array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0213911105713923"
  "issn" => "02139111"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(05)71392-3"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-11-01"
  "aid" => "71392"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2005"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2005;19:424-32"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3665
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 117
      "HTML" => 3052
      "PDF" => 496
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911105713935"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(05)71393-5"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-11-01"
    "aid" => "71393"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2005;19:433-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2888
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 137
        "HTML" => 2231
        "PDF" => 520
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Originales</span>"
      "titulo" => "Comparison between telephone and self-administration of Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire &#40;SF-36&#41;"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "433"
          "paginaFinal" => "439"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Estudio comparativo entre la encuesta telef&#243;nica y la autoaplicada del cuestionario de salud SF-36"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Mar&#237;a Garc&#237;a, Izabella Rohlfs, Joan Vila, Joan Sala, Araceli Pena, Rafael Masi&#225;, Jaume Marrugat"
          "autores" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Izabella"
              "apellidos" => "Rohlfs"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Joan"
              "apellidos" => "Vila"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Joan"
              "apellidos" => "Sala"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Araceli"
              "apellidos" => "Pena"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rafael"
              "apellidos" => "Masi&#225;"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jaume"
              "apellidos" => "Marrugat"
            ]
            7 => array:1 [
              "colaborador" => "the REGICOR Investigators"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911105713935?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001900000006/v2_201302051753/S0213911105713935/v2_201302051753/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0213911105713911"
    "issn" => "02139111"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0213-9111(05)71391-1"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-11-01"
    "aid" => "71391"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Salud P&#250;blica y Administraci&#243;n Sanitaria"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "edi"
    "cita" => "Gac Sanit. 2005;19:421-3"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3099
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 119
        "HTML" => 2360
        "PDF" => 620
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "El sedentarismo&#44; las personas y su contexto"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "421"
          "paginaFinal" => "423"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Lack of exercise&#44; persons&#44; and their context"
        ]
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Beatriz Gonz&#225;lez"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Beatriz"
              "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911105713911?idApp=WGSE"
    "url" => "/02139111/0000001900000006/v2_201302051753/S0213911105713911/v2_201302051753/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Originales</span>"
    "titulo" => "Bienestar material de la provincia de residencia e inactividad f&#237;sica"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "424"
        "paginaFinal" => "432"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Cruz Pascual, Enrique Regidor, Juan L&#46; Guti&#233;rrez-Fisac, David Mart&#237;nez, Mar&#237;a E&#46; Calle, Vicente Dom&#237;nguez"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Cruz"
            "apellidos" => "Pascual"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Enrique"
            "apellidos" => "Regidor"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "enriqueregidor&#64;hotmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Juan L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Guti&#233;rrez-Fisac"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "David"
            "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Calle"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Vicente"
            "apellidos" => "Dom&#237;nguez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud P&#250;blica&#46; Facultad de Medicina&#46; Universidad Complutense de Madrid&#46; Madrid&#46; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff1"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud P&#250;blica&#46; Facultad de Medicina&#46; Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Madrid&#46; Madrid&#46; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff2"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia&#58; Enrique Regidor&#46; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud P&#250;blica&#46; Facultad de Medicina&#46; Universidad Complutense de Madrid&#46; Ciudad Universitaria&#46; 28040 Madrid&#46; Espa&#241;a&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Material well-being of the province of residence and leisure-time physical inactivity"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2005-01-18"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2005-06-14"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec16868"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Renta per c&#225;pita"
            1 => "Bienestar material"
            2 => "Inactividad f&#237;sica en el tiempo libre"
            3 => "An&#225;lisis multinivel"
            4 => "Espa&#241;a"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec16869"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Per capita income"
            1 => "Material wellbeing"
            2 => "Leisuretime physical inactivity"
            3 => "Multilevel analysis"
