Información del artículo
Resumen
Las mordeduras de animales a personas suponen un importante problema de salud pública. Dentro de éstas, las más frecuentes son las producidas por perros. Un primer paso necesario en la prevención de este tipo de accidentes es conocer los factores de riesgo implicados.
El presente trabajo revisa la bibliografía más relevante en cuanto a la incidencia, los factores de riesgo y la prevención de las mordeduras de perros en personas. Así, según las características de las víctimas, se revisan determinados aspectos, como la edad, el sexo, la localización y la gravedad de las lesiones. En relación con los perros agresores, se describen las razas implicadas y el historial previo del animal. Igualmente, se describen los contextos en que se producen las mordeduras, en relación con la fecha, el número de perros, los lugares más frecuentes, la relación e interacción víctima-perro y la participación de las distintas categorías de agresividad del etograma canino.
En el último apartado se recogen las recomendaciones más habituales halladas en la bibliografía para prevenir y reducir la incidencia de mordeduras sobre la población general.
Palabras clave:
Perro
Mordedura de perro
Rabia
Agresividad
Estudios epidemiológicos
Factores de riesgo
Salud pública
Comportamiento animal
Abstract
Animal bites in humans are an important public health problem. Most of these bites are dog bites. The first step in preventing this kind of accident is to identify the associated risk factors.
The present article reviews the most important published articles on the incidence of dog bites, their risk factors, and preventive measures. Concerning victim profiles, features such as age, sex, location, and the severity of the wounds are reviewed. Regarding dogs, the most frequent breeds involved and the dog’s previous history of aggression are described. In addition, the different contexts in which bites occur are reported. Thus, factors such as dates, number of dogs, places, victim-dog relationship and interaction, and the distinct involved categories of aggression of the canine ethogram are reviewed.
The most frequent recommendations found in the literature to reduce and prevent dog bites in the human population are also described.
Key words:
Dog
Dog bite
Rabies
Aggression
Epidemiological studies
Risk factors
Public health
Animal behavior
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[2.]
B.B. Chomel, J. Trotignon.
Epidemiologic surveys of dog and cat bites in the Lyon area, France.
Eur J Epidemiol, 8 (1992), pp. 619-624
[3.]
C.M. Calkins, D.D. Bensard, D.A. Partrick, F.M. Karrer.
Life-threatening dog attacks: a devastating combination of penetrating and blunt injuries.
J Pediatr Surg, 36 (2001), pp. 1115-1117
[4.]
D.R. Berzon, R.E. Farber, J. Gordon, E.B. Kelley.
Animal bites in a large city-a report on Baltimore, Maryland.
Am J Public Health, 62 (1972), pp. 422-426
[5.]
H. Knobel Freud, J.L. López Colomés, C. Serrano Sáinz, P. Hernández Vidal.
Mordedura por animales. Estudio de 606 casos.
Rev Clin Esp, 197 (1997), pp. 560-563
[6.]
H.C. Matter, S. Arbeitsgemeinschaft.
The epidemiology of bite and scratch injuries by vertebrate animals in Switzerland.
Eur J Epidemiol, 14 (1998), pp. 483-490
[7.]
J. Palacio, S. García-Belenguer, J.R. Sanjulián, J. Fatjó, X. Manteca.
Agresividad canina dirigida a personas en la provincia de Huesca, 1995-1996. Congreso Nacional de la Asociación de Veterinarios Especialistas en Pequeños Animales.
Santiago de Compostela, (1998),
[8.]
G.M. Quiles Cosme, C.M. Pérez-Cardona, F.I. Aponte Ortiz.
Estudio descriptivo sobre ataques y mordeduras de animals en el municipio de San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1996-1998.
PR Health Sci J, 19 (2000), pp. 39-47
[9.]
D.M. Sosin, J.J. Sacks, R.W. Sattin.
Causes of nonfatal injuries in the United States, 1986.
Accid Anal Prev, 24 (1992), pp. 685-687
[10.]
L.J. Borud, D.W. Friedman.
Dog bites in New York city.
Plast Reconstr Surg, 106 (2000), pp. 987-990
[11.]
American Veterinary Medical Association.
Task Force on Canine Aggression and Human-Canine Interactions. A community approach to dog bite prevention.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 218 (2001), pp. 1732-1749
[13.]
J. Gracia Romero, J.I. Labarta Aizpun, M.J. Monreal Gálvez, J. Elías Pollina.
Mordeduras de perro en la infancia. Estudio epidemiológico y clínico de 144 casos.
An Esp Pediatr, 37 (1992), pp. 287-290
[14.]
J.J. Sacks, R.W. Sattin, S.E. Bonzo.
Dog bite-related fatalities from 1979 through 1988.
JAMA, 262 (1989), pp. 1489-1492
[15.]
