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Vol. 20. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2006: Los desajustes en la salud en el mundo desarrollado
Páginas 175-181 (marzo 2006)
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Vol. 20. Núm. S1.
Informe SESPAS 2006: Los desajustes en la salud en el mundo desarrollado
Páginas 175-181 (marzo 2006)
Parte IV. Ecosalud y participación social
Open Access
Alteraciones del nicho ecológico: resistencias bacterianas a los antibióticos
Ecological niche altering: bacteria resistance to antibiotics
Visitas
1223
Raimundo Pastor-Sánchez
Autor para correspondencia
rpastors@meditex.es

Correspondencia: Raimundo Pastor-Sánchez. Apartado de Correos 1207. 28800 Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España.
Centro de Salud Canillejas. Servicio Madrileño de Salud 4. Secretario de la Red Española de Atención Primaria. Madrid. España
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Resumen

Las resistencias bacterianas a los antibióticos es un problema de salud pública mundial. Porque está en juego la posibilidad de seguir tratando, con éxito, infecciones que en la actualidad se curan fácilmente con medicamentos. Si no se controlan las resistencias bacterianas se incrementarán la morbilidad, la mortalidad y el coste de la sanidad. La principal causa del incremento de las resistencias se debe al incorrecto uso de los antibióticos: por los profesionales sanitarios prescriptores (médicos, odontólogos, veterinarios) y dispensadores (farmacéuticos), por los pacientes (automedicación, incumplimiento terapéutico), por la administración sanitaria (falta de política y gestión efectiva orientada al uso racional de los antibióticos),y por las industrias farmacéuticas, químicas y agroalimentarias (promoción y utilización inadecuada de los antibióticos). Las soluciones para resolver este problema son múltiples y ninguna definitiva; pero pasan necesariamente por asumir la convivencia con los microorganismos, y no por intentar su exterminación.

Palabras clave:
Antibióticos
Atención primaria
Dispensación, prescripción
Resistencia bacteriana
Salud pública
Abstract

The antimicrobial resistances to antibiotics are a worldwide public health issue. Today's successful treatments of infections are threatened. If the antimicrobial resistances to antibiotics are not controled, morbidity, mortality and health care costs would increase. The main reason for the increasing number of these resistances is the wrong use of antibiotics by: health professional prescriptors (physicians, dentists, veterinary surgeons), dispensers (pharmacists), patients (self-prescription, non-fulfilment of treatments) and health care authorities (lack of policy and ineffective management of the rational use of antibiotics).There are multiple ways to solve this problem, but none is definitive by itself. It is required to assume the coexistence with microorganisms instead of trying to exterminate them.

Key words:
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial resistance
Dispensation
Prescription
Primary care
Public health
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