            4 => "Spain"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estimar la asociaci&#243;n entre el bienestar material de la provincia de residencia y la inactividad f&#237;sica durante el tiempo libre en la poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola mayor de 15 a&#241;os&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los datos proceden de la encuesta de Discapacidades&#44; Deficiencias y Estado de Salud&#44; realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estad&#237;stica en 1999&#46; Se analizaron los datos de 24&#46;561 mujeres y 21&#46;133 varones&#46; Se consider&#243; un sujeto inactivo cuando declaraba no realizar ning&#250;n tipo de actividad f&#237;sica durante el tiempo libre&#46; La medida de bienestar material fue la renta per c&#225;pita de la provincia agrupada en cuartiles&#46; La medida de asociaci&#243;n entre la renta per c&#225;pita y la inactividad f&#237;sica fue la odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; estimada mediante modelos logit multinivel&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los individuos &#8805; 45 a&#241;os de edad se encontr&#243; una asociaci&#243;n entre la renta per c&#225;pita y la inactividad f&#237;sica&#46; Las provincias con mayor renta per c&#225;pita presentaron la menor prevalencia de inactividad f&#237;sica&#46; No obstante&#44; la OR de mayor magnitud se encontr&#243; en el cuartil 2 de renta per c&#225;pita&#44; no observ&#225;ndose diferencias stad&#237;sticamente significativas entre el cuartil m&#225;s rico y el cuartil m&#225;s pobre&#46; Al ajustar por caracter&#237;sticas socioecon&#243;micas y otras variables individuales&#44; esa asociaci&#243;n persisti&#243; en las mujeres y desapareci&#243; en los varones&#46; En las mujeres la asociaci&#243;n fue mayor en el grupo de ingresos personales m&#225;s bajos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados sugieren que en las mujeres mayores de 45 a&#241;os la inactividad f&#237;sica podr&#237;a estar relacionada no s&#243;lo con las caracter&#237;sticas individuales&#44; sino tambi&#233;n con el contexto socioecon&#243;mico del &#225;rea de residencia&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To estimate the association between material wellbeing of the province of residence and leisure-time physical inactivity in the Spanish population aged 16 years and older&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We used data from the Survey on Disabilities&#44; Impairments and Health Status carried out by the Statistical National Institute in 1999&#46; We analyse 24&#44;561 women and 21&#44;133 men&#46; Respondents were classified as inactive if they reported no leisure-time physical activity&#46; The measure of material wellbeing was the per capita income of the province of residence grouped in quartiles&#46; The measure of the association between per capita income and physical inactivity was the odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; estimated from logit multilevel models&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Association between per capita income and physical inactivity was observed in people aged 45 years and older&#46; The lower prevalence of physical inactivity was observed in provinces with the higher per capita income&#46; However the higher OR was found in quartile 2 of per capita income&#44; because no significant difference was observed between quartile 4 &#40;richest&#41; and quartile 1 &#40;poorest&#41;&#46; After adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and other individual variables&#44; association remained significant in women and disappeared in men&#46; In women&#44; association between per capita income and physical inactivity was higher in the population group with lower personal income&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results suggest that physical inactivity in women aged 45 years and older could be related not only with individual characteristics but with the socioeconomic context of the area of residence&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:36 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Physical activity and public health&#58; A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;R&#46; Pate"
                            1 => "M&#46; Pratt"
                            2 => "S&#46;N&#46; Blair"
                            3 => "W&#46;L&#46; Haskell"
                            4 => "C&#46;A&#46; Macera"
                            5 => "C&#46; Bouchard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "273"
                        "paginaInicial" => "402"
                        "paginaFinal" => "407"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7823386"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Workrelated physical activity is not associated with Body Mass Index and obesity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Guti&#233;rrez-Fisac"
                            1 => "P&#46; Guallar-Castill&#243;n"
                            2 => "L&#46; D&#237;ez-a&#241;&#225;n"
                            3 => "E&#46; L&#243;pez Garc&#237;a"
                            4 => "J&#46;R&#46; Banegas Banegas"
                            5 => "F&#46; Rodr&#237;guez Artalejo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/oby.2002.37"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Obes Res"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "270"
                        "paginaFinal" => "276"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11943836"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intensity and amount of physical activity in relation to insulin sensitivity&#46; The insulin resistance atherosclerosis study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46;J&#46; Mayer-Davis"
                            1 => "R&#46; D&#8217;Agostino"
                            2 => "A&#46;J&#46; Karter"
                            3 => "S&#46;M&#46; Haffner"
                            4 => "M&#46;J&#46; Rewers"
                            5 => "M&#46; Saad"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "279"
                        "paginaInicial" => "669"
                        "paginaFinal" => "674"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9496984"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Beneficios de la actividad f&#237;sica y riesgos del sedentarismo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Varo Cenarruzabeitia"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Hern&#225;ndez"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Gonz&#225;lez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clinic &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "121"
                        "paginaInicial" => "665"