N.M. Szpakowski, B.N. Bonnett, S.W. Martin.
An epidemiological investigation into the reported incidents of dog biting in the City of Guelph.
Can Vet J, 30 (1989), pp. 937-942
[16.]
J.J. Sacks, R. Lockwood, J. Hornreich, R.W. Sattin.
Fatal dog attacks, 1989-1994.
Pediatrics, 97 (1996), pp. 891-895
[17.]
Y.F. Chang, J.E. McMahon, D.L. Hennon, R.E. LaPorte, J.H. Coben.
Dog bite incidence in the city of Pittsburgh: a capture-recapture approach.
Am J Public Health, 87 (1997), pp. 1703-1705
[18.]
L.A. Del Ciampo, R.G. Ricco, C.A. De Almeida, L.R. Bonilha, T.C. Carvalho dos Santos.
Dog bites and accidents in children.
Rev Saude Publica, 34 (2000), pp. 411-412
[19.]
D.A. Moore, W.M. Sischo, A. Hunter, T. Miles.
Animal bite epidemiology and surveillance for rabies postexposure prophylaxis.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 217 (2000), pp. 190-194
[20.]
K.A. Gershman, J.J. Sacks, J.C. Wright.
Which dogs bite? A case-control study of risk factors.
Pediatrics, 93 (1994), pp. 913-917
[21.]
A.M. Beck, B.A. Jones.
Unreported dog bites in children.
Public Health Rep, 100 (1985), pp. 315-321
[22.]
J.J. Sacks, M. Kresnow, B. Houston.
Dog bites: how big a problem?.
Inj Prev, 2 (1996), pp. 52-54
[23.]
K.P. Quinlan, J.J. Sacks.
Hospitalizations for dog bite injuries.
JAMA, 281 (1999), pp. 232-233
[25.]
R. Lindstrom, S. Tegenborg, P.O. Bylund, U. Bjornstig, A. Eriksson.
Survey of personal injuries caused by dogs and cats in Umea. Walking the dog was the activity most often related to injury.
Lakartidningen, 99 (2002), pp. 656-662
[26.]
H.F. Thomas, J. Banks.
A survey of dog bites in Thanet.
JR Soc Health, 110 (1990), pp. 173
[27.]
J.J. Sacks, L. Sinclair, J. Gilchrist, G.C. Golab, R. Lockwood.
Breeds of dogs involved in fatal human attacks in the United States between 1979 and 1998.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 217 (2000), pp. 836-840
[28.]
H.B. Weiss, D.I. Friedman, J.H. Coben.
Incidence of dog bite injuries treated in emergency departments.
JAMA, 279 (1998), pp. 51-53
[29.]
J. Langley.
The incidence of dog bites in New Zealand.
NZ Med J, 105 (1992), pp. 33-35
[30.]
A.E. Underman.
Bite wounds inflicted by dogs and cats.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 17 (1987), pp. 195-207
[31.]
G.R. Patrick, K.M. O’Rourke.
Dog and cat bites: epidemiologic analyses suggest different prevention strategies.
Public Health Rep, 113 (1998), pp. 252-257
[32.]
J. Ozanne-Smith, K. Ashby, V.Z. Stathakis.
Dog bite and injury prevention-analysis, critical review, and research agenda.
Inj Prev, 7 (2001), pp. 321-326
[33.]
T.V. Brogan, S.L. Bratton, M.D. Dowd, M.A. Hegenbarth.
Severe dog bites in children.
Pediatrics, 96 (1995), pp. 947-950
[34.]
D.W. Tuggle, D.V. Taylor, R.J. Stevens.
Dog bites in children.
J Pediatr Surg, 28 (1993), pp. 912-914
[35.]
P.F. Smith, A.M. Meadowcroft, D.B. May.
Treating mammalian bite wounds.
J Clin Pharm Ther, 25 (2000), pp. 85-99
[36.]
Y.T. Chun, J.E. Berkelhamer, T.E. Herold.
Dog bites in children less than 4 years old.
Pediatrics, 69 (1982), pp. 119-120
[37.]
J.R. Mathews, K.A. Lattal.
A behavioral analysis of dog bites to children.
J Dev Behav Pediatr, 15 (1994), pp. 44-52
[38.]
X. Manteca.
Etología clínica veterinaria.
2.a ed., Multimédica, (2002),
[39.]
S. Chapman, J. Cornwall, J. Righetti, L. Sung.
Preventing dog bites in children: randomised controlled trial of an educational intervention.
BMJ, 320 (2000), pp. 1512-1513
[40.]
J. Palacio, S. García-Belenguer, J. Fatjó, X. Manteca.
Prevención de la agresividad canina dirigida hacia neonatos.
Argos, 31 (2001), pp. 34-35
[41.]
A.L. Podberscek, J.K. Blackshaw, J.W. Nixon.
