 Instituto de Investigación en Servicios de Salud (IISS)
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Objetivo

Los Grupos de Diagnósticos Relacionados (GDR) se utilizan para comparar la eficiencia de hospitales y servicios, esperándose que los pacientes incluidos en un mismo GDR se comporten de forma homogénea respecto a la duración de la estancia. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar, en el entorno del Sistema Nacional de Salud, la variabilidad interna de determinados GDR, en función de la comorbilidad de los pacientes.

Método

Se analizó, en función de diferentes puntuaciones de comorbilidad medida por el índice de Charlson (ICh), la duración de la estancia, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y reingresos urgentes a los 30 y 365 días, en 106.673 episodios de hospitalización (excluidos menores de 17 años, obstetricia y psiquiatría) provenientes de 12 hospitales, así como en 17 GDR seleccionados por su mayor frecuencia y comorbilidad.

Resultados

En el análisis agregado, la duración de la estancia (desde 8,5 días en los pacientes sin comorbilidad, a 17,0 días en los pacientes con puntuación superior a 4) y el porcentaje de mortalidad intrahospitalaria (desde el 3,7% en los pacientes sin comorbilidad, al 17,6% en los pacientes con mayor puntuación) aumentaron significativamente con cada nivel del índice de Charlson.

La proporción de reingresos a los 30 días aumentó desde 4,7 al 10,9%, según puntuación de comorbilidad. Los ingresos al año aumentaron desde el 14,8% en los pacientes con puntuación 0, al 35,2% en los pacientes con puntuación 3-4, para disminuir hasta el 27,9% en los pacientes con puntuación superior a 4. En el análisis por GRD, 8 de los 17 grupos analizados mostraron una significativa mayor duración de la estancia al aumentar de comorbilidad. Algunos GDR también mostraron variabilidad intra-grupo respecto a la mortalidad y el reingreso, especialmente a los 365 días.

Conclusiones

Algunos GDR muestran una variabilidad interna significativa en función de la comorbilidad, que podría estar produciendo una falsa peor valoración de la eficiencia de los hospitales que tratan pacientes con mayor comorbilidad.

Palabras clave:
Grupos de Diagnósticos Relacionados
Comorbilidad
Índice de Charlson
Duración de la estancia
Mortalidad intrahospitalaria
Reingreso hospitalario
Summary
Objetive

One of the ways to compare the efficiency of different hospitals and services is to evaluate Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs), with the hypothesis that patients in the same RDG will present homogeneous behavior with respect to length of stay. The object of this study was to evaluate in the context os the National Health System the internal variability of specific DRGs in terms of the patients' comorbidity.

Methods

On the basis of various comorbidity scores measured with the Charlson index (ChI), we analyzed length of stay, inhospital mortality and emergency readmissions at 30 and 365 days in 106.673 hospitalizations (excluding subjects younger than 17 years of age, and obstetrics and psychiatric patients) in 12 hospitals, and in 17 DRGs selected on the basis of their greater frequency and comorbidity.

Results

In the aggregated analysis, length of stay (from 8.5 days in patients with no comorbidity to 17.0 days in patients with scores higher than 4) and inhospital mortality rates (from 3.7% in patients with no comorbidity to 17.6% in patients with highest score) increased significantly with each level of the Charlson index. The readmission rate at 30 days rose from 4.7% to 10.9% also in step with increases in comorbidity scores. Readmissions at one year varied from 14.8% in patients with scores of 0 to 35.2% in patients with scores of 3-4, and dropped to 27.9% in patients with scores higher than 4. When analysing different DRGs, 8 of the 17 groups studied showed a significantly higher length of stay with increased comorbidity scores. Some DRGs also showed intra-group variability with respect to mortality and readmission, particularly at 365 days.

Conclusions

Some DRGs show significant internal variability in terms of comorbidity that may be generating a false worse evaluation of the efficiency of hospitals that treat patients with higher comorbidity.

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