                        "paginaFinal" => "672"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The association of changes in physical activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;S&#46; Paffenbarger"
                            1 => "R&#46;T&#46; Hyde"
                            2 => "A&#46;L&#46; Wing"
                            3 => "I&#46;M&#46; Lee"
                            4 => "D&#46;L&#46; Jung"
                            5 => "J&#46;B&#46; Kampert"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199302253280804"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "328"
                        "paginaInicial" => "538"
                        "paginaFinal" => "545"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8426621"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Changes in physical fitness and changes in mortality"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Erikssen"
                            1 => "K&#46; Liestol"
                            2 => "J&#46; Bjornmholt"
                            3 => "E&#46; Thaulow"
                            4 => "L&#46; Sandvik"
                            5 => "J&#46; Erikssen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02268-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "352"
                        "paginaInicial" => "759"
                        "paginaFinal" => "762"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9737279"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "elationship of leisure-time physical activity and mortality"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "U&#46;M&#46; Kujala"
                            1 => "J&#46; Kaprio"
                            2 => "S&#46; Sarna"
                            3 => "M&#46; Koskenvuo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "279"
                        "paginaInicial" => "440"
                        "paginaFinal" => "444"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9466636"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The determinants of physical activity and exercise"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;K&#46; Dishman"
                            1 => "J&#46;F&#46; Sallis"
                            2 => "D&#46;R&#46; Orenstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Public Health Rep"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "316"
                        "paginaFinal" => "333"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Indicadores de alud"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Regidor"
                            1 => "J&#46;L&#46; Guti&#233;rrez-Fisac"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Cuarta evaluaci&#243;n en Espa&#241;a del Programa regional Europeo de Salud para todos"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "editorial" => "Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Actividad f&#237;sica deportiva en una muestra representativa de la poblaci&#243;n de la Regi&#243;n de Murcia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;T&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Ros"
                            1 => "M&#46;J&#46; Tormo"
                            2 => "D&#46; P&#233;rez-Flores"
                            3 => "C&#46; Navarro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "19"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12605741"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship of leisure-time physical activity and occupational activity to the prevalence of obesity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;A&#46; Kint"
                            1 => "E&#46;C&#46; Fitzhugh"
                            2 => "D&#46;R&#46; Bassett"
                            3 => "J&#46;E&#46; McLaughlin"
                            4 => "S&#46;J&#46; Strath"
                            5 => "S&#46;J&#46; Swartz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Inter J Obes"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "606"
                        "paginaFinal" => "612"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Strategic iniciatives to promote participation in physical activity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Owen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Promot Int"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "213"
                        "paginaFinal" => "218"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Actitudes y pr&#225;cticas en actividad f&#237;sica&#58; situaci&#243;n en Espa&#241;a respecto al conjunto europeo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Varo Cenarruzabeitia"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; Gonz&#225;lez"
                            3 => "A&#46; S&#225;nchez-Villegas"
                            4 => "J&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez Hern&#225;ndez"
                            5 => "J&#46; Irala Est&#233;vez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "77"
                        "paginaFinal" => "86"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12609103"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Differential correlates of physical activity in urban and rural adults of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;E&#46; Parks"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Housemann"
                            2 => "R&#46;C&#46; Brownson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J EpidemiolCommunity Health"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "35"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Distribution and determinants of sedentary lifestyles in the European Union"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Varo"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Gonz&#225;lez"
                            2 => "J&#46; De Irala-Est&#233;vez"
                            3 => "J&#46; Kearney"
                            4 => "M&#46; Gibney"
                            5 => "J&#46;A&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "138"
                        "paginaFinal" => "146"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690026"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Monitoring socio-economic inequalities in health in the European Union&#58; guides and illustrations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "The Working Group on inequalities in health"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;E&#46; Kunst"