The incidence of dog attacks on children treated at a city hospital.
Aust Vet J, 67 (1990), pp. 79-80
[43.]
S.E. Kountakis, S.A. Chamblee, A.A.J. Maillard, C.M. Stiernberg.
Animal bites to the head and neck.
Ear Nose Throat J, 77 (1998), pp. 216-220
[44.]
R.J. Rohrich.
Man’s best friend revisited: who’s watching the children?.
Plast Reconstr Surg, 103 (1999), pp. 2067
[45.]
G.J. Ordog.
The bacteriology of dog bite wounds on initial presentation.
Ann Emerg Med, 15 (1986), pp. 1324-1329
[46.]
I. Brook.
Microbiology of human and animal bite wounds.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 6 (1987), pp. 29-32
[47.]
E.J. Goldstein.
Current concepts on animal bites: bacteriology and therapy.
Curr Clin Top Infect Dis, 19 (1999), pp. 99-111
[48.]
T.J. Sandora, H.H. Bernstein.
Neonatal jaundice, animal-induced injuries, and immunizations.
Curr Opin Pediatr, 13 (2001), pp. 377-385
[50.]
R.J. Presutti.
Prevention and treatment of dog bites.
Am Fam Physician, 63 (2001), pp. 1567-1572
[51.]
R. Gálvez Vargas, M. García Martín, J. Guillén Solvas.
Epidemiología general de las zoonosis. Brucelosis y rabia.
Medicina preventiva y salud pública, 10.a ed., pp. 589-600
[52.]
J.C. Wright.
Reported dog bites: are owned and stray dogs different?.
Anthrozoos, 4 (1990), pp. 113-119
[53.]
P.L. Borchelt.
Aggressive behavior of dogs kept as companion animals: classification and influence of sex, reproductive status and breed.
Appl Animal Ethol, 10 (1983), pp. 45-61
[54.]
J.C. Wright, M.S. Nesselrote.
Classification of behavior problems in dogs: distributions of age, breed, sex and reproductive status and breed.
Appl Anim Behav Sci, 19 (1987), pp. 169-178
[55.]
V. O’Farrell, E. Peachey.
Behavioural effects of ovariohysterectomyon bitches.
J Small Anim Pract, 31 (1990), pp. 595-598
[56.]
B. Klaassen, J.R. Buckley, A. Esmail.
Does the dangerous dogs act protect against animal attacks: a prospective study of mammalian bites in the accident and emergency department.
Injury, 27 (1996), pp. 89-91
[57.]
C. Greenhalgh, R.A. Cockington, J. Raftos.
An epidemiological survey of dog bites presenting to the emergency department of a children’s hospital.
J Paediatr Child Health, 27 (1991), pp. 171-174
[58.]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Dog bite-related fatalities: United States, 1995-1996.
MMWR, 46 (1997), pp. 463
[59.]
D.A. Boenning, G.R. Fleisher, J.M. Campos.
Dog bites in children: epidemiology, microbiology, and penicillin prophylactic therapy.
Am J Emerg Med, 1 (1983), pp. 17-21
[60.]
H. Eicherlberg.
Combat dogs-dangerous dogs.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 107 (2000), pp. 91-93
[61.]
C. Rossi-Broy.
Dangerous dogs: application of federal regulations.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 107 (2000), pp. 94-99
[62.]
T.J. Daniels.
A study of dog bites on the Navajo reservation.
Public Health Rep, 101 (1986), pp. 50-59
[64.]
B.V. Beaver.
Profiles of dogs presented for aggression.
J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 29 (1993), pp. 564-569
[65.]
I.R. Reisner, J.J. Mann, M. Stanley, Y.Y. Huang, K.A. Houpt.
Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite levels in dominant-aggressive and non-aggressive dogs.
Brain Res, 714 (1996), pp. 57-64
[66.]
S. García-Belenguer, M. Villén, A. Sánchez, J. Palacio.
Agresividad por dominancia: diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento preventivo.
Consulta de Difusión Veterinaria, 9 (2001), pp. 95-98
[67.]
P. Sureau.
Recent data on the epidemiology and prophylaxis of human rabies in France.
Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis, 13 (1990), pp. 107-110
[68.]
L.M. Bernardo, M.J. Gardner, J. O’Connor, N. Amon.
Dog bites in children treated in a pediatric emergency department.
J Soc Pediatr Nurs, 5 (2000), pp. 87-95
[69.]
M.E. Boillat De Corgemont Sartorio.
El informe suizo sobre perros peligrosos 1.a parte.
Animalia, 149 (2003), pp. 48-54
[70.]
M.E. Boillat De Corgemont Sartorio.
El informe suizo sobre perros peligrosos (II).
Animalia, 150 (2003), pp. 60-64
Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
