Journal Information
Vol. 22. Issue S1.
Informe SESPAS 2008: Mejorando la efectividad de las intervenciones públicas sobre la salud
Pages 53-64 (April 2008)
Vol. 22. Issue S1.
Informe SESPAS 2008: Mejorando la efectividad de las intervenciones públicas sobre la salud
Pages 53-64 (April 2008)
Capítulo 2. Políticas de salud pública. Políticas Frente a los riesgos cotidianos
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Transporte, medio ambiente y salud. Informe SESPAS 2008
Transport, environment and health
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Ferran Ballestera,b,
Corresponding author
ballester_fer@gva.es

Correspondencia: Ferran Ballester. Escola Valenciana d’Estudis en Salut (EVES). Conselleria de Sanitat. Generalitat Valenciana.
, Rosanna Peirób,c
a Escola Valenciana d’Estudis en Salut (EVES), Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
b Centro de, Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad, Madrid, España
c Centro de Salud Pública de Alzira, DGSP, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
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El transporte a motor se ha incrementado de manera exponencial en los últimos años. La organización de la sociedad requiere en gran medida la movilidad como un elemento esencial, pero, hasta hace poco tiempo, no se habían considerado las implicaciones para la salud y el medio ambiente de las formas de desplazamiento elegidas. En este capítulo se revisa el impacto negativo en salud que el tipo de transporte actual tiene en términos de lesiones de tráfico, el cambio climático, la contaminación atmosférica, el ruido, y las interferencias para las actividades cotidianas y la actividad física, como la dificultad para andar o ir en bicicleta. Se proponen algunas intervenciones posibles relacionadas con los instrumentos disponibles en salud pública y otras áreas, y se destacan aspectos donde se necesita más investigación. Se describen algunos ejemplos en España y en otros países. Se hacen recomendaciones acerca de la necesidad de reducir el uso del coche privado, desarrollar vías segmentadas y espacios de tráfico tranquilo conectados en las ciudades y entre pueblos cercanos para promocionar el desplazamiento andando o en bicicleta. Se plantea que el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de un sistema de transporte público que sea más rápido, seguro, barato y menos contaminante que el transporte privado debería ser una meta importante en las políticas públicas actuales. Estas acciones ayudarán a conseguir un cambio en los modos de transporte de la sociedad y, consecuentemente, una población más sana y un ambiente más sostenible.

Palabras clave:
Salud
Medio ambiente
Transporte
Accidentes de tráfico
Contaminación atmosférica
Ruido
Cambio climático
Políticas públicas
Abstract

Motor road transport has increased exponentially in the last few years. To a large extent, mobility is an essential element in the organization of society, but, until recently, the implications of chosen forms of transport for health and the environment have not been considered.

In this chapter we review the negative impact of current forms of transport on health in terms of traffic injuries, climate change, atmospheric contamination, noise, and interference with daily activities and exercise, such as impediments to walking or cycling. Some possible interventions related to the instruments available in public health and other fields are proposed. Issues deserving further research are highlighted. Some examples in Spain and other countries are described. Recommendations are made on the need to reduce the use of private cars and to develop segmented routes and areas of quiet traffic connected in the cities and among nearby towns to promote walking are cycling. One major goal in current public policies should be to develop and maintain a public transport system that is safe, cheap and faster and less polluting than private transport. These interventions would help to achieve a change in current modes of transport and would lead to a healthier population and a more sustainable environment.

Key words:
Health
Environment
Transport
Traffic injuries
Air pollution
Noise
Climate change
Public policies
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