                            1 => "V&#46; Bos"
                            2 => "J&#46;P&#46; Mackenbach"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "editorial" => "Erasmus University"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Rotterdam"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Instituto Nacional de Estad&#237;stica &#40;INE&#41; &#91;citado 10 Ene 2005&#93;&#46; Disponible en <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/um">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ine&#46;es&#47;inebase&#47;cgi&#47;um</a>"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Utilizaci&#243;n de los modelos multinivel en investigaci&#243;n sanitaria"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Catal&#225;n-Reyes"
                            1 => "M&#46;P&#46; Galindo-Villardon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "numero" => "Supl 3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "35"
                        "paginaFinal" => "52"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14980185"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Multilevel analysis in public health"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Diez Roux"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rev Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "193"
                        "paginaFinal" => "221"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;V&#46; Diez Roux"
                            1 => "S&#46;S&#46; Merkin"
                            2 => "D&#46; Arnett"
                            3 => "L&#46; Chambless"
                            4 => "M&#46; Massing"
                            5 => "F&#46;J&#46; Nieto"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM200107123450205"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "345"
                        "paginaInicial" => "99"
                        "paginaFinal" => "106"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11450679"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Self reported physical activity&#44; public health&#44; and perceived environment&#58; results from a comparative European study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Rutten"
                            1 => "T&#46; Abel"
                            2 => "L&#46; Kannas"
                            3 => "T&#46; Lengerke"
                            4 => "G&#46; L&#252;schen"
                            5 => "J&#46;A&#46; Rodr&#237;guez D&#237;az"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "139"
                        "paginaFinal" => "146"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11154254"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Multilevel analyses of neighborhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes&#58; a critical review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46;E&#46; Pickett"
                            1 => "M&#46; Pearl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "111"
                        "paginaFinal" => "122"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11154250"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Area characteristics&#44; individual-level socioeconomic indicators&#44; and smoking in young adults&#46; The Coronary Artery Disease Risk Development in Young Adults Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46;V&#46; Diez Roux"
                            1 => "S&#46; Stein Merkin"
                            2 => "P&#46; Hannan"
                            3 => "D&#46;R&#46; Jacobs"
                            4 => "C&#46;I&#46; Kiefe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "157"
                        "paginaInicial" => "315"
                        "paginaFinal" => "326"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12578802"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of the characteristics of neighborhoods and the characteristics of people on cause specific mortality&#58; a registre based follow up study of 252000 men"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Martikainen"
                            1 => "T&#46;M&#46; Kauppinen"
                            2 => "T&#46; Valkonen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "210"
                        "paginaFinal" => "217"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594198"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Residential area deprivation predicts fruit and vegetable consumption independently of individual educational level and occupational social class&#58; a cross sectional population study in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigations into Cancer &#40;EPIC-Norfolk&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Shohaimi"
                            1 => "A&#46; Welch"
                            2 => "S&#46; Bingham"
                            3 => "R&#46; Luben"
                            4 => "N&#46; Day"
                            5 => "N&#46; Wareman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/jech.2003.008490"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "686"
                        "paginaFinal" => "691"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15252072"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Geographical influences upon physical activity participation&#58; Evidence of a &#171;coastal effect&#187;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Bauman"
                            1 => "B&#46; Smith"
                            2 => "L&#46; Stoker"
                            3 => "B&#46; Bellew"
                            4 => "M&#46; Booth"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aust NZJ Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "322"
                        "paginaFinal" => "324"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Place effects on health&#58; how can we conceptualise&#44; operationalise and measure them&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Macintyre"
                            1 => "A&#46; Ellaway"
                            2 => "S&#46; Cummins"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Soc Sci Med"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "125"
                        "paginaFinal" => "139"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12137182"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity&#44; obesity&#44; and morbidity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Ewing"
                            1 => "T&#46; Schmid"
