Article information
Resumen
Introducción
En la actualidad, el concepto de maltrato infan-til se extiende a cualquier disfuncion en la interaccion entre los padres y los hijos, incluyendo en su diagnostico todas las diferentes formas en que se manifiesta dicha disfuncion parental (desde el clasico maltrato fisico hasta las formas sutiles de maltrato psicologico a los hijos).
MetodologíaRevision bibliografica de la revista Child Abuse and Neglect entre 1991 -1996 y de otros articulos y libros relacionados con el tema y citados en esta revista. Busque-da de la bibliografia espanola accesible sobre el tema.
ResultadosLos escasos estudios realizados en Espafia han estimado una prevalencia de 1,5%, aunque se admite que esta prevalencia es superior debido a las deficiencias en las fuen-tes de informacion con base poblacional. La vision del maltrato infantil como un fenomeno psicosocial que tiene importan-tes repercusiones en el desarrollo integral del nino, ha dado lugar a la elaboration de modelos conceptuales que intentan determinar la relation de los diferentes factores de riesgo y de protection que estan involucrados en su aparicion. Entre los principales factores de riesgo se encuentran la edad joven de los padres, la existencia de sintomas de ansiedad y depresion, una estructura familiar monoparental, y las situaciones de ines-tabilidad economica. El apoyo social tiene un papel protector.
ConclusiónEs necesario profundizar en la dinamica de los factores de riesgo y los factores protectores para llevar a cabo intervenciones efectivas en la prevention del maltrato infantil.
Palabras clave:
Maltrato infantil
Disfuncion parental
Mode-los conceptuales
Revision
Summary
Introduction
Currently, the concept of child maltreatment extends over any dysfunction in the parent-child relationship, including in its diagnosis all different forms in which parental dysfunction takes place (from the clasic child abuse to subtle types of psychological maltreatment).
MethodologyReview of original articles of Child Abuse and Neglect in 1991-1996, and of other articles cited in this period in that journal. Search of documents in the Spanish literature on this topic.
ResultsSeveral studies carried out in Spain have shown a prevalence rate of 1,5%, although it is widely recognized that this figure is an underestimate. The view of child maltreatment as a psychosocial phenomenon which causes severe consequences in the child’s integrated development, has produced conceptual models which explore the relationships among risk and protective factors involved in the occurrence of child maltreatment. The main risk factors are younger parents, anxiety and depression symptoms, monoparental family, and economic stress. Social support has a protective effect.
ConclusionA better understanding of the dynamics of protective and risk factors for child abuse is needed in order to carry out effective interventions in prevention and intervention programs against child maltreatment.
Key words:
Child maltreatment
Parental dysfunction
Conceptual models
Review
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