Journal Information
Vol. 7. Issue 37.
Pages 164-168 (July - August 1993)
Vol. 7. Issue 37.
Pages 164-168 (July - August 1993)
Open Access
Medidas Del Efecto De La Vacunación En Un Brote De Sarampión
Measures of the effect of vaccination on an outbreak of measles
Visits
4935
Carmen Amela Heras1,*, Isabel Pachón del Amo1, Consuelo Ibáñez Martí2
1 Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid
2 Servicio de Epidemiología de la Consejería de Salud. Comunidad de Madrid
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
Resumen

Se estudian la eficacia vacunal, la efectividad de un programa de vacunación y la fracción de población que sería necesario vacunar para prevenir un brote de sarampión, en una población con programa de vacunación. Se aplica un modelo dinámico para enfermedades agudas de transmisión directa a partir de la tasa de transmisión, que es la probabilidad de que un susceptible adquiera la infección a partir de un individuo infectado durante un corto período de tiempo. Se realizó un estudio de base poblacional donde se recogían las tasas de ataque en vacunados y no vacunados, en un brote de sarampión ocurrido en 1990.

El programa de vacunación es responsable, en esta población, de la reducción del: 82,41 % de los casos en no vacunados, 98,45% del riesgo de enfermedad en vacunados y 97,29% de los casos en la población. En estas condiciones es posible la presentación de brotes de enfermedad los cuales podrían ser prevenidos si el porcentaje de población vacunada fuera superior al 95%.

Palabras clave::
Métodos epidemiológicos
Sarampión
Vacunaciones
Promoción de la salud
Summary

Vaccine efficacy, the effectiveness of a vaccination programme and the fraction of a population that would be necessary to vaccinate in orderto prevent a measles outbreakare studied in apopulation having a vaccination programme. A dynamic model for acute, directly transmitted diseases was applied, based on the rate of transmission, namely, the probability that the infectious agent is transmitted from an infected to a susceptible person within a short space of time. We carried out a population-based study where we observed the final attack rates among vaccinated and unvaccinated people for a measles outbreak.

In this population, the vaccination programme is responsible for a reduction of: 82.41 % of all cases in the non-vaccinated sector; 98.45% of the average risk of disease among the vaccinated; and 97.29% of all cases among the population as a whole.Underthese conditions there is the possibility of disease outbreaks arising, outbreaks which could be prevented if the percentage of the vaccinated population exceeded 95%.

Key words::
Epidemiological methods
Measles
Vaccination
Health promotion
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliogrífia
[1.]
M.S. Barlett.
Measles periodicity and community size.
J R Statist Soc, A120 (1957), pp. 48-70
[2.]
W.O. Kermack, A.G. McKendrick.
A contribution to the mathematical theory of epidemics.
Proc R Soc, A115 (1972), pp. 700-721
[3.]
R.M. Anderson, R.M. May.
Vaccination and herd immunity to infectious diseases.
Nature, 318 (1985), pp. 323-329
[4.]
R.M. Anderson, R.M. May.
Infectious Diseases of Human: Dynamics and control.
[5.]
D.J. Nokes, R.M. Anderson.
The use of mathematical models in the epidemiological study of infectious diseases and in the design of mass immunization programmes.
Epidemiol Infect, 101 (1988), pp. 1-20
[6.]
W. Katzman, K. Dietz.
Evaluation of age specific vaccination strategies.
Theor Pop Biol, 25 (1984), pp. 125-137
[7.]
P.E.M. Fine, J.A. Clarkson.
Measles in England and Wales. I. An analysis of factors underlying seasonal patterns.
Int J Epidemiol, 11 (1982), pp. 5-14
[8.]
P.E.M. Fine, J.A. Clarkson.
Measles in England and Wales. II. The impact of the measles vaccination programmes on the distribution of immunity in the population.
Int J Epidemiol, 11 (1982), pp. 15-25
[9.]
M.E. Halloran, M. Haber, I.M. Longini, C.J. Struchiner.
Direct and indirect effects in vaccine efficacy and effectiveness.
Am J Epidemiol, 133 (1991), pp. 323-331
[10.]
M. Haber, I.M. Longini, M.E. Halloran.
Measures of the effects of vaccination in a randomly mixing population.
Int J Epidemiol, 20 (1991), pp. 300-310
[11.]
P.G. Smith, L.C. Rodrigues, P.E.M. Fine.
Assessment of the protective efficacy of vaccines against common diseases using case-control and cohort studies.
Int J Epidemiol, 13 (1984), pp. 87-93
[12.]
Boletín Epidemiológico del Servicio Regional de Salud. Consejería de salud. Comunidad de Madrid. 1990; 1 (Nov) 218-230.
[13.]
R. Santoro, F.M. Rugger, M. Bataglia, M. Rapicetta, et al.
Measles epidemiology in Italy.
Int J Epidemiol, 3 (1984), pp. 201-209
[14.]
Centers for Disease Control.
Manual of procedures for National Morbidity Reporting and Public Health Surveillance Activities.
[15.]
A.S. Benenson.
Control of communicable diseases in man.
15th ed,
[16.]
C. Amela Heras, C. de Miguel Montes, I. Pachón del Amo, R. Bueno Vallejos, M.A. Gil Nebot.
Encuesta seroepidemiológica en la Comunidad de Madrid.
Comunidad de Madrid, (1990),
[17.]
W.A. Orenstein, R.H. Bernier, A.R. Hinman.
Assessing vaccine efficacy in the field: further observations.
Epidemiol Rev, 10 (1988), pp. 212-241
[18.]
J.P. Fox, L. Elveback, W. Scott, L. Gatewood, E. Ackerman.
Herd immunity: basic concept and relevance to public health immunization practices.
Am J Epidemiol, 94 (1971), pp. 179-189
Copyright © 1993. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
Download PDF
Idiomas
Gaceta Sanitaria
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?