                            2 => "R&#46; Killingsworth"
                            3 => "A&#46; Zlot"
                            4 => "S&#46; Raudenbush"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Health Promotion"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "47"
                        "paginaFinal" => "57"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13677962"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Challenges of evaluating environmental interventions to increase population levels of physical activity&#58; the case of the UK National Cycle Network"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;A&#46; Lawlor"
                            1 => "A&#46;R&#46; Ness"
                            2 => "A&#46;M&#46; Cope"
                            3 => "A&#46; Davis"
                            4 => "P&#46; Insall"
                            5 => "C&#46; Riddoch"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Community Health"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "paginaInicial" => "96"
                        "paginaFinal" => "101"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12540683"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Environmental determinants of physical activity and sedentary behavior"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Owen"
                            1 => "E&#46; Leslie"
                            2 => "J&#46; Salmon"
                            3 => "M&#46;J&#46; Fotheringham"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Exerc Sport Sci Rev"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "153"
                        "paginaFinal" => "158"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11064848"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neighborhood safety and the prevalence of physical inactivity-selected states"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "MMWR"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "146"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular risk factors and the neighborhood environment&#58; a multilevel analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Sundquist"
                            1 => "M&#46; Malmstr&#246;m"
                            2 => "S&#46;E&#46; Johansson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "841"
                        "paginaFinal" => "845"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10597980"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A multilevel analysis of income inequality and cardiovascular disease risk factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;V&#46; Diez-Roux"
                            1 => "B&#46;G&#46; Link"
                            2 => "M&#46;E&#46; Northridge"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Soc Sci Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "673"
                        "paginaFinal" => "687"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10658848"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Poverty area residence and changes in physical activity level&#58; evidence from the Alameda County Study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "I&#46;H&#46; Yen"
                            1 => "G&#46;A&#46; Kaplan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1709"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1712"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9807543"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib35"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Regional&#44; demographic and national influences on attitudes and beliefs with regard to physical activity&#44; body weight and health in a nationally representative sample in the European Union"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Kafatos"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Manios"
                            2 => "I&#46; Markatji"
                            3 => "I&#46; Giachetti"
                            4 => "M&#46;D&#46; Vaz de Almeida"
                            5 => "L&#46;M&#46; Engstrom"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Public Health Nutr"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "87"
                        "paginaFinal" => "95"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10933628"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib36"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incremento de la diferencia en la supervivencia seg&#250;n la renta per c&#225;pita en Espa&#241;a en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os del siglo XX"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Regidor"
                            1 => "C&#46; Pascual"
                            2 => "E&#46; Calle M"
                            3 => "D&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                            4 => "V&#46; Dom&#237;nguez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "404"
                        "paginaFinal" => "408"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14599423"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/02139111/0000001900000006/v2_201302051753/S0213911105713923/v2_201302051753/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "764"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02139111/0000001900000006/v2_201302051753/S0213911105713923/v2_201302051753/es/main.pdf?idApp=WGSE&text.app=https://gacetasanitaria.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213911105713923?idApp=WGSE"
]
Compartir
Publique en esta revista
Información de la revista
Vol. 19. Núm. 6.
Páginas 424-432 (noviembre - diciembre 2005)
Respuestas rápidas
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 19. Núm. 6.
Páginas 424-432 (noviembre - diciembre 2005)
Originales
Open Access
Bienestar material de la provincia de residencia e inactividad física
Material well-being of the province of residence and leisure-time physical inactivity
Visitas
908
Cruz Pascuala, Enrique Regidora,
Autor para correspondencia
enriqueregidor@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Enrique Regidor. Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria. 28040 Madrid. España.
, Juan L. Gutiérrez-Fisacb, David Martíneza, María E. Callea, Vicente Domíngueza
a Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España
b Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Estimar la asociación entre el bienestar material de la provincia de residencia y la inactividad física durante el tiempo libre en la población española mayor de 15 años.

