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Vol. 19. Núm. 5.
Páginas 370-378 (septiembre - octubre 2005)
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Vol. 19. Núm. 5.
Páginas 370-378 (septiembre - octubre 2005)
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Open Access
Clustering of behavioural risk factors and their association with subjective health
Agregación de factores de riesgo ligados al comportamiento y su relación con la salud subjetiva
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Iñaki Galána,
Autor para correspondencia
inaki.galan@saludmadrid.org

Correspondence: Iñaki Galán. Servicio de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad y Consumo de la Comunidad de Madrid. Julián Camarillo, 4 B. 28037 Madrid. España.
, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejob, Aurelio Tobíasa, Lucía Díez-Gañána,b, Ana Gandarillasa, Belén Zorrillaa
a Servicio de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Pública. Consejería de Sanidad y Consumo de la Comunidad de Madrid. Madrid. España
b Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. España
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Abstract
Objectives

To describe the clustering of behavioural risk factors in the adult population of the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain), and to evaluate the association between the level of aggregation of such factors and suboptimal subjective health.

Methods

Data were drawn from the Non-communicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo asociados a Enfermedades No Transmisibles - SIVFRENT). We studied the relationships between tobacco use, high-risk alcohol consumption, leisure-time inactivity and unbalanced diet in 16,043 people aged 18-64, comparing observed against expected proportions. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between aggregation of risk factors and suboptimal health (fair, poor and very poor health).

Results

Almost 20% of subjects had 3 or 4 risk factors. Most combinations of three risk factors exceeded expectations and, in particular, 4-factor clustering yielded observed/expected quotients of 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93-2.38) in men and 2.96 (95% CI, 2.46-3.46) in women. In both sexes, smoking was the individual factor most frequently associated with the remaining risk factors. Aggregation of risk factors was more frequent among men, in younger age groups and among subjects with low educational level. Compared to people with none of the 4 risk factors, those with 3 or four reported suboptimal subjective health more frequently (OR=2.49; 95% CI, 1.59- 3.90 for men and OR=1.96; 95% CI, 1.29-2.97 for women).

Conclusions

Behavioural risk factors tend to aggregate, and this clustering is higher among men, in younger age groups and among subjects with a low educational level. A greater level of clustering is associated with a higher frequency of suboptimal self-rated health.

Keywords:
Behavioural risk factors
Clustering
Subjective health
Resumen
Objetivos

Describir la agregación de factores de riesgo relacionados con el comportamiento en la población adulta de la Comunidad de Madrid y evaluar la asociación del grado de agregación de dichos factores con la salud subjetiva subóptima.

Métodos

Los datos proceden del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo asociados a Enfermedades No Transmisibles (SIVFRENT). Las relaciones entre el consumo de tabaco, el consumo de alcohol de riesgo, el sedentarismo en tiempo libre y la dieta desequilibrada fueron estudiadas en 16.043 personas de 18 a 64 años, y se compararon las proporciones observadas respecto a las esperadas. Mediante un análisis de regresión logística se estimó la asociación entre la agregación de factores de riesgo y la salud percibida subóptima (regular, mala y muy mala).

Resultados

Cerca del 20% de los sujetos presentan 3 o 4 factores de riesgo simultáneamente. La mayoría de combinaciones de 3 factores de riesgo son superiores a las esperadas, destacando la agregación de los 4 factores con un cociente observado/esperado de 2,15 (IC del 95%, 1,93-2,38) en varones y de 2,96 (IC del 95%, 2,46-3,46) en mujeres. En ambos sexos, el factor individual que más se asocia al resto de factores de riesgo es el tabaco. La agregación de factores de riesgo es más frecuente en varones, en edades jóvenes y en el nivel educativo bajo. En comparación con los que carecen de los 4 factores de riesgo, los que presentan simultáneamente 3 o 4 de ellos tienen con mayor frecuencia una salud percibida subóptima (OR=2,49; IC del 95%, 1,59-3,90 en varones y OR=1,96; IC del 95%, 1,29-2,97 en mujeres).

Conclusiones

Los factores de riesgo ligados al comportamiento se agregan, y esta acumulación es superior en varones, en personas jóvenes y con bajo nivel de estudios. Un mayor grado de agregación se asocia a mayor frecuencia de salud percibida subóptima.

Palabras clave:
Factores de riesgo asociados al comportamiento
Agregaciones
Salud percibida
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