Métodos

Los datos proceden de la encuesta de Discapacidades, Deficiencias y Estado de Salud, realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística en 1999. Se analizaron los datos de 24.561 mujeres y 21.133 varones. Se consideró un sujeto inactivo cuando declaraba no realizar ningún tipo de actividad física durante el tiempo libre. La medida de bienestar material fue la renta per cápita de la provincia agrupada en cuartiles. La medida de asociación entre la renta per cápita y la inactividad física fue la odds ratio (OR) estimada mediante modelos logit multinivel.

Resultados

En los individuos ≥ 45 años de edad se encontró una asociación entre la renta per cápita y la inactividad física. Las provincias con mayor renta per cápita presentaron la menor prevalencia de inactividad física. No obstante, la OR de mayor magnitud se encontró en el cuartil 2 de renta per cápita, no observándose diferencias stadísticamente significativas entre el cuartil más rico y el cuartil más pobre. Al ajustar por características socioeconómicas y otras variables individuales, esa asociación persistió en las mujeres y desapareció en los varones. En las mujeres la asociación fue mayor en el grupo de ingresos personales más bajos.

Conclusiones

Los resultados sugieren que en las mujeres mayores de 45 años la inactividad física podría estar relacionada no sólo con las características individuales, sino también con el contexto socioeconómico del área de residencia.

Palabras clave:
Renta per cápita
Bienestar material
Inactividad física en el tiempo libre
Análisis multinivel
España
Abstract
Objective

To estimate the association between material wellbeing of the province of residence and leisure-time physical inactivity in the Spanish population aged 16 years and older.

Methods

We used data from the Survey on Disabilities, Impairments and Health Status carried out by the Statistical National Institute in 1999. We analyse 24,561 women and 21,133 men. Respondents were classified as inactive if they reported no leisure-time physical activity. The measure of material wellbeing was the per capita income of the province of residence grouped in quartiles. The measure of the association between per capita income and physical inactivity was the odds ratio (OR) estimated from logit multilevel models.

Results

Association between per capita income and physical inactivity was observed in people aged 45 years and older. The lower prevalence of physical inactivity was observed in provinces with the higher per capita income. However the higher OR was found in quartile 2 of per capita income, because no significant difference was observed between quartile 4 (richest) and quartile 1 (poorest). After adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and other individual variables, association remained significant in women and disappeared in men. In women, association between per capita income and physical inactivity was higher in the population group with lower personal income.

Conclusions

Results suggest that physical inactivity in women aged 45 years and older could be related not only with individual characteristics but with the socioeconomic context of the area of residence.

Key words:
Per capita income
Material wellbeing
Leisuretime physical inactivity
Multilevel analysis
Spain
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
R.R. Pate, M. Pratt, S.N. Blair, W.L. Haskell, C.A. Macera, C. Bouchard, et al.
Physical activity and public health: A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine.
JAMA, 273 (1995), pp. 402-407
[2.]
J.L. Gutiérrez-Fisac, P. Guallar-Castillón, L. Díez-añán, E. López García, J.R. Banegas Banegas, F. Rodríguez Artalejo.
Workrelated physical activity is not associated with Body Mass Index and obesity.
Obes Res, 10 (2002), pp. 270-276
[3.]
E.J. Mayer-Davis, R. D’Agostino, A.J. Karter, S.M. Haffner, M.J. Rewers, M. Saad, et al.
Intensity and amount of physical activity in relation to insulin sensitivity. The insulin resistance atherosclerosis study.
JAMA, 279 (1998), pp. 669-674
[4.]
J.J. Varo Cenarruzabeitia, J.A. Martínez-Hernández, M.A. Martínez-González.
Beneficios de la actividad física y riesgos del sedentarismo.
Med Clinic (Barc), 121 (2003), pp. 665-672
[5.]
R.S. Paffenbarger, R.T. Hyde, A.L. Wing, I.M. Lee, D.L. Jung, J.B. Kampert.
The association of changes in physical activity level and other lifestyle characteristics with mortality among men.
N Engl J Med, 328 (1993), pp. 538-545
[6.]
G. Erikssen, K. Liestol, J. Bjornmholt, E. Thaulow, L. Sandvik, J. Erikssen.
Changes in physical fitness and changes in mortality.
[7.]
U.M. Kujala, J. Kaprio, S. Sarna, M. Koskenvuo.
elationship of leisure-time physical activity and mortality.
JAMA, 279 (1998), pp. 440-444
[8.]
R.K. Dishman, J.F. Sallis, D.R. Orenstein.
The determinants of physical activity and exercise.
Public Health Rep, 15 (1985), pp. 316-333
[9.]
E. Regidor, J.L. Gutiérrez-Fisac.
Indicadores de alud.
Cuarta evaluación en España del Programa regional Europeo de Salud para todos, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, (1999),
[10.]
M.T. Martínez-Ros, M.J. Tormo, D. Pérez-Flores, C. Navarro.
Actividad física deportiva en una muestra representativa de la población de la Región de Murcia.
Gac Sanit, 17 (2003), pp. 11-19
[11.]
G.A. Kint, E.C. Fitzhugh, D.R. Bassett, J.E. McLaughlin, S.J. Strath, S.J. Swartz, et al.
Relationship of leisure-time physical activity and occupational activity to the prevalence of obesity.
Inter J Obes, 25 (2001), pp. 606-612
[12.]
N. Owen.
Strategic iniciatives to promote participation in physical activity.
Health Promot Int, 11 (1996), pp. 213-218
[13.]
J.J. Varo Cenarruzabeitia, J.A. Martínez, M.A. González, A. Sánchez-Villegas, J.A. Martínez Hernández, J. Irala Estévez, et al.
Actitudes y prácticas en actividad física: situación en España respecto al conjunto europeo.
Aten Primaria, 31 (2003), pp. 77-86
[14.]
S.E. Parks, R.A. Housemann, R.C. Brownson.
Differential correlates of physical activity in urban and rural adults of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States.
J EpidemiolCommunity Health, 57 (2003), pp. 29-35
[15.]
J.J. Varo, M.A. Martínez-González, J. De Irala-Estévez, J. Kearney, M. Gibney, J.A. Martínez.
Distribution and determinants of sedentary lifestyles in the European Union.
Int J Epidemiol, 32 (2003), pp. 138-146
[16.]
A.E. Kunst, V. Bos, J.P. Mackenbach, The Working Group on inequalities in health.
Monitoring socio-economic inequalities in health in the European Union: guides and illustrations.
Erasmus University, (2001),
[17.]
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) [citado 10 Ene 2005]. Disponible en http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/um
[18.]
M.J. Catalán-Reyes, M.P. Galindo-Villardon.
Utilización de los modelos multinivel en investigación sanitaria.
Gac Sanit, 17 (2003), pp. 35-52
[19.]
A. Diez Roux.
Multilevel analysis in public health.
Ann Rev Public Health, 21 (2000), pp. 193-221
[20.]
A.V. Diez Roux, S.S. Merkin, D. Arnett, L. Chambless, M. Massing, F.J. Nieto, et al.
Neighborhood of residence and incidence of coronary heart disease.
N Engl J Med, 345 (2001), pp. 99-106
[21.]
A. Rutten, T. Abel, L. Kannas, T. Lengerke, G. Lüschen, J.A. Rodríguez Díaz, et al.
Self reported physical activity, public health, and perceived environment: results from a comparative European study.
J Epidemiol Community Health, 55 (2001), pp. 139-146
[22.]
K.E. Pickett, M. Pearl.
Multilevel analyses of neighborhood socioeconomic context and health outcomes: a critical review.
J Epidemiol Community Health, 55 (2000), pp. 111-122
[23.]
A.V. Diez Roux, S. Stein Merkin, P. Hannan, D.R. Jacobs, C.I. Kiefe.
Area characteristics, individual-level socioeconomic indicators, and smoking in young adults. The Coronary Artery Disease Risk Development in Young Adults Study.
Am J Epidemiol, 157 (2003), pp. 315-326
[24.]
P. Martikainen, T.M. Kauppinen, T. Valkonen.
Effects of the characteristics of neighborhoods and the characteristics of people on cause specific mortality: a registre based follow up study of 252000 men.
J Epidemiol Community Health, 57 (2003), pp. 210-217
[25.]
S. Shohaimi, A. Welch, S. Bingham, R. Luben, N. Day, N. Wareman, et al.
Residential area deprivation predicts fruit and vegetable consumption independently of individual educational level and occupational social class: a cross sectional population study in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigations into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk).
J Epidemiol Community Health, 58 (2004), pp. 686-691
[26.]
A. Bauman, B. Smith, L. Stoker, B. Bellew, M. Booth.
Geographical influences upon physical activity participation: Evidence of a «coastal effect».
Aust NZJ Public Health, 23 (1999), pp. 322-324
[27.]
S. Macintyre, A. Ellaway, S. Cummins.
Place effects on health: how can we conceptualise, operationalise and measure them?.
Soc Sci Med, 55 (2002), pp. 125-139
[28.]
R. Ewing, T. Schmid, R. Killingsworth, A. Zlot, S. Raudenbush.
Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity.
Am J Health Promotion, 18 (2003), pp. 47-57
[29.]
D.A. Lawlor, A.R. Ness, A.M. Cope, A. Davis, P. Insall, C. Riddoch.
The Challenges of evaluating environmental interventions to increase population levels of physical activity: the case of the UK National Cycle Network.
J Epidemiol Community Health, 57 (2003), pp. 96-101
[30.]
N. Owen, E. Leslie, J. Salmon, M.J. Fotheringham.
Environmental determinants of physical activity and sedentary behavior.
Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 28 (2000), pp. 153-158
[31.]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Neighborhood safety and the prevalence of physical inactivity-selected states.
MMWR, 38 (1999), pp. 143-146
[32.]
J. Sundquist, M. Malmström, S.E. Johansson.
Cardiovascular risk factors and the neighborhood environment: a multilevel analysis.
Int J Epidemiol, 28 (1999), pp. 841-845
[33.]
A.V. Diez-Roux, B.G. Link, M.E. Northridge.
A multilevel analysis of income inequality and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Soc Sci Med, 50 (2000), pp. 673-687
[34.]
I.H. Yen, G.A. Kaplan.
Poverty area residence and changes in physical activity level: evidence from the Alameda County Study.
Am J Public Health, 88 (1998), pp. 1709-1712
[35.]
A. Kafatos, Y. Manios, I. Markatji, I. Giachetti, M.D. Vaz de Almeida, L.M. Engstrom.
Regional, demographic and national influences on attitudes and beliefs with regard to physical activity, body weight and health in a nationally representative sample in the European Union.
Public Health Nutr, 2 (1999), pp. 87-95
[36.]
E. Regidor, C. Pascual, E. Calle M, D. Martínez, V. Domínguez.
Incremento de la diferencia en la supervivencia según la renta per cápita en España en los últimos años del siglo XX.
Gac Sanit, 17 (2003), pp. 404-408
Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Descargar PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?